1 Mr Pritam Singh asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health beyond bed occupancy rates, ward admission waiting times and emergency department attendances, what additional public health indicators the Ministry will publish on a monthly or bi-weekly basis to enable the public to better track health outcomes and system pressures, in light of Singapore’s transition to a super-aged society.
\tThe Minister of State for Health (Ms Rahayu Mahzam) (for the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health): Mr Speaker, the Ministry of Health (MOH) publishes various public health indicators related to the health system and population health outcomes. For example, several capacity related indicators are available on the MOH website. The annual National Population Health Survey covers lifestyle risk factors and practices such as smoking, screening and vaccinations. The National Nutritional Survey informs us of the dietary patterns and nutritional status of the population. The annual MOH Revenue and Expenditure Estimates – that is, the Budget Book – also published various key performance indicators, such as life expectancy, mortality rates from diseases, disease prevalence, medical resources and so on. In addition, indicators on cancer, chronic kidney failure, stroke and heart attack are also published by the National Registry of Disease Office annually.
Health outcomes take time to shape and evolve, and it would not be appropriate to report fortnightly or monthly.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Singh.
\tMr Pritam Singh (Aljunied): Mr Speaker, thank you and I thank the Minister of State for the reply. My question really starts from the debate at the Committee of Supply. The Minister of State referred to the Budget Book. There are two particular key performance indicators (KPIs) there, for example. One is \"the percentage of patients who wait less than or 100 minutes for consultations at polyclinics\". There is another one which says \"the percentage of patients who waited more than or equal to 60 days for new subsidised specialist outpatient clinic appointments\".
My question was framed with regard to our super-aged society. The consideration that I am suggesting that MOH looks into is whether there could be a public health dashboard for Singaporeans that gives us a one-stop identifiable datapoint on what our public healthcare outcomes are looking like on a bi-weekly or monthly basis. So, these two KPIs in the Budget Book, for example, could potentially be on that dashboard. There are other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries which also have public health dashboards.
My query ultimately is, how is MOH going to look at improving reporting of these public health outcomes in the context of a super-aged society and not prior to this Rubicon that we have now crossed?
\tMs Rahayu Mahzam: Mr Speaker, I appreciate the input and insight that the Member has raised. Perhaps I could just give some insight also as to how we have framed this.
When we look at how we are tracking and measuring, we look at an end-to-end and a full suite approach to things: we look at the preventive efforts that we are doing, and that is why we are tracking screening rates, enrolment to Healthier SG; we look at the aspect of the systems and the pressures on that; the access to care is also one dimension; we also look at the larger health outcomes. There is actually a full range, and in that sense, many of these are already available, that datapoint is already available to the public to scrutinise and look at.
Secondly, I think in deciding what are some of the KPIs or items for us to track, there needs to be an appreciation as to whether or not that is meaningful. I take note of some of the items that the Member has raised. There needs to be a balance in what we are tracking, because just providing the information may not provide any meaningful insight or will necessarily encourage the right behaviours.
For example, when we look at Emergency Department timings, the point of it is really that at the end of the day for Emergency Departments, if it is an emergency case, it will be attended to immediately. Regardless of the median waiting times or whatever, there is already a protocol that is in place. The point is, we also want to then nudge behaviours. That particular measure may not necessarily reflect the efforts we are taking in that space.
There is also cost to tracking and the measuring, so we want to make sure that whatever we decide on to measure must be meaningful, must then lead to better behaviours and the correct approaches to then respond to some of those indicators.
But I do take the point and we are actually reviewing to see what is a meaningful way to put out this information so that the public can understand, so that we can all track properly whether the good health outcomes are a result of the efforts that we are making. I will take the feedback back and we will continue to review this.
Mr Speaker: Mr Singh.
\tMr Pritam Singh: Thank you, Speaker. The Minister of State mentioned meaningful impact a few times, so I will give an example. The KPI in the Budget Book, \"the percentage of patients who waited less than or at least 100 minutes for consultations at polyclinics\", for example, for each fiscal year, 2023, 2024, 2025 – the number is 99%. So, it is very high degree in terms of hitting the KPI. But at some point we have to ask, is that a meaningful representation of what constitutes a good public health outcome? Is 100 minutes too lax or two permissive a KPI?
So, I think if you have a public health dashboard, for example, with a little bit more granularity, I believe the public would have a better sense of the stressors on the healthcare system and where improvements can be made, and where changes also can be advanced in Parliament and out of Parliament to achieve better outcomes for the population at large.
\tMs Rahayu Mahzam: I appreciate the Member's feedback. As I said earlier, this is something that we will continue to consider. But we do also have to appreciate that the information that we get is live, in terms of waiting times and all that. So, the Member is right in that we will constantly review as to whether that measure is actually a good reflection of the state of the health systems. But as you know, we give feedback all the time to MOH and we do respond quite immediately to some of these issues, especially with, say, waiting time at the polyclinics, how they are utilising the online systems. And on the go, our public healthcare providers are constantly trying to improve and adapt.
So, I want to give that assurance that we do take note of these: one, in respect of making sure that whatever we are measuring is meaningful; two, there is always a quick response to immediately and promptly respond to the needs on the ground as to the healthcare utilisation and to respond to the changing landscape with regard to ageing.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Haj Arrangements and Contingency Plans for Singapore Pilgrims Given Present Security Situation and Travel Disruptions in Middle East","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"2 Dr Wan Rizal asked the Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs in light of the volatile security situation and travel disruptions in the Middle East (a) what is the current status of this year’s haj arrangements for Singapore pilgrims; and (b) what contingency plans are in place to safeguard pilgrims and support them should the situation deteriorate further.
\tThe Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs (Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim): Mr Speaker, to date, preparations for Haj 2026 are proceeding as planned. The Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura or MUIS) remains in close contact with Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Hajj and Umrah on the arrangements, and will continue to monitor the latest developments in the Middle East.
MUIS is working closely with the Association of Muslim Travel Agents Singapore (AMTAS), and the appointed haj travel agents and service providers to support our pilgrims for a safe haj journey. These include using direct flights to and from Saudi Arabia, choosing ground transport options less susceptible to disruption, and closer coordination of pilgrim movements in Madinah, Makkah and Jeddah. MUIS is also developing contingency plans with AMTAS and haj travel agents, to plan for potential travel disruptions and unforeseen incidents during the pilgrimage.
Above all, the safety and welfare of our pilgrims remain our utmost priority. MUIS will continue to keep all pilgrims and the wider community informed of the latest haj arrangements.
\tMr Speaker: Dr Wan Rizal.
\tDr Wan Rizal (Jalan Besar): Sir, I thank the Minister for the reply. I am glad to hear that the haj will continue this year as planned. Given the continuing uncertainty in the Middle East, I think many pilgrims and their families are rightly so concerned about this year's arrangements, and perhaps also what happens if they are disrupted at very short notice. Some have also shared that they might want to withdraw for safety reasons.
My first supplementary question is, if haj arrangements are cancelled or significantly disrupted this year, or if some pilgrims choose to defer due to security concerns, will pilgrims who were due to travel this year be given priority in the following year or subsequent years? And how will this affect others who are already in the queue?
My second supplementary question is, if that happens, can the Minister also clarify is there some way that they can get a refund or deferment or financial assistance that could be provided and arranged for them, so that the affected pilgrims are not unfairly penalised for circumstances that are beyond their control?
\tAssoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim: Sir, I thank the Member for the supplementary question. The answer is yes, the affected pilgrims will be given priority, but this is subject to the annual quota allocated by Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Hajj and Umrah. And when that happens, MUIS will work closely with AMTAS to make the necessary arrangements.
On his second supplementary question, we understand that pilgrims will be concerned about the financial impact in event that haj is cancelled or disrupted. As I shared earlier, we are in close contact with Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Hajj and Umrah and AMTAS to ensure that the affected pilgrims receive the necessary support and financial assistance. Also, the type of support that we provide depends on the prevailing circumstances. Should haj be cancelled or disrupted this year, we will work closely with AMTAS to allow the affected pilgrims to defer to the subsequent haj seasons. MUIS will work with the travel agents and the Saudi-based service providers to explore possible refunds, given the situation.
So, as I shared earlier, we will continue to monitor the situation. We will keep all the pilgrims informed on the latest arrangements and support measures in a timely manner. We know the haj is a very significant milestone for Muslims and we want to make sure that while we facilitate, we also want to take care of the safety and the welfare of our pilgrims, and we seek the community's understanding and collective effort to stand together during this time of crisis.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Reasons for Attrition in Foster Parenting Scheme and Proposed Guidelines for Co-parenting Arrangements for Fostering","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"3 Dr Neo Kok Beng asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) whether the Ministry has any plan to issue guidelines for co-parenting arrangements between foster and biological parents; and (b) if so, when will these guidelines be issued.
4 Dr Neo Kok Beng asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) what the present estimated shortfall of foster parents is; and (b) what additional programmes are planned to address this shortfall, if any.
5 Dr Neo Kok Beng asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) what has been the attrition rate of foster parents in the last three years; (b) what are the reasons or issues for such attrition; and (c) how can these issues be resolved.
\tThe Minister of State for Social and Family Development (Mr Goh Pei Ming) (for the Minister for Social and Family Development): Mr Speaker, may I have your permission to take oral Question Nos 3 to 5 filed by Nominated Member Dr Neo Kok Beng in today’s Order Paper together, as they pertain to matters concerning foster parents.
\tMr Speaker: Please proceed.
Mr Goh Pei Ming: My response will also address a related question filed by the Member Dr Neo Kok Beng1 for a subsequent Sitting, and if the Member is satisfied with the response, he may wish to withdraw the question after this session.
The Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) will continue to grow our pool of foster parents so that more children in state care can be placed in safe and stable family-based settings, which generally provide better social, emotional and developmental outcomes than institutional care.
MSF has partnered fostering agencies, community organisations, religious groups and private organisations to raise awareness and recruit more foster families. We have also strengthened support measures, such as increasing the fostering allowance for those caring for teenagers from October 2025, and removing the minimum household income and educational requirements for applicants from July 2024. On co-parenting, we are open to considering arrangements between foster and biological parents where appropriate, particularly to facilitate reunification of the child with the biological parents and where it is in the child’s best interests.
On attrition, about 6% of foster parents have been deregistered each year on average over the last three years. The reasons include new family commitments, health or age-related factors and relocation. We will continue to strengthen support, training and engagement with foster families to improve retention, and build a strong fostering ecosystem. The Member may wish to refer to Parliamentary written answers on \"Increasing Enrolment of Foster Parents\" at the 18 February 2025 Sitting to learn more about earlier enhancements to foster care.
On Child LifeSG Credits, they are credited to the Child Development Account (CDA) trustee of an eligible child to ensure that support is directed to the individual responsible for the child’s care and upbringing. While it is possible for the trustee to change the CDA trustee through the bank’s portal or mobile application, I would like to point out that in designing the foster allowances, MSF does not assume reliance on these credits.
Foster parents receive a monthly fostering allowance ranging from $1,100 to $1,800, depending on the child’s age and needs, to help defray childcare and other out-of-pocket expenses. In addition, foster children are eligible for childcare, student care and medical subsidies.
\t
\tMr Speaker: Dr Neo.
\tDr Neo Kok Beng (Nominated Member): Thank you, Speaker. I have two supplementary questions. Firstly, we acknowledge that MSF has done a very good job in reintegration, the percentage is very high, for the foster children with their birth families. What I would like to ask is, what is the long-term reintegration rate? How long and how do we measure success of the reintegration? This is to ensure the long-term safety and well-being of the child.
The other supplementary question is on, again, I want to follow up on the rights of the foster parents. What is the status right now for them to access the information of the foster children, especially in education, where they need to monitor but now they do not have access to. Also, they need to book the medical appointments online for the polyclinics or hospital and they do not have access. So, what is the status of this right now, as the focus is really for these foster children to be in the care of their foster parents for a couple of years?
\tMr Goh Pei Ming: Mr Speaker, I will take the Member's second question first. Once a child or young person has been assigned to a set of foster parents through a Court Order or a Voluntary Care Agreement, foster parents will be issued a letter from MSF that identifies them as the caregivers under the Ministry's fostering scheme. This letter facilitates communications between the foster parents and the healthcare professionals to ensure that the medical needs are addressed. It also allows them to communicate through the school system to take care of the schooling and educational needs
However, I acknowledge the Members point. Many of the public agencies' services have gone digital and therefore, we do want to provide this digital access as well. This is also the feedback consistent with what we have gotten from many foster parents. Therefore, MSF is currently working to further enhance our foster parents' experience by providing them access to the foster child's education and healthcare information through HealthHub and Parents Gateway. This is in progress and we will hope to update the Member at a later date, once these are ready.
On the second question, in terms of the long-term success rate, it is not a single percentage or single metric that we measure by. What is more important, success is measured by whether the child is able to safely and sustainably stay with the birth family over time.
Some other factors we look at when we evaluate whether this is safe and sustainable, include whether there is further abuse or neglect, the absence of it, is useful, stable caregiving arrangements within the family to care for the child, the overall well-being and functioning of the child, especially if the child is in school, as well as health and behavioural aspects.
To safeguard the child after reintegration, MSF has post-reunification monitoring protocols. This includes safety checks at least monthly by MSF case officers, complemented by inputs from community partners, such as schools, social service agencies who know the family well to ensure that if there are any risk or any concerns, these are picked up early. Children are also monitored for at least 12 months after reintegration and longer if we need to, depending on the family circumstances and the overall assessed level of risk. Where concerns arise, MSF will not hesitate to intervene promptly to provide additional support to take further protective actions when needed.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Dennis Tan.
\tMr Dennis Tan Lip Fong (Hougang): Thank you, Mr Speaker. Relating to one issue of co-parenting, I would like to ask will the Ministry consider granting foster parents synchronised access to the child's Health Buddy app? Currently, foster parents have no access to the app and require the cooperation of biological parents. Sometimes, the cooperation may not be given for various different reasons. I believe the Ministry can help to bridge this gap to ensure better healthcare continuity for our foster children, and also better coordination between the foster and biological parents.
If it is not possible to grant access across all fostering cases due to the temporary nature of some of the fostering arrangements, then, given that many foster placements last for several years, will MSF at least consider enabling Health Buddy access to at least the longer-term foster parents, for example, those who are at least two to three years or upwards?
\tMr Goh Pei Ming: I thank the Member for his concern for foster children. I think the question is similar to my reply given to Nominated Member of Parliament Dr Neo. In particular, we recognise that it is important to give foster parents access to health information, and those may be on Health Buddy. Like what I mentioned earlier, we are working on providing digital access to foster parents.
In terms of what data fields and what information is provided to the parents, these are being looked at, because, like the Member said, the situation for every child, the length of foster care differs. And in some cases, depending on the circumstances under which the child is placed under foster care, and the relationship with the biological parents, things can be sensitive, and therefore we have to consider all that when we arrange for what data fields are available to the foster parents.
But ultimately, the primary consideration is that we want to make sure that foster parents have the information required to provide the necessary care to the child and make sure that the child's best interests are addressed.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Tan, a short one, please.
\tMr Dennis Tan Lip Fong: Yes, just a quick clarification. I thank the Minister of State for the answers and the details. The feedback I receive is pertaining, especially to making appointments, because there have been instances where foster parents experience appointments being cancelled without their knowledge, and then having to arrive at the hospital unnecessarily wasting their time.
\tMr Goh Pei Ming: Yes, indeed, so, the digital access that we are working on will allow for the appointment booking system and updates to be made available for foster parents to access.
\t
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Minister for Social and Family Development given that Child LifeSG Credits (CLC) are meant to offset the household expenses for the benefit of the child, what action is the Ministry taking to ensure Child Development Account records are updated so that kinship or foster care households will receive the CLC for the children under their alternate care."],"footNoteQuestions":["3","4","5"],"questionNo":"3-5"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Help for Students Registering for Primary School when Schools Nearest Their Homes Do Not Offer Their Mother Tongue Language","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"6 Dr Haresh Singaraju asked the Minister for Education given that not all primary schools offer Tamil and Malay as mother tongue languages, how does the Ministry ensure that children from these language communities are not disadvantaged under the Primary 1 registration framework when the schools nearest to their homes do not offer their mother tongue language.
\tThe Senior Minister of State for Education (Dr Janil Puthucheary) (for the Minister for Education): Sir, in the planning of schools, the Ministry of Education ensures that our students can access a primary school near their homes. Except for a small number, 15 of Special Assistance Plan schools, all primary schools offer the three official mother tongue languages.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Data on Victim and Perpetrator Profiles in Rape and Molest Cases","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"7 Ms Gho Sze Kee asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs given that more than half of rape and molestation cases involve offenders known to victims (a) whether the increase in such crimes in 2025 was primarily driven by this category of offenders; (b) what are the contextual breakdown of the cases such as, in domestic, workplace, or educational settings; and (c) whether targeted interventions are being strengthened in these environments.
\tThe Minister of State for Home Affairs (Mr Goh Pei Ming) (for the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs): From 2024 to 2025, there was an increase of 104 cases of outrage of modesty, from 1,427 to 1,531 cases; and an increase of 78 cases of rape, from 401 to 479 cases. The majority of the rape cases and more than half of the outrage of modesty cases involved offenders known to the victims. The proportions of rape and outrage of modesty cases involving offenders known to the victims has remained stable over the last five years.
In 2025, of the total number of rape and outrage of modesty cases, approximately 33% took place in residential premises, 18% took place in commercial premises and 3% took place in educational institutions.
The Government takes a firm stance against all forms of sexual offending and Ministries have implemented a suite of measures to prevent offending, encourage reporting and improve victim support, regardless of where the offence occurs.
For example, in educational settings, students are taught to report their concerns and to seek help from trusted adults. In domestic settings, specialist agencies, such as the Protection Specialist Centres and Child Protection Specialist Centres, provide social and emotional support for victims of intra- and extra-familial violence, including sexual violence. The Police, on their part, also provide victim care services when investigating sexual offences.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Research on Correlation of PSLE-based School Placement and Socio-economic Status Performance Gap","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"8 Assoc Prof Kenneth Goh asked the Minister for Education regarding the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) findings linking earlier academic sorting to stronger socio-economic status (SES) performance associations (a) whether the Ministry has assessed whether PSLE-based school placement at age 12 amplifies the SES-performance gap; (b) if so, what that assessment found; and (c) if no such assessment exists, whether the Ministry intends to conduct one.
\tThe Minister of State for Education (Ms Jasmin Lau) (for the Minister for Education): Mr Speaker, globally, our students from higher socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds tend to perform better academically than students from lower-income backgrounds. We have not studied, nor do we plan at this time to study, whether secondary school placement based on the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) results amplifies this skew, as there are many factors that influence the academic performance of our students.
Instead, our focus is to help all our students achieve their full potential, regardless of background. This includes providing more support to students from more disadvantaged backgrounds and also providing porosity in our education pathways, such as through Full Subject-Based Banding at the secondary level, to strengthen their education outcomes.
\tMr Speaker: Assoc Prof Kenneth Goh.
\tAssoc Prof Kenneth Goh (Nominated Member): Thank you, Speaker, and I thank the Minister of State for the response. Given that the SES educational performance gap and the economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) index slope are indicators of educational inequity, and also given this House's commitment to educational equity, especially where we have stated that where you start does not determine where you end up in life, would the Ministry of Education (MOE) consider tracking and targeting these indicators? And if not, why not? Especially since these indicators can give us a sense of whether the measures that have been undertaken by MOE are working.
\tMs Jasmin Lau: I thank the Member for his question. We will continue to monitor this trend closely as part of our overall efforts to ensure that all of our students are able to maximise their full potential.
\tMr Speaker: Mr David Hoe.
\tMr David Hoe (Jurong East-Bukit Batok): Thank you, Mr Speaker. I have two supplementary questions on social mixing as a leveller.
Could the Ministry share how it is actively strengthening social mixing across different SES within and across schools, and whether do we track the effectiveness of it? That is my first question.
The second one is, I would like to check if there is a progress update to my previous Parliamentary Question, where I asked whether MOE would consider a tie-breaker mechanism that gives students of lower SES background some priority for schools that are over-subscribed?
\tMs Jasmin Lau: I thank the Member for his question. In response to his first question, yesterday, I did explain how our system of Posting Groups and Full Subject-Based Banding now do allow many more of our students to experience social mixing in our schools. Outside of formal curriculum, we also have co-curricular activities and Values in Action projects that our students can participate in.
On the Member's second question, we are reviewing. We will also engage the public in our education conversations, and update when ready.
\tMr Speaker: Assoc Prof Jamus Lim.
\tAssoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim (Sengkang): Speaker, thank you for allowing me to join the debate. While I did not file a Parliamentary Question on this topic today, I had filed related Parliamentary Questions before and spoke on the issue during this year's Budget Debate.
To follow on from Assoc Prof Goh's Parliamentary Question, I wonder if the Ministry has looked into how much the growing relevance of SES may be driven by access to tuition? After all, if a student from a poorer household falls behind in class, they are much less likely to be able to make up for this lost ground with private tuition, compared to a family with access to more resources.
Relatedly, I recall that when I was going to school, our teachers would conduct remedial classes for weaker students. May I check how widespread such practice is in schools today, or has it become de-emphasised, perhaps because our teachers are already putting in between 47 and 53 hours a week, around 25% more than their Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development counterparts?
Mr Speaker: Assoc Prof Jamus Lim, you are actually not entering a debate. You should be asking supplementary questions. I just wanted to make a point that we are not debating about an issue.
\t
\tMs Jasmin Lau: I thank the Member for his questions. MOE does provide additional support to many students with higher educational needs. And we continue to do so in programmes, even though the names may have changed from those that we understood and knew when we were students and those that students experience today.
For instance, primary schools do provide very targeted academic intervention for students who need more support to strengthen their foundational skills in reading, literacy and numeracy. This includes learning support programmes, reading remediation programmes and learning support for mathematics. So, we want to do this through our schools to ensure that all of our students do have access to support to improve their academic performances.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Singapore's Economic, Social and Cultural Status' Slope Ranking of Second out of 79 in PISA","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"9 Assoc Prof Kenneth Goh asked the Minister for Education (a) how the Ministry assesses Singapore's economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) slope ranking of second out of 79 in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) systems, given that comparable high-performing systems such as Japan and Korea rank significantly lower; (b) what specific measures target a reduction in this slope; and (c) what progress is expected.
\tThe Minister of State for Education (Ms Jasmin Lau) (for the Minister for Education): Based on our Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results, Singapore has a steeper slope representing the association between the socio-economic status (SES) background and performance of our students, compared to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average and most other systems. This is because, while our students from our lower-SES homes, as a group, performed better than their OECD counterparts with similar SES, our students from higher-SES homes outperformed their peers by an even larger margin. This differential gives rise to the steeper slope.
One simplistic way to flatten the slope is to stop our higher-performing students from doing so well. But that is not educationally sound and goes against our education philosophy of helping all students to develop to their full potential.
The Ministry of Education (MOE) is committed to uplifting students who need more help, without capping the potential of those who can excel. We do so through targeted measures, such as providing additional support to students who come from lower-income households or who have higher needs, including school-based after-school programmes for students from more challenging home environments.
Mr Speaker: Assoc Prof Kenneth Goh.
\tAssoc Prof Kenneth Goh (Nominated Member): Thank you, Speaker, and I thank the Minister of State again for the response. I think one of the concerns is, what the economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) slope implies or suggests is whether performance is driven by income or at least affected by income. I am not saying that it is caused by income, but whether there is a strong correlation between SES and performance.
So, it is not about capping potential, but whether or not the folks from higher SES backgrounds have more opportunities, and because of that, that leads to that increase in academic performance.
And my second supplementary question, it is related to the one I had asked before – whether or not this is an indicator that MOE will look into tracking because it can give a sense of whether the measures that have been implemented are working or not.
\tMs Jasmin Lau: I thank the Member for his questions. I think the first question was more of a comment, I did not really catch the specific question, the first part of it.
\tAssoc Prof Kenneth Goh: Yes, it is more of a comment in response to her point about capping potential of high performance. So, the Minister of State was talking about one way of flattening the slope would be to lower the top end. But I do not think that necessarily means depriving people of opportunities. I think what it suggests is that there might be a certain group of people with more opportunities. And because of that, that gives them the chances to do better and hence, you see that the stronger relationship between ESCS and performance.
So, it is maybe putting forth a different interpretation of the data, and likewise, with the different interpretation, there could be different policy implications as well. Specifically, my question is whether MOE would consider that different interpretation and how that might change the policy.
\tMs Jasmin Lau: Absolutely, I thank the Member for the clarification. Yes, we will continue to watch this trend and this indicator closely, as part of a suite of overall indicators that we use when assessing the overall educational outcomes for our students. I think on the first comment, my assurance is that we want to make sure that all Singaporean students have as much access to opportunities as possible, regardless of SES.
Mr Speaker: Assoc Prof Jamus Lim.
\tAssoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim (Sengkang): Thank you, Speaker. I will just reiterate that I agree with the Minister of State that none of us that argue against early tracking do so because we want to suppress the performance of our top students.
However, I am wondering if she is aware of research by professors Eric Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann, this was published in 2006 in Economic Journal, that argues that the result of early tracking is that it raises the impact of SES on educational inequality – not so much because of allowing those who are high achievers to blossom, but rather by lowering the performance of both groups, even the high achievers, and it lowers the ones of the low achievers even more.
\tMs Jasmin Lau: I do not think I heard a specific question, but if the question is about whether I am aware of the research, well, after today, I definitely will be.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Alternative Pathways for Students Required to Leave School Before Completing National Certifications","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"10 Ms Yeo Wan Ling asked the Minister for Education in respect of students who are required to leave school before completing their national certifications, what alternative education, training or reintegration pathways does the Ministry provide to ensure they are not left without viable progression options.
\tThe Senior Minister of State for Education (Mr David Neo) (for the Minister for Education): Sir, it is our goal for all Singaporeans to have education, training or reintegration pathways through life, regardless of when or how they left school.
And those who wish to continue their education may approach the school in which they were last enrolled. Alternatively, they can approach the Ministry of Education's Education and Career Guidance Centre for advice and guidance on suitable educational pathways. If they are assessed to be age-appropriate for re-admission, they can be enrolled at a secondary school. The receiving schools may assess these students and provide bridging programmes to smoothen their transition back into mainstream education.
While for students who prefer other education and training options, there are also alternative pathways. So, students with minimal academic qualifications can consider the Institute of Technical Education General Education programme, which allows adult learners to obtain their GCE \"N\" or \"O\" Levels. This, in turn, then allows them to subsequently enrol in Higher Nitec and Diploma programmes in our institutes of higher learning.
SkillsFuture Singapore also provides subsidies for a wide range of industry-relevant training programmes to meet the upskilling needs of Singaporeans throughout their careers, regardless of their education or academic qualifications.
Mr Speaker: Ms Yeo Wan Ling.
\tMs Yeo Wan Ling (Punggol): Mr Speaker, I thank the Senior Minister of State for his reply. Could he also share whether there are plans to strengthen early identification and intervention for students at risk of leaving school prematurely, including closer coordination with family and community partners, so that support can be put in place earlier to help them remain engaged in education or to transition more smoothly?
I talk about this because I met up with a resident from Punggol, whose son was asked to leave school when he was in Secondary 3. And because of this, he was not able to get any certification. And I think after a year of trying very hard to get into another school, they were not able to do so, eventually, what they had to do is that they put the son in private tuition. Eventually, after a year, the school did accept him, but after that, he again got suspended.
While we are talking about upstream and low stream, the other thing is also whether or not, the Senior Minister of State could also clarify, if the Ministry tracks the outcomes of students who leave school before completing their national certifications, in particular, how many have successfully transited into alternative education, like the ones he had pointed out, training or employment pathways? And what additional support is provided to those who struggle to reintegrate?
I think at the end of it all, we just want to make sure that no student is left without a viable pathway.
Mr David Neo: Mr Speaker, I thank the Member for her supplementary questions. And indeed, it is our goal to make sure that all Singaporeans, all students have good pathways through life.
Ms Yeo spoke about early upstream intervention. Yes, indeed, we do early upstream intervention. We do it in schools. What we want to do is to strengthen at-risk students' engagement and a sense of certain connectedness to the school. In fact, once any of our students show any signs of disengagement, they are individually tracked and they are supported. Form teachers and school counsellors reach out to our students to understand and to address any of these challenges.
A lot of this, like the Member pointed out, could be issues at home and otherwise. And every effort is made to counsel and to dissuade these at-risk students from dropping out of school, including engaging their parents to provide a more holistic support.
Also, to strengthen at-risk students' motivation and a sense of connectedness to school, the Ministry of Education (MOE) also provides resources and guidance for schools to create a supportive school environment and also, provide a conducive after-school support for the students. This is usually done in collaboration with many community partners. Depending on their needs, students are also referred to school-based programmes where they can be engaged through befriending or mentoring by community partners and volunteers, as well as interest-based activities that build peer support and relationships, which can help improve their social emotional connectedness.
Schools also work very closely with community partners and Government agencies, such as the Ministry of Social and Family Development's ComLink+, self-help groups, social service agencies to provide some of these upstream wraparound support for the at-risk students. I am sure the Member, being a very good grassroots advisor, would also have some of these programmes for at-risk youths in her constituency, as I do have in Tampines as well.
There is a huge network of youth and social support programmes, but in broad, MOE focuses also on that wraparound support for our students, to make sure they have a holistic and also very importantly, a good home care environment, to prevent them from dropping out of school.
To the Member's question about tracking outcomes, today, MOE tracks outcomes of students. But once they are not in the school education system anymore, we do not track those further. But as part of our manpower statistics, as part of what SkillsFuture Singapore and Workforce Singapore are doing, we do have some of the other indicators. As a whole, I think what we do want to do is to make use of a combination of these indicators to make sure that we have all the appropriate programmes to help all Singaporeans continue to upgrade in life.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Helping NSFs with Mental Conditions Link Up with External Health and Social Sector Partners for Better Care","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"11 Dr Haresh Singaraju asked the Coordinating Minister for Public Services and Minister for Defence in addition to the SAF's established internal mental health support system, whether full-time National Servicemen identified with mental health conditions associated with psychosocial stressors are systematically linked with external health and social sector partners to address underlying triggers and support their continued well-being during and after service.
\tThe Senior Minister of State for Defence (Mr Zaqy Mohamad) (for the Coordinating Minister for Public Services and Minister for Defence): Mr Speaker, I thank the Member for acknowledging the Singapore Armed Forces' (SAF's) established mental health support system in his Parliamentary Question in how we support Full-time National Servicemen (NSFs) with mental health needs.
To recap, then-Senior Minister of State for Defence, Mr Heng Chee How, had provided the description of the SAF's mental health support system in his response to Parliamentary Questions from Mr Desmond Choo and Dr Wan Rizal on 7 March 2024. The Member can refer to that reply as background information.
To the Member's question, in addition to the SAF's mental health support systems, the SAF has measures to support NSFs who face psychosocial stressors that may impact their mental health. These NSFs are identified through various touchpoints during their service, such as the Basic Military Training, through surveys and regular commander interviews. Where needed, their commanders will provide them support or refer them to relevant services. These include the SAF's financial assistance schemes, counselling as well as rehabilitation services.
We recognise that NSFs with psychosocial needs may benefit from the larger social support system. The SAF collaborates with partners on additional avenues of support where appropriate. For example, it works with the Ministry of Social and Family Development's Social Service Offices, and the community network of Family Service Centres to help those with added needs. So, doing so ensures the continuity of support for our NSFs after they complete National Service (NS).
We encourage NSFs who require assistance to reach out to their commanders, the SAF Mental Health Office or the SAF counselling hotline.
\t
\tMr Speaker: Dr Haresh Singaraju.
\tDr Haresh Singaraju (Nominated Member): I thank the Senior Minister of State for the reply. I have two supplementary questions. One, from the perspective of a public healthcare doctor, and another from an SAF medical officer and commander.
At this juncture, many NSFs who do see us in public healthcare do raise concerns in terms of the social strains they face during these times, and we are aware of social partners that can offer such help. I wonder if we can strengthen the communication between public healthcare and that of the SAF during their NS time, such that we can inform the commanders that these are gaps that the NSFs are facing, and therefore the kind of avenues that we can refer these NSFs to.
And on the other front, as an SAF medical officer and commander, I recognise that there are avenues to support these NSFs, in terms of the various social issues they present with. But is such education provided during the commander training, or even during the medical officer courses, such that once we recognise these psychosocial stressors, in terms of who we can refer to within the SAF, as well as externally? Because from my understanding currently, it is not in the curriculum.
\tMr Zaqy Mohamad: Thank you. On the first point, certainly, we welcome that. Today, with the Ministry of Social and Family Development and the social service offices, the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) is piloting Case Connect, where there is a direct link between our officers of medical health professionals as well the social service offices, in terms of being able to manage cases jointly. So, that is under pilot. But certainly, I will take it back to MINDEF to study how we can also integrate better with the public health system for professionals like yourselves, who can also provide feedback back into the system.
On the second one, let me check on this. Because generally, most of our unit commanders who oversee our NSF troops, for example, are trained and they do have schemes and mechanisms to support our NSFs – whether they have financial assistance requirements or whether there are external things that they may need, like rehabilitation services and counselling or family issues. We understand that there are different stressors, to which the unit commanders are charged to look after. And they have access to such schemes too.
However, I think one possibility is for the mental health professionals to also provide feedback to the unit.
But I take your point. Let us see how we can integrate this better and see how we can work this through in a more efficient way.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Due Diligence Checks by Banks and Safeguards Such As Deduction Limits for GIRO Transactions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"12 Ms Gho Sze Kee asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance in light of the issues with GIRO deductions faced by parents following the closure of a student care chain (a) whether the Minister can clarify what safeguards exist within the GIRO framework to prevent duplicate or erroneous debits; and (b) whether the Ministry will review the framework to strengthen consumer protections, including mandatory pre-debit notifications and consumer set limits on variable deductions.
13 Mr Shawn Loh asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance in addition to the limits-per-transaction for GIRO deductions and safeguards against scams, whether MAS will consider requiring banks to allow customers to set optional limits on the number or cumulative amount of deductions per billing period for individual GIRO arrangements, so as to improve customer control against bad actors or technical failure in company payment systems.
14 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether the Government can provide information on (a) what due diligence checks are banks required to conduct when onboarding a corporate customer for GIRO billing; and (b) whether banks are required to have suspicious transactions alerts when a billing organisation deducts multiple GIRO transactions from a customer in a short time span.
\tThe Minister of State for Trade and Industry (Mr Alvin Tan) (for the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance): Mr Speaker, Sir, can I have your permission to answer Question Nos 12 to 14 together on today's Order Paper?
\tMr Speaker: Please go ahead.
\tMr Alvin Tan: Sir, there are existing safeguards for the General Interbank Recurring Order (GIRO). Customers can set transaction limits on their GIRO payments. And banks also apply due diligence checks on GIRO billing organisations. These include checking that they are properly registered businesses and are not linked to any sanctioned or other criminal activities.
However, checks by banks may not always be able to prevent errors and potential misuse of GIRO. While such cases have been uncommon so far, we agree that the safeguards should be strengthened.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) is working with the Association of Banks in Singapore and member banks to strengthen safeguards. The review will consider measures including enabling customers to set monthly limits on the value and number of transactions and enhancing transaction monitoring and due diligence on billing organisations.
We will also consider suggestions by Ms Gho Sze Kee, Mr Melvin Yong and Mr Shawn Loh, and members of the public.
We also advise consumers to review their current GIRO arrangements and to set appropriate transaction limits with their banks and financial institutions.
There are also other non-GIRO payment options available to consumers including standing instructions to the bank for recurring monthly payments for an amount set by the customer.
\tMr Speaker: Ms Gho.
\tMs Gho Sze Kee (Mountbatten): I have one supplementary question. In the United Kingdom, the Bankers Automated Clearing Services operates widely used direct debit scheme that includes advance notice of payment amounts, a direct debit guarantee, allowing for immediate refunds in case of error and strong consumer recourse mechanisms.
So, in light of these established safeguards in other countries, could the Minister of State clarify whether Singapore's review of the GIRO framework would move towards incorporating such similar features?
\tMr Alvin Tan: Sir, I thank Ms Gho Sze Kee for her suggestion. Indeed, we will look into her suggestion and others as well.
I would say also that now, some of the banks have, for example, GIRO on-demand, where each deduction must be authorised individually before the bank processes the transaction. So, different banks have different ways either to implement safeguards or have different safeguards. But we will look into that suggestion. We will look into also setting monthly limits for transaction amounts and also, the value of transactions, and then, also, to enhance monitoring of transactions.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Shawn Loh.
\tMr Shawn Loh (Jalan Besar): Thank you, Mr Speaker. I thank the Minister of State for the update. I am very heartened to hear it, that MAS has agreed to do a review because the current level of consumer protections are not adequate.
I have two questions. The first one is how long will this review take?
And my second question is, while the review is ongoing, can MAS also increase public awareness of the protections offered to consumers, as well as the limitations? So, today, you can only set a limit per transaction, but consumers are not protected because agencies or organisations can have multiple deductions within that transaction limit. So, can public awareness be increased prior to the review being completed?
\tMr Alvin Tan: Sir, indeed, MAS will work with the banks, as well as financial institutions to raise awareness and public awareness of these. And in the review, we will start with lower-hanging fruits. Some of these may be effected in the short term, but major enhancements which involve system changes will need some time to be developed, tested and implemented. But we accept and we will take his views into account.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Melvin Yong.
\tMr Melvin Yong Yik Chye (Radin Mas): Sir, I thank the Minister of State for his reply, and we are heartened. The Consumer Association of Singapore (CASE) will be happy to work with MAS on consumer protection measures.
For consumers, we often use GIRO when we want to so call, \"set and forget\", recurring payments. And therefore, we acknowledge that while there is convenience of using GIRO, it also comes with trade-off, including the possibility of fraud. Many consumers regard GIRO as a secure and convenient means of payment, and therefore, we must put in place the necessary safeguards.
I want to ask whether there are existing thresholds or guidelines for banks to therefore flag anomalous GIRO deduction patterns? If not, whether MAS intends to introduce such standards for the banks? Because when we do GIRO, we forget about it and we expect that the banks protect us by monitoring certain patterns.
\tMr Alvin Tan: Sir, I thank the CASE Chairman and Member Mr Melvin Yong for working with MAS to also raise awareness about the use of GIRO.
As he mentioned earlier on, GIRO has its uses. For example, if you were to pay your monthly electricity bills, this affords convenience, because the bills will fluctuate from month to month. But there are also some downsides, and that is why this review will take into account what he, Ms Gho and Mr Shawn Loh have suggested, and that includes also enhance monitoring of transactions as well.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Protections for Platform Workers Affected by Food Delivery Platform Company's Exit from Singapore","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"15 Ms Yeo Wan Ling asked the Minister for Manpower in view of the recent announcement by a food delivery platform company to exit Singapore market which affects workers’ livelihoods, (a) what protections are in place to support the affected workers; (b) whether platform companies are required to provide notice and transition assistance; and (c) whether additional measures will be introduced to strengthen redeployment and income support during such disruptions.
\tThe Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Manpower (Mr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong) (for the Minister for Manpower): Mr Speaker, this question for oral answer has been addressed by written reply, to Question No 97 on the Order Paper for the 7 April 2026 Sitting. [Please refer to \"Help for Delivery Riders Affected by Recent Exit of Food Delivery Platform Company\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, to Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
\tMr Speaker: Ms Yeo.
\tMs Yeo Wan Ling (Punggol): Mr Speaker, I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for the reply. Could the Ministry elaborate how the Government ensures that platform operators have clearer responsibilities to their workers in such situations, particularly in terms of data, transparency and workers communication? So that our workers can receive timely information on changes that will affect their livelihoods and so that they can make informed decisions early.
And also, in light of such exits, could the Ministry also clarify whether there are plans to put in place a more structured framework, including coordinated support across agencies and industries?
I recall for this particular case, we had our Singapore Manual and Mercantile Workers' Association, as well as the National Delivery Champions Association from the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) coming in. But I do think that it would be good to have better coordination, so that there will be proactive matches to support our affected workers to alternative platforms or jobs.
And how do we ensure that the workers do not face prolonged income disruption, as well as hardship, and what kind of supports do we have for them during this transition?
\tMr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong: I thank the Member for her two supplementary questions. To share more, platform operators and platform work associations should continue their bilateral discussions on the information that can be provided to workers. This has been done before, especially on the transparency of earnings and so on.
And to better guide these discussions, NTUC has led many of these discussions, for example, with platform work associations, major platform operators, to agree on a set of industry-wide and accepted principles, in terms of payment and incentive structures. Some of these things were discussed: for example, fair earnings, visibility on structural changes, incentive schemes. These were announced on 11 September 2025 by NTUC. So, I encourage NTUC to continue with these discussions and use these platforms to do it collaboratively.
On the second supplementary question, in this particular case, I want to share that the food delivery operator, had really worked closely with Workforce Singapore (WSG) and also NTUC's Employment and Employability Institute to step in to offer job matching capabilities and also career coaching in times of need.
The platform operator also worked, like what Member has mentioned, with the Singapore Manual and Mercantile Workers' Union and the National Delivery Champions Association to facilitate their outreach and transition. I thank the union and association for stepping up and working collaboratively with NTUC on this.
In addition, there will always be disruptions when there are transitions. The platform work associations, together with NTUC, should continue to help. There are schemes out there, for example, if a platform worker would like to transition to full-time employment or to a different platform, they can always approach WSG with a suite of capabilities, SkillsFuture, as well as the Career Conversion Programmes. For low-wage platform workers, they can also approach the social services office to help with financial assistance.\t
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Key Factors for Strong Labour Market Demand for Engineers and Technology Specialists, While PMETs Face Retrenchments","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"16 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Minister for Manpower in view of strong hiring demand for engineers and technology specialists alongside rising retrenchments among Professionals, Managers, Executives and Technicians (PMETs) reported in the annual job vacancies report, what are the key factors driving this mismatch in the labour market.
\tThe Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Manpower (Mr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong) (for the Minister for Manpower): Mismatches in the labour market may be driven by shifts in skill requirements. For example, firms are expanding technology functions, driving sustained demand for jobs like AI engineers and engineering professionals, while restructuring other professional, manager, executive and technician (PMET) roles that have become easier to automate. Retrenched PMETs may lack the specific technical skills and experience to fulfil the requirements in in-demand engineering and technology specialist jobs.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Yong.
\tMr Melvin Yong Yik Chye (Radin Mas): Sir, I would like to ask the Senior Parliamentary Secretary have we done a study on the profiles of those PMETs who have been retrenched and also, what are the types of jobs that the market is looking for? And whether the Ministry has any plans to improve our job matching and reskilling interventions, so that we can better align displaced PMETs with available roles in these new areas of engineering and technology?
\t
And how does the Ministry then assess the effectiveness of such efforts to date, if they already exist?
\tMr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong: I thank the Member for the supplementary questions. In fact, to better understand the hiring landscape today, the hiring demand for PMETs remains higher than the number of PMET retrenchments. And many of the in-demand PMET jobs are actually in finance and infocomm. As of December 2025, these two sectors had PMET vacancies of 4,100 and 5,300 respectively. Comparatively, there were only 960 PMET retrenchments across both sectors for the last quarter of 2025. And in these particular sectors, the PMET retrenchments remain low relative to entire workforce size, and there remain ample opportunities available.
To that point, the Government will always continue to provide support for workers to upskill and reskill into these roles. To the Member's second point, for the Workforce Singapore (WSG), for the Career Conversion Programmes, we support workers to reskill into growth jobs and into longer-term prospects by provision of salary support to the employers. Over the last three years we have placed over 7,300 workers into tech and engineering related jobs through these Career Conversion Programmes. So, I encourage them to take it up.
Mr Speaker: Dr Neo Kok Beng.
\tDr Neo Kok Beng (Nominated Member): Thank you, Sir. I would like to ask: in the case of a professional conversion programme, especially for engineers and technologists who are retrenched, is it possible to propose for the WSG to work with professional institutions to design programmes that are directly relevant to the industry, rather than take up courses that are designed by the universities or the polytechnics?
\tMr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong: I thank the Member. Can the Member repeat the question, please?
\tDr Neo Kok Beng: Yes, my question simply means that whether the Ministry or WSG will consider developing or working with professional institutions for those particular professions or trade to develop programmes that are relevant directly to the industries, rather than looking at programmes that are developed by the universities or the other academic institutions?
\tMr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong: Yes, I thank the Member for the question. The answer is yes. In fact, the WSG does work very closely with the institutes of higher learning to make sure that these courses are industry relevant, especially for the professional societies.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Flexibility Extended to Home Buyers Affected by Earlier-than-expected BTO Completion","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"17 Ms Poh Li San asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether HDB will exercise flexibility towards home buyers affected by earlier than expected BTO completion; and (b) whether HDB will consider (i) flexibility for the second downpayment timeline (ii) transitional support for young working adults or (iii) any other practical arrangements for buyers who face genuine difficulty because their flats are completed significantly earlier than projected.
\tThe Senior Minister of State for National Development (Ms Sun Xueling) (for the Minister for National Development): In 2025, about 30% of Build-To-Order (BTO) blocks were completed earlier than their estimated completion dates at the point of flat booking. On average, these blocks were completed about two months earlier.
To assist the buyers with their planning and housing arrangements, the Housing and Development Board (HDB) notifies them at three junctures: one year before, six months before and three months before the expected completion of their flat. These include any updates to their flat’s probable completion date and the latest probable completion date is also available to buyers when they log into their accounts on the MyHDB Page.
When their flats are ready, buyers are required to collect their keys and pay the balance flat price within a month. Those who face difficulties due to early completions can approach HDB for assistance. HDB may provide key collection deferrals to buyers who need additional time to sell their existing flat or work out their financing arrangements.
Mr Speaker: Ms Poh Li San.
\tMs Poh Li San (Sembawang West): Thank you, Speaker, and I thank the Senior Minister of State for her reply. I have a supplementary question on such an arrangement for existing flat owners who require back-to-back sale of their existing homes to finance their BTO flats. So, if there is an earlier-than-expected BTO readiness, they do not have sufficient time to sell the flat, especially in a down cycle market. Will HDB further extend beyond the usual six months period, to allow them a bit more time to do so?
\tMs Sun Xueling: I thank the Member for her question. Earlier, I mentioned in my reply that the HDB notifies buyers at three junctures. This is to give buyers adequate time to plan. And that is why it is at the one year before, six months before and three months before. So, this is to give them adequate time to plan for what they should do with their previous flat, their existing flat, as the Member mentioned.
But in situations where they are already in financial difficulty and are not able to match the back-to-back arrangements, HDB will step in to see how they can facilitate the arrangements so that both the buyers and the sellers, in this instance, can find an acceptable arrangement that works for the both of them.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Mandatory Government Security Vetting for Personnel with Access to Singapore’s Critical Information Infrastructure","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"18 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information (a) whether the Ministry will introduce mandatory, centralised government security vetting for personnel with access to Singapore’s critical information infrastructure to mitigate insider threats; and (b) if not, how the Ministry ensures that current employer-led vetting of personnel, including foreign nationals, in sensitive technical roles is sufficiently robust against sophisticated state-sponsored cyber threats.
\tThe Minister for Digital Development and Information (Mrs Josephine Teo): Mr Speaker, insider threats are just one of a multitude of threats facing our critical information infrastructure (CIIs). Under the Cybersecurity Act, owners of CIIs are required to put in place access management controls and processes to monitor for anomalies and suspicious activities in these systems. Upon detection of any unauthorised activity, CII owners are required to investigate such anomalies. These controls mitigate potential insider threats or any other threats.
The Government takes the cybersecurity of our CIIs very seriously. We will continue to review the standards we require and consider further enhancements that could be effective.
Mr Speaker: Mr Gerald Giam.
\tMr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Aljunied): I thank the Minister for the reply. I am asking more in terms of dealing with the issue upstream, in terms of vetting personnel. And given that many technical experts in our telco and energy sectors are foreign nationals, what specific assistance does the Cyber Security Agency provide to private CII owners to verify the backgrounds of such individuals? And could the Ministry introduce a tiered vetting system, where personnel with super user or administrator access rights to our sensitive core areas of our CII must undergo Government-led G50 security clearance, just like public servants and vendors who access our Government systems?
\tMrs Josephine Teo: Mr Speaker, if we are serious about mitigating against insider threats, we should not assume that any particular profile of someone who is able to access the system is more or less likely to commit nefarious activities. This is the first point I want to put across. You do not want to have a preconceived idea that this profile would necessarily be safer than another profile. If you want to be able to defend against as many insider threats as possible, you have to assume that every single person that has access to the system could pose an insider threat.
Second, we also do not assume that security vetting is a silver bullet. If a nefarious actor is determined to infiltrate the system and they know that there is a vetting process of some sort, then clearly, it would be an effort on their part to overcome whatever it is that would stand in the way of them clearing a vetting system. So, a vetting system is also not a silver bullet.
Thirdly, in cybersecurity, today we operate with the concept of zero trust, meaning that you decide in terms of how you architect the access controls, and you provide what is known as least privileged access, for every single one who has access to the system, you design the access controls in such a way that they only access what they are supposed to access in order to get the job done.
Then, you need to put in place a robust system so that you never trust, you always verify whether a user is accessing the part of the system that they should access.
Then, you need the system to monitor, to look at suspicious behaviour, whether there was a user that attempted to go beyond the access privileges that were granted. And you are very careful about who you provide more access to.
That is the approach that we take, rather than to think that just because we have done security vetting upstream, other controls are not as important; or since they have cleared vetting, then it is safe. We do not make that sort of assumption. Security by design means that you have all these multiple layers of defences in order to be able to guard against the cyber risk.
Mr Speaker: Mr Gerald Giam.
\tMr Gerald Giam Yean Song: I thank the Minister for her reply. I agree that we should not assume any of these things and we should not assume that just because someone is security cleared, therefore they are safe to continue using the systems.
But in this age of cybersecurity threats and Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), should we not consider that aligning the security clearance of our CII personnel, especially those with access to sensitive systems, with public servants? Because our all public servants have to go through this standard security vetting. Why not we extend that to CII personnel as well?
\tMrs Josephine Teo: Mr Speaker, I think I addressed the Member's question, which is that where it is useful and relevant to do so for certain types of cybersecurity accesses, yes, we do have measures in place to ensure that the persons accessing them fit the right conditions and we have no concerns.
But we do not publicly reveal all the requirements that we put in place, and that is for obvious security reasons. Because if it was so plain, if you state it so clearly that there is this particular process and once you clear it, that is it. Then, that becomes the easiest thing to overcome.
So, I take the Member's point. It is not the case that there is no vetting. It depends on what the activity is.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Measures to Ensure Accessibility of Creative Workspaces for Tenant Artists, Including Those at Goodman Arts Centre","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"19 Ms Gho Sze Kee asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth with rentals at Goodman Arts Centre set to increase significantly (a) what measures are being considered to help tenant artists cope; and (b) what longer-term plans are there to ensure that affordable creative workspaces remain accessible to arts practitioners.
\tThe Minister of State for Culture, Community and Youth (Mr Baey Yam Keng) (for the Minister for\tCulture, Community and Youth): The National Arts Council (NAC) champions Singapore’s arts sector and recognises that arts infrastructure is key to the development of a vibrant arts ecosystem.
In land-scarce Singapore, NAC works closely with Government agencies and private sector players to unlock and diversify arts spaces. Today, the total arts gross floor area tracked by NAC currently stands at 94,000 square metres, which is a 42% increase since 2010.
Affordable workspaces are also key to ensuring our artists and arts groups remain financially sustainable. To support our arts sector, NAC provides such spaces at rates below commercial rental levels.
In considering the need for any rates adjustment, NAC takes into account rising operational costs for the maintenance of these spaces and the need to ensure that the revised rates remain affordable compared to other commercial spaces in the vicinity and other arts spaces.
The Goodman Arts Centre provides a total of 77 units across both short-term venues and longer-term housing options. This includes 26 Project Studios for flexible short-term tenancies of up to 12 months for artists who have project-specific needs and 51 units under the Framework for Arts Spaces scheme which supports arts groups up to nine years and is subvented by NAC at up to 80%.
The rental rates for Project Studios were last reviewed in 2012 and the Arts House Group, the appointed operator for the Goodman Arts Centre, has absorbed rising operational costs since then. Although the Arts House Group had begun to engage arts tenants on a rate increase for greater sustainability, it will defer rate increases in 2026 to support arts tenants during this period of heightened economic uncertainty arising from the conflict in the Middle East. NAC and the Arts House Group will review the rates at the end of this year for 2027.
\t
In parallel, NAC is studying the sector's longer-term needs and has been engaging and consulting the arts sector on their spatial needs and affordability of arts spaces. In planning for the future, NAC will take steps to ensure that arts spaces remain accessible and affordable for artists and arts groups.
NAC also supports artists and arts groups through existing grants, such as the Creation Grant, Presentation and Participation Grant, which funds the creation, production and presentation costs of our artists and arts groups.
Mr Speaker: Ms Gho.
Ms Gho Sze Kee (Mountbatten): Sir, Mr Speaker, I note that the premises at the Goodman Arts Centre are ultimately Government-owned and leased to the Arts House Group, a non-profit under the NAC, which also operates other arts places such as the Aliwal Art Centre and the Stamford Art Centre. Given this, I would just like to ask if the other centres are facing similar cost pressures or viability challenges, and if so, whether there is a broader review under way to ensure that such government-supported creator spaces remain affordable and sustainable for arts practitioners over the long term?
\t
\tMr Baey Yam Keng: I thank Ms Gho for her concern for the arts and the artists. Indeed, it is part of our commitment to provide affordable, accessible spaces for artists and arts groups.
We have announced last year that we are doing a study on how the arts spaces provision can be better improved and the study is ongoing. We will be sharing the findings and recommendations when we are ready.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Reviewing Income Eligibility Thresholds for Financial Assistance Schemes given Cost-of-Living Pressures","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"20 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Minister for Social and Family Development given global uncertainties and sustained cost-of-living pressures on low-income families, (a) whether the income eligibility thresholds for financial assistance schemes will be reviewed to ensure they remain adequate; and (b) whether ComCare short-to-medium-term assistance quantum is periodically benchmarked against core inflation and if not, whether Ministry will consider doing so.
The Minister of State for Social and Family Development (Mr Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim) (for the Minister for Social and Family Development): Mr Speaker, the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) reviews the ComCare per capita household income benchmark regularly. The current gross monthly per capita household income benchmark of $800 and below is an indicative benchmark and not a qualifying criterion. Families who are above the benchmark but have valid needs may still be assisted with ComCare on a case-by-case basis.
The ComCare assistance rates are also regularly adjusted to ensure adequate support. The ComCare Short-to-Medium-Term assistance quantum accounts for projected inflation.
For cost-of-living concerns, there is also support in other forms, such as the Assurance Package, which has been enhanced with additional cash, U-Save, service and conservancy charge rebates, and Community Development Council (CDC) vouchers over the years.
MSF is monitoring the situation closely on how the low-income families are being impacted by the current economic situations and conditions. We are prepared to make adjustments as needed.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Cai.
\tMr Cai Yinzhou (Bishan-Toa Payoh): I thank the Minister of State for the clarification. My supplementary question is similar to the $200 cash disbursement for platform workers to cushion rising fuel prices. Can we also consider some immediate stopgap disbursement for ComCare recipients, especially those with young children who have very little buffers to begin with?
\t
\tMr Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim: Mr Speaker, I thank the Member for the supplementary question. Our reviews take into consideration data on expenditure for basic living needs, projected inflation and also views from social service professionals who work closely with our low-income families. The benchmark itself is not a criterion that automatically qualifies or disqualifies a household from ComCare. It approximates a gross monthly income at which households may qualify for assistance.
As mentioned in yesterday's clarification by my colleague, Minister of State Goh Pei Ming yesterday during the Ministerial Statement relating to the Middle East conflict, it was clarified that the ComCare assistance rates were reviewed only a year ago and MSF had already factored in some inflation assumptions so that the threshold is still within the buffer.
Besides this, there are also other general support and measures announced yesterday as well to provide enhanced support for Singaporean families, not just the lower-income households. For example, CDC vouchers of $500 will be brought forward to June 2026. The Cost-of-Living Special Payment has also been enhanced, and eligible Singaporeans can receive up to $400 to $600 in September 2026. For families who are on ComLink+, they are also eligible for the enhanced payout measures that have already been announced in this year's Budget and Committee of Supply.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Effect of Closures of Small F&B Shops on Neighbourhood Vibrancy, Social Cohesion and Community Resilience","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"The following question stood in the name of Ms Mariam Jaafar –
21 To ask the Minister for National Development in light of recent closures of small retail and food and beverage (F&B) shops in the heartlands (a) whether the Government has assessed how these closures affect neighbourhood vibrancy, social cohesion, and long-term community resilience; and (b) what concrete measures are being taken to sustain local commercial diversity.
\tMs Poh Li San (Sembawang West): Question No 21.
The Senior Minister of State for National Development (Ms Sun Xueling) (for the Minister for National Development): Vacancy rates for Housing and Development Board (HDB) rental shops have remained low and stable over the past five years. Some amount of churn is healthy, as it allows less competitive businesses to exit and new businesses to enter, which provide products and services that can better meet the needs of residents.
HDB uses trade mix controls for HDB rental shops to ensure a good variety of shops to serve residents. When there are vacancies, HDB will assess the trade designation and tender them out as soon as possible.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Listing of Foreign Organisations That May Pose Security Concerns and Advisory for Citizens Volunteering Overseas","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"22 Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Government will make public a list of foreign organisations that may pose concerns to Singapore’s national security for awareness; and (b) if so, how frequently will the list and activities of such organisations monitored and reviewed.
23 Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) what formal channels are available for Singaporeans to seek guidance before participating in overseas activities linked to foreign organisations; and (b) whether a centralised point of contact will be established.
24 Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Government will consider introducing advisories or requirements for Singaporeans intending to volunteer with foreign organisations; and (b) how will it calibrate the balance between mitigating security risks and ensuring practical compliance.
\tThe Senior Minister of State for Home Affairs (Ms Sim Ann) (for the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs): Mr Speaker, may I have your permission to answer Question Nos 22, 23 and 24?
\tMr Speaker: Please proceed.
\tMs Sim Ann: Today, the Government publishes lists of individuals and entities published for specific purposes related to national security. For example, certain foreign organisations designated as terrorist entities are listed in the First Schedule to the Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act. There are no plans to make public a broader list of foreign organisations that may pose concerns to Singapore's national security. Such a list may give rise to operational and security risks.
Regular publicity and outreach efforts are conducted to raise public awareness of security threats, including from foreign organisations of concern such as foreign terrorist groups. We have also publicly stated that Singaporeans should not participate in foreign armed conflicts, and should exercise particular care in dealing with organisations with links to foreign militaries or foreign security and intelligence agencies.
There are also restrictions and responsibilities under various statutes such as the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act, in relation to membership in a foreign legislature or foreign political organisation, or the United Nations Act which includes prohibitions against providing technical advice, assistance or training to designated foreign persons, entities and organisations.
Where necessary, the Government will issue travel advisories on overseas developments that may have security implications.
Singaporeans should exercise due diligence and err on the side of caution when in doubt. It is ultimately every individual's responsibility to ensure that they comply with our laws and not act in a manner prejudicial to Singapore’s national interest.
\tMr Speaker: Ms Hazlina.
\tMs Hazlina Abdul Halim (East Coast): I thank the Senior Minister of State for the clarification. There was a lot of interest with regard to the two individuals who were found to be volunteering with an Israeli military-linked organisation that points to the interest and the requirement for increased awareness.
The Senior Minister of State earlier talked about awareness campaigns. Could we have a bit more colour and a bit more sharing on the partnerships, whether it is an inter-agency approach, whether it is an approach with community organisations or going upstream to schools? So that this awareness can go upstream and it is with clarity that we understand while we are looking for international experiences that national security is always a key concern.
Ms Sim Ann: Sir, we have a national movement to prepare Singaporeans against terrorism – SGSecure. This is one way through which we disseminate important information so that Singaporeans are aware of security risks.
Also, when there are cases that the Member Ms Hazlina has raised, we have also amplified existing messages through the media and ultimately, it is very important for Singaporeans to have a good grasp of what our national interests are. This is something that we have discussed repeatedly in this House.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Subsidies for Private Speech and Occupational Therapy Sessions for Autistic Children","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"25 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) whether the Ministry will consider extending subsidies to parents for costs incurred at private speech and occupational therapy providers for autistic children; and (b) what measures are being taken to reduce the financial burden on middle-income families whose children require more intensive therapy sessions than those currently provided under the Early Intervention Programme for Infants and Children (EIPIC).
\tThe Minister of State for Social and Family Development (Mr Goh Pei Ming) (for the Minister for Social and Family Development): The Early Childhood Development Agency (ECDA) funds both Early Intervention Programme for Infants and Children (EIPIC), delivered by social service agencies, and EIPIC-P, delivered by appointed private providers. Means-tested fee caps are established to ensure that operators provide quality services at an affordable fee. A median income family pays up to $210 a month for EIPIC and $360 a month for EIPIC-P.
Both EIPIC and EIPIC-P programmes are delivered by a trans-disciplinary team of professionals including early intervention educators, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists and social workers. Under these programmes, each child, including those with a confirmed or suspected autism diagnosis, has an Individualised Education Plan tailored to their developmental needs and goals. This plan is developed and regularly reviewed by early intervention professionals in consultation with Allied Health Professionals and families. Enrolled children typically receive five to 12 hours of intervention conducted over two or three sessions every week, with the frequency and duration of the sessions tailored according to the level of support the child needs.
Families may consult their early intervention professionals on their child's Individualised Education Plan to address the needs of the child. Parents who wish to seek supplementary intervention beyond those provided under EIPIC or EIPIC-P may also tap on the Child Development Account (CDA) to pay for additional early intervention services by early intervention providers registered with ECDA.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Tan.
\tMr Dennis Tan Lip Fong (Hougang): Thank you, Speaker. I thank the Minister of State for his reply. Would the Ministry consider a tiered co-payment model for private providers similar to the EIPIC-P scheme where middle-income families can pay a regulated rate for a fixed number of additional private therapy hours to supplement their child's public intervention?
Two, given that EIPIC typically offers only two to four hours intervention weekly, many children may require additional private sessions. Would the Ministry consider allowing the use of the CDA funds for a wider range of accredited private therapies without depleting the basic EIPIC subsidy?
Mr Goh Pei Ming: Mr Speaker, I thank the Member for his question. I think there are two parts to his question. First, in terms of private providers, from ECDA's perspective, we strongly recommend that parents go with the list of service providers registered with ECDA. This is also the Government's way of regulating services and controlling costs. So, that is the first point.
And if there are gaps within the list provided by ECDA, based on what the Member has gotten feedback from, we will be open to reviewing it but, based on what we know, the list of service providers under ECDA's list is comprehensive, and we stand guided by what the Member has given as feedback.
\t
Based on the number of hours that each child receives in terms of early intervention, it is based on what, like I mentioned earlier, the early intervention professionals meeting together with the families, taking into account all the professionals' inputs to deliver an individualised plan. And based on that plan, there is a certain guideline in terms of how many hours and what is the frequency, the dosage of treatment. I think that is what the professionals deem as required.
Sometimes, parents may choose to do even more, but that is not what the professionals would say are cardinal. Therefore, if parents choose to use additional sessions, they can use the CDA account funds to pay for those.
But what the individualised plan recommends is the requirement dosage based on professionals' input and based on the list of the providers that ECDA has engaged, all specialised services that are required will be fulfilled through that list and will be catered under the individualised plan.
Mr Speaker: Senior Parliamentary Secretary Shawn Huang, do you have a clarification to make?
The Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Manpower (Mr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong): Thank you, Mr Speaker.
With regard to Parliamentary Question No 16, I would just like to clarify that Career Conversion Programmes provide salary support to employers. Thank you. [Please refer to \"Key Factors for Strong Labour Market Demand for Engineers and Technology Specialists, While PMETs Face Retrenchments\", Official Report, 8 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 28, Oral Answers to Questions section.]
Mr Speaker: Order. End of Question Time.
[Pursuant to Standing Order No 22(3), provided that Members had not asked for questions standing in their names to be postponed to a later Sitting day or withdrawn, written answers to questions not reached by the end of Question Time are reproduced in the Appendix.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Clarification by Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OS","content":"Mr Speaker: Clarification by Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs.
The Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (Mr K Shanmugam): Speaker, I would like to make a clarification in relation to a written answer that was made on 3 February 2026.
In response to a Parliamentary Question filed by Ms Valerie Lee on the number of traffic accidents linked to vape or drug abuse, I said in our response that between 2023 and 2025, 77 accidents were suspected drug and/or etomidate use, and that 25 of these were suspected of drug use. The remainder were suspected of etomidate use and two of these cases included suspected drug use. [Please refer to \"Quarterly Statistics on Traffic Accidents from 2023 to 2025 Linked to Substance Use and Traffic Police Assessment Protocols for Such Cases\", Official Report, 3 February 2026, Vol 96, Issue 15, Written Answers to Questions section.]
Sir, I would like to clarify for the record that 38 traffic accidents were linked to drug and/or etomidate use: 19 were drug cases, 12 were etomidate cases and seven involved were both drugs and etomidate. Thank you, Sir.
Mr Speaker: Order. Introduction of Government Bills.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Skills and Workforce Development Agency Bill","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"BI","content":"[(proc text) \"to establish the Skills and Workforce Development Agency, to repeal the SkillsFuture Singapore Agency Act 2016 and the Workforce Singapore Agency Act 2003, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts\", (proc text)]
[(proc text) presented by the Minister of State for Manpower (Mr Dinesh Vasu Dash), on behalf of the Minister for Manpower, read the First time; to be read a Second time on the next available Sitting of Parliament, and to be printed. (proc text)]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"BP","content":"[(proc text) Resumption of Debate on Question [7 April 2026], (proc text)]
[(proc text) \"That the Bill be now read a Second Time.\" – [Minister for Sustainability and the Environment]. (proc text)]
[(proc text) Question again proposed. (proc text)]
Mr Speaker: Mr Yip Hon Weng.
Mr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang): Mr Speaker, Sir, today, as we debate the Bill, the world is being reminded how fragile energy security is. With the escalating war in the Middle East threatening the Strait of Hormuz, a lifeline for nearly one-fifth of global oil, volatile markets and rising prices are not distant news. They are our immediate reality.
We cannot control global supply, but we can control our dependence on it. As Chair of the Defence and Foreign Affairs Government Parliamentary Committee, I see energy security as inseparable from national security. Conservation is no longer just climate policy. It is essential cost-of-living and economic policy. Every watt we save is a watt we do not have to import for.
I support this Bill because it closes a critical gap. Today, our Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and Mandatory Energy Labelling Scheme (MELS) apply only to local suppliers, leaving goods imported directly for one's own use unregulated. A gap in policy becomes a liability in a crisis. It allows inefficient equipment to be locked into our system and lets those who bypass the rules undercut compliant businesses. Even if direct imports are less than 10% today, we must close this gap before it grows.
What we allow into our system today determines the bills we pay tomorrow. The principles of this Bill are sound, but its success depends on implementation. To ensure it works fairly and affordably on the ground, I have four areas of clarification.
First, Mr Speaker, Sir, affordability. We know that energy efficient products are cheaper over time. A commercial refrigerator can have lifecycle costs about 30% lower than a non-compliant one. However, most energy efficient products come with a premium. Households and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) do not live in lifecycle calculations. They live with immediate budgets and cash flow constraints.
Are we doing enough to help households and businesses bridge the gap between higher upfront costs and lower long-term savings? Are existing schemes such as the Climate Friendly Household Programme, the Energy Efficiency Grant and the Resource Efficiency Grant sufficient for those most affected?
If direct imports are currently less than 10%, what is the projected cost impact on households and SMEs when these amendments take effect? Will compliant models remain competitively priced, or will a persistent green premium emerge? How will the Ministry ensure that grants and subsidies remain responsive to market price fluctuations, so that no household or SME is left behind? The right choice must also be the affordable choice.
Second, Mr Speaker, Sir, consumer protection in the digital marketplace. The Bill empowers the Government to regulate online advertisements, require energy efficiency information and take down non-compliant listings. Will enforcement be proactive rather than reactive? Will platforms be required to screen listings before they appear, rather than only remove them after a breach is reported? Will consumers have a simple and accessible way to verify whether a product is compliant before making a purchase? If a non-compliant listing is removed after payment has been made, what protections will consumers have? Will marketplace operators be required to facilitate refunds or stop deliveries? How will responsibility be allocated among marketplace operators, sellers and importers? Consumer protection must begin before check-out, not after complaints.
Third, Mr Speaker, Sir, implementation and transition. The transition timeline is short. Three months may not be sufficient for households amid renovation, SMEs amid procurement, or businesses with goods already in transit. With the new requirements, importers must register goods, maintain records and potentially provide samples for testing. How onerous will these compliance requirements be, particularly for individuals and SMEs importing for their own use? If compliance is too complex, compliance will fail.
Fourth, Mr Speaker, Sir, transparency and proportionality. The Bill grants the Director-General the power to impose, modify, or revoke conditions even after registration. What principles will guide the exercise of these powers and will they be clearly communicated to businesses? Why do such decisions take effect immediately even when an appeal is filed? As new offences are introduced, including cases where goods are later used in ways that would have made the original import non-compliant, how will the Government distinguish between deliberate circumvention and genuine misunderstanding? Will the Ministry provide regular reporting to Parliament on waivers granted, appeals outcomes and enforcement trends? Strong powers must come with strong accountability.
In conclusion, Mr Speaker, Sir, this Bill is necessary but insufficient. Because energy conservation does not begin and end with regulation. The International Energy Agency has outlined practical measures to reduce demand quickly, including working from home, reducing unnecessary travel, improving driving efficiency and encouraging public transport use. The cheapest energy is the energy we do not use.
So, we must go further. Will the public sector lead the way by institutionalising air-conditioning temperature standards across Government buildings? Are we promoting operational efficiency across our fleets and industries, such as incentivising eco-driving certifications for commercial fleets? Does the Ministry have a playbook for temporary, targeted conservation measures, such as remote work arrangements or speed limit adjustments, should supply disruptions worsen? Because energy security is built not just by policy, but by behaviour, incentives and collective discipline.
We began this speech with a world in crisis, where conflict far beyond our shores can disrupt something as fundamental as energy. We cannot control that conflict. We cannot control global prices. We cannot control supply shocks. But we can control how we respond.
Today, I have asked four things. Whether this Bill will remain affordable. Whether consumers will be protected in the digital marketplace. Whether implementation will be fair during transition. And whether enforcement powers will be exercised transparently. I have also suggested that beyond regulation, we must act decisively to reduce demand and strengthen efficiency. Because if we get this right, energy conservation will not feel like a burden. It will feel like relief. Relief from rising costs, uncertainty and vulnerability.
And let us be reminded that this is not just an energy policy. It is a test of how we prepare Singapore for an uncertain world. Because in a world that we cannot control, the strength of Singapore will depend on what we choose to control, what we choose to conserve and what we choose to secure. Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Bill.
Mr Speaker: Mr Foo Cexiang.
Mr Foo Cexiang (Tanjong Pagar): Mr Speaker, in today's world, the case for energy conservation could not be stronger. Many of us are familiar with MEPS as well as MELS. They facilitate choices towards more energy efficient appliances, such as refrigerators, televisions and air-conditioners. This Bill seeks to extend the METS and MELS requirements to importers of regulated goods, such as the appliances I mentioned earlier, including for those for own usage. This will ensure consistent application of the requirements, while also not overly restricting consumer choices.
I would like to raise a few points and seek clarifications from the Senior Minister of State.
First, I would like to highlight two clauses in the Bill.
Clause 7 of the Bill amends the Energy Conservation Act to require an importer of regulated goods for their own use to register the regulated good(s), “even if another importer has already so registered such regulated good(s)”.
Can the Senior Minister of State clarify why this is required? Is the intent to keep track of the identity and number of importers of the specific regulated goods, even if it has already been registered by an importer? Regardless, would the agency consider a more streamlined approach for subsequent importers of already registered regulated goods.
For example, can the agency update the specific model/type of regulated good(s) in its Database of Registered Goods for general awareness that it has been registered, and waive certain requirements for subsequent importers, such as the requirement to provide test reports, ISO certifications and so on, which would already have been provided by the original importer. This would reduce the regulatory burden for subsequent importers.
Next, clause 12 of the Bill amends the Energy Conservation Act such that the Director-General may require an individual importer of regulated goods for their own use to provide free of charge samples to the Director-General for the purpose of testing or analysis, and any other document that the Director-General requires.
It is quite likely that for importers who are importing for their own use to only import one piece of the good, so it could perhaps, be challenging for them to provide “free of charge” samples to the Director-General for the purpose of testing and analysis. So, I seek a clarification again on the need for this.
Next, I would also like to highlight two points in relation to the implementation of the amendments in the Bill.
First, the extension of the MEPS and MELS requirements to importers will likely rely on existing processes for the registration of the regulated goods. However, the existing processes, as I understand, are designed for suppliers, retailers, importers and manufacturers that supply or sell regulated goods. These are typically companies or businesses.
It is important therefore that the registration processes be modified or streamlined to be relevant for individual importers, including individuals or households that do the same. For example, the current Energy Labelling Scheme (ELS) Portal for registration relies on Corppass, which are for businesses and companies. It may also need to be adapted to allow for the use of Singpass by individual importers.
Second, the application for the registration of regulated goods involves fees that are chargeable between $70 and $85, depending on the type of regulated goods. I urge the agency to consider whether these charges for individual importers can be waived or whether there can be a tiered registration system. Mr Speaker, notwithstanding my clarifications, I support the Bill.
Mr Speaker: Senior Minister of State Janil.
The Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment (Dr Janil Puthucheary): Mr Speaker, I would like to thank Members for their support, their questions and their comments on the Bill. All the Members who have spoken had indicated their support for the Bill and its intent to extend MEPS and MELS to regulated goods imported by end users for own use.
In answering their questions and comments, I would like to begin by clarifying that only certain common appliances, such as air-conditioners and refrigerators are covered under the Energy Conservation Act and this Bill. As mentioned in my opening speech, equipment, such as electric vehicles chargers, are not currently covered under the Energy Conservation Act and National Environment Agency's (NEA's) website has a list of regulated goods.
The volume of regulated goods imported for own use is small for now especially when we consider appliances, such as air-conditioners and refrigerators. The concern is that this could increase over time given the proliferation of online marketplaces, making it easier for consumers to import such regulated goods for their use. We have also noticed that some businesses are also directly importing regulated goods, such as commercial storage refrigerators, for their own use. And so, that is part of the need to introduce the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill to ensure a level playing field for both users and suppliers of regulated goods in Singapore, many of which are SMEs, and which are already complying with the Energy Conservation Act and for us to also improve our overall energy efficiency in Singapore.
Several Members have asked about the Government's plans to reduce compliance burden for end users arising from the proposed amendments and have made suggestions to streamline the registration process and user journey, such as waiving test report requirements for regulated goods if these Goods had been demonstrated to be MEPS-compliant by prior importers.
Sir, the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment and NEA have conducted public consultations regarding the proposed amendments. The stakeholders we have consulted, which range from local suppliers of regulated goods, businesses and technical experts from our institutes of higher learning have all been broadly supportive of the proposed amendments. They have also provided feedback to reduce the compliance requirements and ensure practicality for end users and we have incorporated their feedback into this Bill.
For example, we have excluded lights from the Bill because regulating them will impose a disproportionate compliance burden on end users, such as households that occasionally import a few lights. Lights are less energy intensive compared to other regulated goods and typically consumer 10 times less energy than appliances, such as refrigerators, and constitute less than 6% of household energy consumption. We will continue to monitor the import of lights for own use and if needed, explore the extension of regulations to cover such imports.
Sir, the new compliance requirements are not expected to be onerous.
Currently, local suppliers are subject to a registration fee of about $70 per model to register their models for local supply with NEA. We have taken in the feedback to reduce the compliance burden on end users who are importing regulated goods for their own use, and they typically cannot spread the registration costs across multiple units. So, therefore, the registration and renewal fees on end users who import regulated goods for their own use will be waived.
Similar to local suppliers, all end users importing the regulated goods for own use will be required to register them with NEA to demonstrate the MEPS and MELS compliance, regardless of whether another importer or manufacturer has registered such goods. The reason for this is, there needs to then be an assignment of responsibility for the act of importing this particular good and that this particular report matches the good as declared. And so, it is the person who is conducting the import for own use who has to take on that responsibility. NEA can accept test reports provided by equipment manufacturers for registration of regulated goods. Suppliers and end users are not required to obtain additional independent test reports beyond those provided by the equipment manufacturers for registration.
To avoid incurring unnecessary import costs, end users are also encouraged to register their regulated good prior to import to ensure that the good is MEPS- and MELS-compliant. As I have previously explained, to do so prior to import incurs no cost for the end user importing for their own use. We will continue to review and streamline the registration process as needed.
NEA will upgrade the ELS Portal for a better user experience for those applying to register their appliance. End users will be able to use Singpass, similar to how businesses currently use Corppass to access the ELS Portal and register. NEA will provide more information in due course.
Mr Foo Cexiang highlighted challenges for individuals and households in providing free samples of the regulated goods imported for own use, which the Director-General may require under clause 12 of the Bill for the purpose of testing or analysis. The Act does provide levers for NEA to obtain samples to, such as in the case of a business that may bulk import regulated goods for their own use. But I would like to assure Mr Foo and Members of the House that testing analysis is only conducted on regulated goods on a needs-basis and only where it is feasible to do so.
Mr Yip Hon Weng and Mr Muhaimin Malik asked about the Government's approach to allow the Director-General to exercise powers to impose, modify or revoke conditions after registration and the approach for appeals. I would like to assure Members that the Government would only invoke these powers only on a needs-basis and a reasonable time period will be accorded for the review, allow for rectifications and to process the appeals.
There will be instances where the Government would require swift rectifications to prevent the further circulation or further sale of non-compliant regulated goods. As set out in clause 7 of the Bill, the Director-General must, before imposing or modifying any condition for registration, give written notice to the holder of the registration stating the proposed condition or modification, and provide time for the holder of the registration to make written representations with regard to the proposed modifications. The Act also expressly allows any importer or manufacturer aggrieved by the decision to file an appeal to the Minister.
Mr Dennis Tan asked how the Government would ensure regulated goods would remain MEPS-compliant after import, particularly those controlled by the manufacturers or third parties through software embedded within the regulated goods.
To balance the regulatory burden and energy efficiency outcomes, we have adopted a practical approach to apply MEPS and MELS requirements at the point of import only for own use, similar to the current regulations that apply requirements at the point of local supply. And I would emphasise this point that this is the regime that is in place currently for local suppliers, and the opportunities and hypotheticals that Mr Dennis Tan had provided within the speech potentially exist today, but they do not appear to be a material problem at this point. Nevertheless, we will continue to monitor the situation and if NEA has information that approved regulated goods have low energy efficiencies during actual operation, we will investigate, conduct additional tests and audits and follow-up as necessary.
SMEs may import regulated goods for own use through intermediaries, such as contractors or interior designers. In such cases, it is the intermediary importing the regulated goods for subsequent supply to the SME that would be responsible for compliance.
Like all other end users directly import regulated goods for their own use, franchisees must ensure that the regulated goods that they import for their own use comply with the MEPS and MELS requirements.
NEA will issue press releases and circulars to inform end users and businesses about the new regulations and will also engage key stakeholders, including the food and beverage businesses through industry associations, such as the Restaurant Association of Singapore, to ensure that businesses and industries understand the new regulations and their responsibilities. NEA will also conduct checks on business establishments as needed, and conduct enforcement in response to whistle-blowing reports.
We have assessed that there is no need to introduce controls at the point of import at this time. So, the questions around Singapore Customs, and the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority, we have assessed that there is no need for these types of controls at this point. The number of regulated goods imported for own use is expected to be small. And if there were such controls as some Members have asked, they would apply to all regulated goods imported for local supply or own use. This potentially increases the administrative burden, friction and compliance costs for the importers significantly. And today, the vast majority of regulated goods brought into Singapore meant for local supply are already MEPS- and MELS-compliant. What we are trying to do is close the loophole for a small number of goods.
The proposed amendments will empower the Minister to make regulations to compel online platforms in Singapore to remove or rectify listings of non-compliant listings of regulated goods. This ensures that the non-compliant regulated goods, such as those that do not carry the MELS labels, are not offered to end users in Singapore. The actual operationalisation of removal of these listings will be done by the platform. It is NEA providing an enforcement instruction and it is the platform then will have to comply about how these are taken down. Consumers can verify compliance by checking for accompanying MELS labels when purchasing regulated goods through online platforms.
The new regulations will only apply to new regulated goods imported into Singapore, for the purposes of own use. The new regulations also exclude second-hand or used regulated goods, whether it is online or in the physical marketspace. Notwithstanding this, second-hand regulated goods imported into Singapore for resale as brand-new will be subject to the MEPS and MELS requirements. NEA will conduct surveillance and investigations to enforce compliance as required.
We intend to effect the new regulations from 1 July 2026 to give platform operators time to adjust to the new regulations. Since 2023, NEA has also been engaging online platforms, such as Shopee and Lazada, to remove advertisements of non-compliant goods. The online platforms engaged have also cooperated with NEA's instructions and have taken down the non-complaint listings accordingly.
Moving forward, we will continue to work closely with online platforms to enhance surveillance of the online space and to encourage the proactive removal of listings of non-compliant regulated goods. The platforms may implement manual or algorithmic systems at their discretion to proactively remove these listings. If NEA discovers online listings that are non-compliant, we will work with the platforms to manually remove such listings. We hope this will minimise the purchase of non-compliant regulated goods, unintended or otherwise, by individuals and households.
We have assessed the accompanying penalty framework to be a sufficient deterrent. Penalties will be imposed on a per-import basis, with fines of up to $10,000 per import of non-compliant goods for own use. The MEPS-compliant equipment delivers life-cycle energy savings compared to energy inefficient equipment and this actually already intrinsically incentivises end users to import compliant equipment. So, the risk of reputational damage from the legal proceedings also discourages businesses from importing non-compliant goods. Put all of that together, we think this is likely to be quite effective.
A penalty framework on a per-import basis is also consistent with penalty regimes in similar legislation, including the Environmental Protection and Management Act 1999, which imposes a fine not exceeding $10,000 for each contravening supply or import of non-compliant greenhouse gas goods, such as commercial chillers.
Members had asked how the Government would provide support to businesses and households to adopt more energy-efficient equipment and to build energy management capabilities. We have a suite of measures that businesses and households can tap on to strengthen their energy resilience. Companies can tap on the Energy Efficiency Grant to co-fund investments in energy-efficient equipment. The Energy Efficiency Grant already covers a wide range of regulated goods, including air-conditioners, refrigerators, clothes dryers, motors and water heaters today.
As announced by the Senior Minister of State for Finance, the Energy Efficiency Grant base tier has been expanded to all sectors and support will be extended for another year, to 31 March 2028. This is a part of the measures to support more businesses in purchasing energy efficient equipment through the increasingly uncertain global climate. I encourage businesses to use the Energy Efficiency Grant to adopt more energy efficient equipment.
For households, the Government has provided eligible households with $400 of Climate Vouchers in total over the last two Budgets, under the enhanced Climate Friendly Households Programme. This helps to offset the initial cost of purchase of more resource-efficient household appliances and fittings, which are expected to yield recurring energy and water savings over their lifespan. Households that have yet to use their $400 Climate Vouchers can do so up to 31 December 2027.
More recently, we expanded the list of products under the enhanced Climate Friendly Households Programme to include induction stoves and five-tick clothes dryers. From 15 April 2026, households can tap on Climate Vouchers to access a wider range of resource-efficient products and achieve greater resource efficiency.
We do also want to invest in the development of a pipeline of energy management professionals to support energy efficiency initiatives. Mr Lee Hong Chuang suggested that the Government strengthen cooperation between industry and higher education institutions to develop more professional courses in energy efficiency and energy management. The Member would be pleased to hear that this is already happening and that the Government has programmes in place to help businesses build a pipeline of energy management professionals to support our resource efficiency initiatives.
For example, in February 2026, NEA, the Singapore Institute of Technology and the Energy Efficiency Training Centre launched the new Energy Efficiency Training Facility. This supports the delivery of programmes, such as the Energy Efficiency Upskilling Programme and Singapore Certified Energy Manager Programme, to develop a pipeline of local energy management talent and to build local energy efficiency capabilities.
Members made several suggestions to strengthen public education and incentivise the adoption of compliant goods and were concerned about the cost impact to end users when the amendments take effect.
NEA maintains an online database of compliant regulated goods with product information, including estimated annual energy consumption and energy costs. Energy efficient appliances typically offer lower life-cycle costs through energy savings, even if they may have higher upfront capital costs. For example, life-cycle costs of MEPS-compliant commercial storage refrigerators are on average 30% lower than non-compliant models.
Mr Speaker, Sir, energy efficiency is an economic imperative that strengthens our energy resilience, that delivers cost savings for consumers and businesses and contributes to our national climate targets. The Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill is a necessary step to ensure that all regulated goods in Singapore are held to the same MEPS and MELS requirements and deliver greater energy efficiency outcomes for end users.
I thank all Members who have spoken for their support on the Bill and with this, Mr Speaker, I seek to move.
Mr Speaker: Clarifications for Senior Minister of State Dr Janil? Ms Poh.
Ms Poh Li San (Sembawang West): Thank you, Speaker, and I thank the Senior Minister of State Janil. I believe my questions in my speech were not addressed in the Senior Minister of State's reply. I asked at the end of my speech, regarding the food and beverage sector alone, with the large numbers of restaurants and food and beverage establishments in the high churn, there must be a lot of freezers, chillers, refrigerators; and what would be the estimated annual consumption, and with this transition to all MEPS-compliant equipment, what will be the reduction like, in terms of the energy savings?
And secondly, with these large numbers of end users and end equipment, what is the process that is needed to actually enforce this new requirement? And I hope that this process and the requirements will not be too onerous. Otherwise, it will just end up conserving energy on one part and expending more energy in terms of human resources to carry out the enforcement.
Dr Janil Puthucheary: Sir, I thank Ms Poh for her question. The answer to the first part is, we do not yet know because the extension of the Energy Conservation Act is to goods that are currently not regulated. So, we have engagements with the sector, with the restaurant association, we have information that the behaviour is happening. But until we regulate these goods, we will not have a handle on exactly how many there are coming into the space. So, at a future time, we should be in a better position then to think about what is the total estimated annual consumption to include what, today, would have regulated and unregulated goods.
And so, the reduction in energy savings, we can make an estimate, and we have estimated that there is about a 30% reduction in costs and over a life-cycle of the compliant good compared to a non-compliant good. So, is that overall energy reduction in the sector? I think we cannot draw a straight line because it is not the only consumption of energy within the sector. But the short answer is, the current issue is that we do not regulate the goods that we are going to regulate, and so we do not know exactly how many there are on the market.
The second part of the question that this involves a large number; actually, this is not the case. Today, most of the businesses involved are already engaged with MEPS- and MELS-compliant suppliers and are already involved with purchasing from the suppliers. The suppliers are already MEPS- and MELS-compliant. So, it is a not a huge number that will have to then come on to the scheme.
We have engaged with those that we can find and we have worked with them to then shape the operations of the scheme to ensure that it is not too onerous, as I described in my speech.
Mr Speaker: Mr Dennis Tan.
Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong (Hougang): Thank you, Mr Speaker. Just one clarification for the Senior Minister of State. I thank the Government for acknowledging the gap regarding the software-driven energy degradation and for the commitment to monitor and test when necessary. However, if a software update is found to significantly degrade the energy performance of hardware already in use, what specific enforcement action will NEA take? Specifically, would the registration of those regulated goods be retrospectively revoked and would this result in a mandate for the user to cease usage or for the manufacturer to force a software roll-back?
Dr Janil Puthucheary: Sir, this is a hypothetical situation that we have not encountered yet. The Act provides for the Director-General and NEA to exercise a range of measures should they come across a good, which is non-compliant or which was declared to be compliant and is now subsequently non-compliant. And that can arise for a number of reasons. Software modification is one, but physical hardware modification is also another.
The assessment would have to be made as to whether the problem was rectifiable. This goes to an earlier question about the time that was given and the actions that are taken, and if the problem was rectifiable, then a reasonable period of notice, together with instructions to rectify. Failing which, warnings and fines, all are possible.
Whether the action would be taken against the person who imported or the manufacturer, the answer is potentially both, because now that you know that this business or this person may have deliberately done it, we would have a higher level of scrutiny. If we are aware that a particular model or particular manufacturer may engage in such practices, when further models from that manufacturer are submitted for review and registration, certainly, we would have to take this into account. And so, we would have a range of possible responses to such behaviour.
But I would encourage businesses and end users, please do not engage in such behaviour. The intent of these regulations is to improve our energy efficiency and by doing so, we will end up lowering the costs for all the businesses and the households that are involved, and that is the important outcome that we want to achieve.
Mr Speaker: Looks like there are no further clarifications.
[(proc text) Question put, and agreed to. (proc text)]
[(proc text) Bill accordingly read a Second time and committed to a Committee of the whole House. (proc text)]
[(proc text) The House immediately resolved itself into a Committee on the Bill. – [Dr Janil Puthucheary]. (proc text)]
[(proc text) Bill considered in Committee; reported without amendment; read a Third time and passed. (proc text)]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Veterinary Practice Bill","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"BP","content":"Mr Speaker: Minister for National Development.
The Minister of State for National Development (Mr Alvin Tan) (for the Minister for National Development): Mr Speaker, Sir, on behalf of the Minister for National Development, I move, \"That the Bill be now read a Second time.\"
Sir, the Veterinary Practice Bill establishes a new professional regulatory body, the Veterinary Council, to register veterinarians, or vets, and to regulate the practice of veterinary medicine in Singapore.
Today, vets in Singapore are licensed under the Animals and Birds Act (ABA). This framework has served us well in safeguarding animal health and welfare, and in protecting human health from animal diseases. However, our vet sector has evolved and matured significantly. Our pet population and demand for vet services have grown. Over the last two decades, the number of licensed vets has increased by more than five-fold. There are close to 700 licensed vets as of end-2025.
The range and sophistication of vet services and treatment have also expanded. In particular, there has been a rise in the number of vet specialists and breadth of vet specialisations available here in Singapore, offering specialised surgical and medical services. Public expectations of professional standards and accountability have also risen.
And against this backdrop, the Ministry of National Development (MND) and the National Parks Board (NParks) had signalled the move to establish a Vet Council in 2023 to oversee professional matters for the vet sector. Coupled with a robust professional regulatory framework, this aims to raise professional standards and uphold public confidence in our vet sector.
In drafting this Bill, we conducted extensive consultation with the vet sector, sought views from the public and studied models governing other human healthcare professions in Singapore and those of reputable vet statutory bodies in other jurisdictions, including Australia, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom (UK).
Let me now elaborate on the Bill's key features.
Part 1 lays out the fundamentals of the Bill. Clause 2 defines the practice of veterinary medicine, which comprises the range of professional activities regulated by the Bill. Clause 3 defines who is regarded as a duly qualified vet.
While only vets are required to be registered at the outset, we plan to eventually extend regulation to other veterinary professionals, such as vet nurses who are currently not licensed, with an appropriate transition period to allow the sector to adjust. We will share more details when ready.
Part 2 of the Bill establishes the Vet Council and sets out its functions in Clause 5. This includes registering vets, setting standards for professional conduct and requirements for upskilling and appointing necessary bodies for disciplinary proceedings against the misconduct and negligence of vets.
Clause 4 provides for the Council's composition, which will comprise a mix of public and private sector members. This may include ex officio members, comprising the Director-General for Animal Health and Welfare who is a public officer, and the elected president of the Singapore Veterinary Association or their nominees and the appointed Registrar of the Council. The Registrar will be a public officer or an officer or employee of a public authority. The Council will also comprise at least four other vets and at least two other non-vets. Members will serve a maximum term of three years and may be re-appointed. The Minister for National Development will have powers to appoint and remove members, while taking into account the Council's prevailing operating needs.
Clause 13 empowers the Council to appoint committees, which will advise the Council on nascent issues, such as reviewing the Code of Ethics for Veterinarians to provide up-to-date standards on professional conduct.
Besides providing fair and adequate representation of the vet sector, which was a key feedback we received during our engagements, we also designed this framework to safeguard public interests. It will ensure that professional regulation is grounded in practical experience with appropriate public oversight while addressing emerging issues faced by the sector.
Part 3 of the Bill sets out structured registration and practising certification frameworks for vets. Clauses 17 to 19 provide for the registration of vets under three classes of registration, to better differentiate a vet's foundational qualification, training and practice experience. Clause 24 requires the Registrar to publish on the Council's website, certain particulars of the registered vets. This enables the public to search for and verify a vet's registration status and place of practice.
Let me elaborate on the three classes of vet registration. First, full registration. This is for vets who either hold a prescribed qualification or hold a qualification in veterinary medicine that is not lower in standing than the prescribed qualification and possess the necessary knowledge, skill and experience. The prescribed qualifications mirror the Animal and Veterinary Service's (AVS's) current licensing criteria, which are accredited by well-established accrediting organisations.
The second class is vets with restricted registration. Vets with restricted registration will be subjected to certain restrictions, such as to practise only under the supervision of vets with full registration or in specific establishments. These vets must hold a qualification in veterinary medicine that does not qualify for full registration but has provided them with adequate training. They must also possess the necessary knowledge, skill and experience, and must be selected for employment in establishments recognised by the Council, such as the zoo or research institutes. This allows the Council to address manpower gaps in niche domains of practice, without compromising animal health and welfare or public confidence in the sector.
The third class of registration is specialist registration. This is for vets with full registration who additionally hold an approved postgraduate qualification or have acquired special knowledge, skill and experience in a particular branch of vet medicine. Such vets will be allowed to use specialist titles, such as vet ophthalmologist or vet pathologist.
A full or restricted registration has no expiry but may be cancelled by the Registrar or Council on any relevant grounds set out in clauses 26 and 38, or Part 5 of the Bill. A specialist registration is subject to renewals by the Council.
To ensure vets continually improve and update their knowledge and skills, registered vets must also obtain a practising certificate from the Council to practise veterinary medicine. Vets must regularly renew their practising certificates and fulfil mandatory continuing professional education requirements. These requirements ensure ongoing competency, and are already in place today for AVS-licensed vets. The Council will provide more clarity on these requirements when ready. With these new frameworks, the public can be better informed of a vet's professional standing and competency.
To minimise disruption to the sector and to ensure continuity of vet services, clause 90 will provide an arrangement for all AVS-licensed vets to transit to the new framework seamlessly. Existing vets holding a licence under the ABA will be temporarily deemed to be duly qualified vets. For instance, the majority of existing vets will be placed on full registration as they currently hold a full licence. Existing vets will then need to obtain registration and a practising certificate within a stipulated grace period to continue practising veterinary medicine.
The Bill also ensures that services provided by certain non-vets will not be disrupted. For instance, clause 29 does not prohibit vet nurses from practising veterinary medicine so long as they act under the supervision of a duly qualified vet and in accordance with prescribed conditions, as they do today.
As we have observed a growth in the range of animal-related services offered by non-vets that may pose a risk to animal health and welfare, Part 4 of the Bill will introduce various offences and penalties to safeguard against unlawful practice and misrepresentation by or about unauthorised persons. The Bill will raise the maximum financial penalty to $50,000 – a $4,000 increase compared to the current level of $10,000 provided under the ABA. [Please refer to \"Clarification by Minister of State for National Development\", Official Report, 8 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 28, Correction By Written Statement section.] This strengthens deterrence against profit-driven motives and was benchmarked with penalties applicable in human healthcare professions.
Apart from prohibiting unauthorised persons from practising veterinary medicine or falsely implying that they are vets and qualified to act as a vet, it will also be an offence for other persons, such as business owners and employers, to make false claims that their employee is qualified. The prohibition of the practice of veterinary medicine by unauthorised persons garnered strong support from stakeholders and the public. It also aims to better assure the public that their animals are receiving treatment from duly qualified vets.
Part 5 of the Bill introduces a robust disciplinary framework for vets, which is designed to be proportionate and impartial. Clauses 44 and 45 establish clear thresholds for escalating disciplinary cases brought against registered vets, whereby the Registrar will first triage a case against a registered vet before recommending to the Council on the action to be taken.
The Registrar can recommend dismissing the case if the complaint is frivolous, so vets are not unduly burdened by unmeritorious cases. If there is evidence of physical or mental health issues which impair the vet's fitness to practise, the Registrar can recommend the Council to cancel, suspend or impose conditions or restrictions on the vet's registration with the vet's agreement.
The Registrar may also recommend to the Council to refer the case to various committees, which are the (a) Complaints Assessment Committee to review the conduct of or services provided by the vet; (b) Disciplinary Committee if the vet has been convicted of an offence involving fraud, dishonesty or implying a defect in character; and (c) Interim Orders Committee to review whether to make an interim order against the vet pending inquiry into the case.
This approach ensures proportionality to the issue at hand. Committee Members will be drawn from either a Complaints Panel appointed by the Council or from both the Complaints Panel and the Council. The intent is for a wider pool of experienced vets to be part of the committees to contribute their clinical perspective. A Complaints Assessment Committee must include a layperson, and a Disciplinary Committee must include two laypersons, namely a legal professional and an observer, to represent public interest and ensure accountability. Members involved at earlier stages of a disciplinary case must not sit on a subsequent committee for the same case. These safeguards mitigate potential conflicts of interest and ensure impartiality in reviewing disciplinary proceedings.
I will highlight next, key actions or orders that may be taken by the different committees. For minor complaints, clause 50 allows the Complaints Assessment Committee to recommend referring a case for mediation by an appointed mediator. This is one of the key features which promotes conciliatory mediation and conciliatory resolution. This may be applied to cases involving miscommunication between vets and their clients and allow for both parties to reach a resolution through facilitated dialogue.
For more egregious cases of misconduct or negligence, clause 56 empowers the Disciplinary Committee to take stronger disciplinary action against a vet, including cancelling or suspending a vet's registration or practising certificate, and imposing a penalty of up to $50,000, which is aligned with that for the human healthcare professions.
As these inquiries may take time, clause 66 empowers the Interim Orders Committee to either suspend or impose conditions or restrictions on a vet's registration for a period not exceeding 18 months while disciplinary proceedings are ongoing. Cases where such interim orders may be needed include those involving serious or immediate risks to public or animal health. Interim orders allow for swift responses to protect or secure certain interests, while disciplinary proceedings are ongoing. Clause 71 provides that interim orders will cease to be in force either at the end of the period specified in the order, when the order is revoked or when disciplinary proceedings conclude.
Clauses 51, 52, 62 and 70 provide a mechanism for appeals against certain decisions of the Council or its committees to be heard. The Minister will hear appeals against the Council's decisions. The General Division of the High Court will hear appeals against the Disciplinary Committee or the Interim Orders Committee's orders.
This disciplinary framework broadly aligns with that for the human healthcare professions and aims to uphold public confidence in the vet sector.
Lastly, Part 6 of the Bill provides powers for the Council to make regulations on qualifications for registration, continuing professional education requirements and professional standards. The Minister's approval must be sought when regulations are made by the Council.
Sir, we will commence the Bill in two stages, starting with establishing the Veterinary Council this year, followed by the remaining provisions of the Bill, including the registration regime and disciplinary framework for vets next year. This will give the sector sufficient time to adapt to the Bill's requirements and to strengthen their processes. We will share more details in due course.
Mr Speaker, Sir, we need highly skilled and professional vets in our evolving pet landscape. This Bill marks an important milestone in the maturation of our vet sector. It will strengthen professional accountability, support better animal health and welfare outcomes and uphold public confidence in the sector. The Vet Council will benefit the veterinary profession, which has provided support for the Bill. It will lead to better treatment outcomes to better safeguard animal health and welfare. It will also benefit the public who can be more assured of the competency and quality of veterinary services, and better veterinary-client relationships. Mr Speaker, Sir, I beg to move.
[(proc text) Question proposed. (proc text)]
Mr Speaker: Mr Henry Kwek.
Mr Kwek Hian Chuan Henry (Kebun Baru): Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of this Bill. This is a timely and necessary move. As the pet population in Singapore grows and as vet care becomes more complex, it is right that we strengthen professional standards, clarify the scope of regulated vet services and put in place a robust disciplinary framework. I support the direction of the Bill.
At the same time, I would like to raise one central concern on behalf of many pet owners, which is: how do we strengthen professionalism in the sector while ensuring that vet care remains affordable and accessible?
For many Singaporeans, pets are not incidental. They are part of the family. This is especially so in an ageing society, where pets can be an important source of companionship, comfort and emotional support. To many people, their pet is a source of joy, comfort and, sometimes, their daily, closest companion.
So, as we improve standards and professionalise the sector, we must exercise care that the new rules, guidelines and expectations do not unintentionally drive up the cost of care. Put simply, caring for a cat or dog or any pet must not be the preserve of the wealthy.
Sir, I do not say this to pre-judge the work of AVS or the future Vet Council. I support the direction of this Bill. But because affordability matters so much for the ordinary pet owners, it is important we state this concern early and watch implementation carefully.
With that in mind, I would like to make a few suggestions and seek several clarifications.
First, while the Veterinary Council is a useful and necessary institution, its role under the Bill is primarily to regulate professional standards, registration, conduct and discipline. My suggestion, therefore, is that MND and AVS make clear and affordable and accessible animal care be an important part of the policy objective in how this framework is implemented, including the development of standards, codes and requirements over time. In other words, as standards are raised, affordability should not be treated as an afterthought.
Second, I suggest that the Council, or one of its committees, should have a stronger channel for the voice of the animal welfare and pet owner interests. This could be done either through including one or two individuals with strong standing in the animal welfare community, or through a dedicated advisory committee on affordable and accessible animal care. This would help ensure that the system does not only hear from providers but also remain attentive to the lived realities of pet owners.
Third, I would encourage AVS to begin tracking broad trends in the cost of veterinary care and to share this regularly with the Committee and the Council. I am not suggesting anywhere as elaborate as the healthcare sector's fee benchmark or procedure-by-procedure guidelines. But some basic monitoring of care and costs of care would be helpful.
Without data, we will not know whether the improvements in standards are being achieved in a way that remains sustainable for ordinary Singaporeans. And if care rises in the years ahead, we should at least be able to distinguish between whether it is driven by inflation, manpower costs, or more advanced treatment norms, or regulatory and professional requirements.
Fourth, I would like to seek clarification on the disciplinary and appeals framework. I agree that veterinarians must be held accountable for misconduct and negligence, and I support having meaningful powers to act against serious wrongdoing. But we should also ensure that the process do not inadvertently encourage frivolous complaints because that can have real consequences.
If professionals feel constantly exposed to weak but career-threatening complaints, they may respond by practising defensive medicine, over-ordering procedures or face higher professional indemnity costs. And in the end, these costs may be passed to pet owners.
So, I appreciate clarifications from MND on how the framework will guard against misuse while preserving confidence and fairness for complainants. I note that the Bill allows frivolous or misconstrued complaints to be dismissed, and I welcome that. I also welcome the inclusion of mediation. These are sensible features. But it would be helpful to understand whether AVS expects to publish workflows, aggregate data or guidance over time, so that both the public and the professionals can have confidence that the process is balanced, transparent and not easily abused.
Fifth, as the Council develops codes, standards and professional expectations, I hope there will be deliberate attention on practical and tiered care options. In concrete terms, financially stretched pet owners should still be able to receive clear advice upfront on what constitutes a basic, safe and affordable course of treatment, as distinct from more comprehensive or more advanced options.
Likewise, when an animal is gravely ill and recovery is unlikely, owners should not be left without an affordable and dignified path, including euthanasia where appropriate for the animals.\tDifferent owners will make different choices and many will want the best and most extensive treatment possible for their animals. That is entirely understandable. But a well-functional system should always and be able to make room for realistic, humane and affordable options.
Sixth, I urge some caution before we expand on the regulatory regime to other veterinary professionals and allied animal-care providers. The intent is clearly well-meaning, and I understand that this may eventually be necessary. But I hope we at least first observe how the establishment of the Veterinary Council affects the sector, especially in terms of manpower, service delivery and cost, before extending regulation more widely.
And finally, I hope that MND and AVS initiate a serious effort to examine the broader cost of caring for animals in Singapore, to ensure that care remains affordable and accessible. These issues may sit outside the four corners of this Bill, but it sits very much within the concerns of pet owners. Many residents, volunteers and animal lovers active within my constituency of Kebun Baru, including myself, would be happy to contribute to such an engagement on affordable and accessible pet care.
Sir, in conclusion, the formation of this Veterinary Council and this Bill is the natural next step in the evolution of veterinary care in Singapore, and I certainly support it. But as we professionalise the sector, let us keep faith with the ordinary pet owners. Let us make sure that the better standards do not come at the cost of accessibility, and affordability remains a central and real consideration in how this new framework is implemented.
Mr Speaker: Mr Louis Chua.
Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis (Sengkang): Mr Speaker, as a proud parent of a fur kid, I relate to the stress faced by pet owners when bringing their pet, often with much resistance, to the vet for medical treatment or check-up. I am sure many pet owners can relate to how they can somehow figure out whether they are being taken to the dog run or being taken to the vet for medical appointment.
However, no matter how anxious or rebellious the patient may be, it is the patience, skill and professionalism of our veterinary core that often place both the patient and its owner at ease.
In Singapore, demand for veterinary services is booming, owing to the rise in pet ownership and how pets are now often regarded as a member of the family, and not just a pet per se.
The Bill introduces a new three-tiered registration framework for veterinarians based on one's qualifications, namely full, restricted and specialist. Establishing the Veterinary Council as industry's professional body is therefore instrumental towards upholding the high standards expected of the profession, and a move I strongly support. Nonetheless, this Bill arrives against a backdrop of stretched veterinary manpower, mounting public concerns about care costs and an overall pet care ecosystem that still has significant gaps. Allow me to touch on these topics in turn in my speech.
In addition to regulating the veterinary industry, I hope that the Council would strengthen the pipeline of registered veterinarians to ease Singapore's shortage of veterinary professionals. According to the Singapore Veterinary Association, there are approximately 898 pets per vet as of 2022.
Currently, there is no university course in veterinary science available locally. While Ngee Ann and Temasek Polytechnics offer vet-related diplomas, they do not provide students with the pre-requisite qualifications to become a full-fledged licensed veterinarian. To apply for a licence to treat birds and animals under the present system, one must study overseas at a veterinary school recognised either by the American Veterinary Medical Association, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons or the Australasian Veterinary Board's Council.
If they hold a veterinary degree from a non-recognised university, they could also sit for and pass either the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Statutory Examination, the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination or the Australasian Veterinary Examination. This is a costly pathway, only open to those who have the means to do so or are awarded a scholarship, discriminating against many potential veterinarians with the love and passion for helping animals from pursuing such a novel profession.
In February 2026, a Parliamentary Question was posed to the Minister for Education on whether the Ministry will work with autonomous universities to introduce a locally-offered veterinary degree in view of growing demand and reliance on overseas trained vets. The reply was that the Ministry of Education (MOE) will continue to work with the autonomous universities and sector agencies, such as MND and NParks to monitor and assess how best to meet Singapore's long-term veterinary manpower needs.
I find the answer to be quite inadequate. I understand the arguments that Singapore's small land area means limited farm animal populations, and that there may not be sufficient scale to justify the opening up of a new programme. But the question is not whether the current supply is sufficient, which increasingly appears to be insufficient, but whether the pipeline is resilient. A profession whose entire intake depends on Singaporeans willing to bear the cost and disruption of overseas education with no guarantee of returning, is a profession with a structurally fragile supply chain.
Moreover, we can always start with a partnership model. For starters, I am reminded of the double degree programme offered by the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in biomedical sciences and Chinese medicine with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, which began in 2005. Today, NTU is launching its own four-year Bachelor of Chinese Medicine degree, which enrolled its first class of 25 students in August 2024, with plans to go up to 40 eventually.
I believe this is a model which we can replicate for our own veterinary degree. Will the Government be keen to introduce a locally offered veterinary degree, in addition to strengthening the supplies of veterinarians, which is crucial in addressing the manpower gap? I hope that the Council can look into plugging the brain drain faced by the industry.
As of September 2025, Singapore had approximately 674 licensed veterinarians, rising to around 700 by end-2025. This is up nearly six-fold, from just 122 in 2006. Demand for vet services have been rising alongside the rising incidents of pet ownership, yet every single vet in Singapore has been trained entirely abroad. Amongst the Singaporean veterinary students that study overseas, which comprise an overwhelming majority, only 50% or less choose to return home to practice, as many prefer to work in Australia or the UK, where opportunities abound, with perhaps better work life balance.
A study conducted by James Cook University and the Singapore Veterinary Association highlights that veterinary professionals are four to nine times more likely to experience depression, anxiety and stress compared to their human healthcare counterparts. Improving our local talent pipeline would therefore help plug the brain drain within the industry by spreading out the workload more sustainably, thus reducing the likelihood of burn-out.
Another issue faced by the industry is the lack of career progression, especially amongst veterinary paraprofessionals, such as nurses and technicians. When combined with burn-out and wages in commensurate with their less-than-ideal working conditions, it has resulted in a high attrition rate and manpower shortage. According to the Singapore Veterinary Association, only 20% of veterinary nursing graduates remain in the industry after five years, as of 2022, with many of them viewing this profession as unviable.
With plans to regulate veterinary nurses and technicians in works, I hope that the Council can develop structured opportunities for career progression and specialisation, thus boosting their wages and job prospects.
Furthermore, while clause 4(3) of the Bill specifies that the Council should minimally comprise of four fully-registered veterinarians and two laypeople, there is no explicit requirement for our veterinary paraprofessionals to be represented. Given their invaluable contributions to the industry, paraprofessionals should also have a seat at the table, thus providing an avenue for the concerns to be heard.
Mr Speaker, reforms to the vet sector should also protect consumers' interests. Big conglomerates and private equity firms have recently been heavily investing and acquiring pet care chains and veterinary practices. In fact, although dogs are allergic to chocolate, the Mars Corporation is ironically one of the biggest players in the veterinary scene. While such clinics benefit from a flush of capital, veterinarians might have to keep a closer eye on their bottom lines and the demands of upper management, instead of their patients.
Some years ago, our family adopted a dog from the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA). We named him Yellow. It was uncommon to find what appeared to be a purebred dog put up for adoption, but Yellow had physical deformities that required consistent and ongoing medical attention. Towards the end of his life, the cost of managing his condition was not far from what one might expect to pay for a human specialist. He was family and we wanted to do everything we could to ease his suffering.
But I am acutely aware that not every family is in the same position. For some, the cost of treatment is simply prohibitive and the cruellest irony of all is that euthanasia, the most unbearable option, may also be the cheapest one.
During the consultation process of the Bill, some respondents have also raised the issue of high veterinary fees and a lack of transparency. Although regulating clinic fees is beyond the remit of the Council, I believe that there is space for the Council to act in the interest of consumer protection and to prevent runaway healthcare cost in the veterinary scene.
It will be instructive of us to study the approach taken by other jurisdictions. For instance, the UK recently started mandating veterinary clinics to publicly disclose their practice ownership structure and introduce price lists for common procedures to boost transparency for consumers.
I do hope the Ministry and the Council can consider regularly publishing hospital bills and fee benchmarks, similar to how the Ministry of Health has done so, or even fee guidelines for starters.
Finally, I return to the concern I have raised previously about pet groomers. Beyond veterinary professionals, there are others within the wider animal care ecosystem that play a key role in ensuring the health and well-being of animals, such as pet groomers and trainers. This Bill creates full professional registration, practising certificates, continuing education requirements and a multi-tiered disciplinary framework for veterinarians, like pet groomers who handle animals daily and the number of whom have been linked to dozens of investigated welfare incidents, and who, in some cases, have been responsible for animal deaths, remain largely unregulated.
A Parliamentary reply this year revealed that NParks investigated 54 cases of harm to animals involving pet groomers over the past three years. Following questions raised in this House, MND indicated in January 2026 that the ABA review would consider whether to include the requirements for closed circuit television recordings.
There have also been cases of mishandling involving dog trainers. For instance, two employees of a dog-training firm were suspended in 2024 for physically harming two dogs under their care in preparation for a photo opportunity.
Currently, pet groomers and trainers are simply required to adhere to the Code of Animal Welfare, a set of minimum standards and best practices regarding certain aspects of animal care, such as housing, feeding and transport.
Back in September 2024, I asked a Parliamentary Question about whether there are plans to implement licensing requirements for pet groomers in the manner similar to pet breeders and boarders. I understand the Government is currently reviewing the Code of Animal Welfare with a focus on groomers as well as introducing a new chapter for dog trainers. However, the aforementioned instances of negligence by pet groomers and trainers highlight the need for a tighter enforcement regime for this group of professionals in addition to revising the penalties for animal cruelty and failure to fulfil duty of care to ensure that practitioners actually adhere to professional standards.
Mr Speaker, to care for animals is a labour of love. I support the passage of this Bill but there is more we can do to develop a fully functional animal health and welfare ecosystem.
I hope we can do more by strengthening the pipeline of veterinary professionals, plugging the brain drain faced by the industry, recognising the contributions of our veterinary professionals, enhancing consumer protection measures within the industry, and tightening the enforcement regime for pet groomers and trainers. This will nurture a driving animal care ecosystem that is centred around the health and welfare of its patients, whether it is domesticated pets, community animals or the wildlife in our garden city.
Mr Speaker: Ms Lee Hui Ying.
Ms Lee Hui Ying (Nee Soon): Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise to speak in support of the Veterinary Practice Bill. This is a milestone for our veterinary community, a profession that has grown from just over 100 practitioners two decades ago to about 700 today. The industry is still ripe for greater growth. Pet ownership continues to rise and Singaporeans are more sensitive to the care of their furry companions. Many neighbouring countries already have robust regulations for the veterinary industry, and it is opportune for Singapore to join the conversation.
As we move towards a more sophisticated regulatory landscape, we must ensure this Bill has the \"claws and teeth\" to protect not only the animals and their guardians, but also the dedicated professionals who serve and save them.
I wish to raise three areas of clarifications for consideration.
First, the introduction of a specialist register is a welcome move, strengthening the trust and quality of advanced veterinary services. We would not expect a general practitioner (GP) to perform complex orthopaedic, eye or soft tissue surgery on a human without a residency period and proper specialisation. But these are common surgeries that general licensed vets do in Singapore. This blurred distinction between specialised and non-specialised treatment in the current \"GP-heavy\" veterinary landscape creates a need for deeper regulation.
However, we must ask if the proposed three-tiered system is sufficiently robust. Specifically, clause 16 defines a specialist tier broadly and gives the Council greater statutory discretion to determine someone's place in this tier. There were concerns raised that the broadness of this tier cannot effectively motivate veterinary pursuits at the highest level.
In contrast, the Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists stipulates a highly stratified professional qualification framework that informs their registration, including four tiers distinguishing general practitioners, members, fellows and finally, registered specialists.
The highest tier of registered specialist requires both a post-doctoral degree and years of clinical experience. This is similar to the residency system in human healthcare medicine. Moreover, there is a wide variety of postdoctoral degrees offered to prospective students, allowing them to upskill at the correct level of expertise and knowledge.
Similarly, the UK distinguishes between general practitioners, advanced practitioners and board-certified specialists. Advanced practitioners have postdoctoral degrees and practical experience but still might not meet the threshold to be considered board-certified specialists who receive residency training similar to human medicine, contribute to published research and are active in the specialty.
Contrast this with our three-tier system, which groups all levels of postgraduate expertise under a single \"specialist\" banner. This may risk the specialist tier being too blunt and not useful to consumers as a mark of trust and quality.
Many vets in Singapore studied in Australia and the UK. They are already familiar with more detailed tiered systems. So, it is not surprising that we have received feedback that the proposed tiers could be more robust, especially in the specialist class.
First, will the Ministry substantiate the specific requirements for the specialist tier in the subsidiary legislation? Second, if we are to stick with these three tiers, how does this safeguard the public interest as effectively as more granular international models? Third, to complement the Bill and encourage more stringent and continuous education requirements, will the Ministry consider providing support and grants to vet professionals for continuing education?
Second, another clarification desired on the ground is how will we protect our vets against death by process in possibly dealing with a \"double penalty\" of having to simultaneously defend a claim in the civil courts and a Vet Council inquiry, for the same set of facts.
I understand that both processes serve a different purpose. The civil courts serve to compensate for damages, and the Vet Council serves to discipline malpractice. However, vets who are likely to operate in smaller clinics would not have the resources to address two parallel processes. A single case could be a death sentence for the business, even if they are eventually cleared.
For example, under clause 56 of the Bill, an Interim Order can suspend a vet for up to 18 months while investigations proceed. This is a staggering timeframe to disrupt a person's livelihood.
Accountability is important, but it must be balanced with trust in our professionals. Otherwise, we risk increasing consumer costs from defensive medicine or deterring passionate people from taking up this specialised career.
To avoid disproportionate \"punishment by process\", can the Minister of State elaborate first, how does the Government balance the potential proceedings vets may face? Will there be guidelines to limit the amount of investigation time? If there are concurrent proceedings, can civil cases be put on hold until findings from the Vet Council have been released?
Lastly, we must talk about the \"abuse gap.\" In the UK and Australia, the British and Australian Veterinary Associations have reported a surge in \"cyberbullying\" and physical intimidation by pet owners. In Singapore, vets often face \"de minimis\" claims – small, repetitive legal threats – that constitute a form of harassment.
The Government has done a great job since COVID-19 to prevent and protect our healthcare workers from harassment and abuse. We can do the same for our vets.
In the UK, this protection is extended to vets under the Respect Your Vet Team initiative. Furthermore, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, which is the UK's equivalent of a Veterinary Council, provides additional support to vets that makes them more than just a regulatory and disciplinary body.
The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons provides a hotline for vets to discuss grey area issues, support vets through difficult disputes and, in recent years, have launched numerous initiatives to champion the mental well-being for vets. One such initiative is the ProfCon Investigation Support that provides Confidential Peer Support for those under investigation and their flagship Mind Matters Initiative that provides workshops to promote mental well-being and mental health in the industry.
This is a small industry with high attrition rates. Vets tend to have lower comparative pay despite years of specialised study, while managing compassion fatigue and abuse. This is slated to worsen if individuals spend more time and money to upskill as specialists, but continue to receive similar pay and working conditions. This shortage, in turn, transfers to the consumers, as a fall in the supply of vet services results in higher costs and fewer choices.
Will the Ministry consider extending the \"Industry Abuse Protections\" to veterinarians under the Vet Council, similar to the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in the UK, to provide them with better occupational support? Mr Speaker, in Mandarin, please.
(In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Mr Speaker, this Bill represents an important milestone for our veterinary industry. As more Singaporeans keep pets and pay greater attention to pet care, the veterinary industry is expected to continue flourishing.
Establishing a new registration system for veterinary specialists will help enhance public trust and quality in advanced veterinary services.
We would not expect a GP to perform complex specialist surgery on humans. Similarly, in the veterinary system, the blurred boundaries between specialist and non-specialist treatment make more comprehensive regulatory mechanisms necessary.
The Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists has established a four-tiered professional qualification framework. Many of our vets have trained in Australia and the UK and are familiar with such tiered systems. Therefore, we have received feedback suggesting that the proposed tiered system, particularly in the specialist category, still has room for improvement.
For this reason, I would like to ask the Minister:
First, will the Minister further clarify the specific requirements for the specialist veterinary category in subsidiary legislation? Second, if we maintain the current three-tiered system, how can we ensure it will be as effective in safeguarding public interest? Third, to complement the Bill and encourage more stringent and continuous professional development, will the Government consider providing training support and grants for vets?
The veterinary industry has a small community but high attrition rates. Practitioners typically require years of specialised study yet face relatively low remuneration, whilst also dealing with emotional fatigue and harassment. If practitioners need to invest more time and money to advance as specialist veterinarians, but remuneration and working conditions remain unchanged, this situation may further deteriorate. The cost of manpower shortage will ultimately be passed on to consumers, as fewer veterinarians mean not only higher costs but also reduced choices.
Therefore, I would also like to ask the Minister whether consideration will be given to providing veterinarians with \"Industry Abuse Protections\" similar to those established by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in the UK, to strengthen occupational safeguards for veterinary practitioners?
In Nee Soon South, I know some residents who work as veterinarians. They not only care for pets but also help pet owners with compassion. They tell me that when they encounter situations where owners cannot afford medical bills and are forced to surrender their pets, they continue treating these animals and find new homes for them.
The Veterinary Council has the potential to elevate this industry to the next level, but without clear definition of the specialist system or support for practitioners, it would be futile. Therefore, I look forward to seeing a Council that can raise industry standards without dampening practitioners' enthusiasm.
(In English): Mr Speaker, vets do more than care for our animal companions. They are the first line of defence for zoonotic diseases and public health. In Nee Soon South, I have residents who are also vets and they go the extra mile. They share with me they help pet owners who cannot afford veterinary healthcare bills and end up surrendering their pets – the vets continue to treat the animals and even rehome them to another family.
The Vet Council has the potential to help grow this booming industry. But a lack of specialist clarity or support for our vets can threaten the initiative's potential. We want a Council that elevates standards without crushing the spirits of those who practice. These clarifications aside, I stand in support of the Bill.
Mr Speaker: Order. I propose to take a break now. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 3.20 pm.
Sitting accordingly suspended
at 2.59 pm until 3.20 pm.
Sitting resumed at 3.20 pm.
[Deputy Speaker (Mr Christopher de Souza) in the Chair]
[(proc text) Debate resumed. (proc text)]
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Muhaimin Malik.
Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik (Sengkang): Sir, as a parent to two cats, I understand first-hand the importance of having qualified, trustworthy veterinary professionals caring for our animals.
The establishment of the Veterinary Council, the creation of proper registration framework and the introduction of disciplinary proceedings are long overdue.
There are currently over 690 licensed veterinarians which has increased almost five-and-a-half-folds since 2006, serving an ever-growing population of pet owners who rightly expect professional, accountable care for their animals.
This Bill provides the legal architecture to meet those expectations.
While I support this Bill, my concern lies with what happens when it is enacted. Specifically, I wish to address three areas: public awareness of the new framework, the resourcing of enforcement and the position of experienced but unlicensed animal caregivers.
Sir, clause 24 of the Bill requires the Registrar to publish on the Council's website the names, practice details, qualifications and registration dates of all duly qualified veterinarians. This is a commendable transparency provision.
For the first time, pet owners will have a single authoritative register to verify that the person treating their animal is properly qualified. But a register is only useful if people know it exists and know how to use it. The Bill creates new legal categories that will be unfamiliar to most Singaporeans.
A duly qualified veterinarian is defined in clause 3 as a registered veterinarian with a valid practising certificate, excluding those whose registration or certificate is suspended.
There are three tiers of registration: full, restricted and specialist. Each carries different conditions and scope of practice.
Pet owners will need to understand what these distinctions mean in practical terms, for example, that a veterinarian with restricted registration may only practise at specific establishments or under supervision.
The Bill also creates new offences. Under clause 29, it is illegal for an unqualified individual to practise veterinary medicine. Under clause 30 to 33, it is an offence to falsely represent oneself or another as a qualified veterinarian. But these protections are only effective if pet owners know that unqualified practice is now a criminal offence and know how to report suspected violations.
I would ask the Minister of State two questions.
First, beyond the standard communications, will the Government work with veterinary clinics, pet businesses and community organisations to bring awareness directly to the point of service? For instance, through mandatory display of registration status at clinics, or through pet licensing touchpoints, where owners already interact with AVS.
Second, will the Government ensure that complaint channels are not only available, but prominently publicised so that the offence provisions under clauses 29 to 33 have real deterrent effect? The consumer protection promise of this Bill depends not just on public education, but on the right kind of public education, one that reaches pet owners at the point of service and empowers them to use the tools this Bill provides.
Sir, the Bill creates a robust enforcement toolkit. Clause 29(6) makes unqualified practice an offence punishable by a fine of up to $50,000 and imprisonment of up to 12 months. Clauses 30 to 33, criminalise false representation. Clause 79 empowers the appointment of investigators, and clause 73 sets out their powers to conduct investigations. Clause 83 allows the composition of offences, that is, settling matters out of court with a fine. Clause 85 confers jurisdiction on magistrates' courts and district courts.
These are strong provisions, but provisions on paper do not enforce themselves. The Bill does not specify who will carry out enforcement on the ground. AVS under NParks will presumably continue in its existing regulatory role over veterinary clinics and animal related businesses. But the new framework adds substantial responsibilities. Investigating complaints of unqualified practice, supporting the Veterinary Council's disciplinary machinery, monitoring compliance with registration conditions and continue education requirements, and building institutional expertise in a regulatory function that has not previously existed at this scale.
I will ask the Minister of State four questions.
First, what additional enforcement resources does the Government intend to allocate to support the implementation of this Bill?
Second, will there be a dedicated enforcement unit, or will these functions be absorbed into AVS' existing operations?
Third, how many investigators does the Government anticipate appointing in the initial years?
And fourth, will enforcement capacity be progressively scaled up as the framework matures and eventually extend to cover veterinary nurses?
Sir, lastly, I wish to raise a matter that is sensitive, but important: the position of experienced individuals in our community who care for animals, but do not hold veterinary qualifications.
Singapore has a dedicated community of animal caregivers. They include wildlife rehabilitators who nurse injured birds and monitor otters. They include community animal feeders who look after stray and community cats, sometimes treating minor wounds or administrating basic medication. They include shelter workers and volunteers at animal welfare organisations, who provide day-to-day care and first response for animals in distress. Many of these individuals have developed significant practical knowledge over years, even decades of hands-on experience. They perform an invaluable service for animal welfare in Singapore – often without compensation and at their own expense.
The Bill's definition of the practice of veterinary medicine in clause 2 is broad. It covers diagnosis of disease or injury, medical treatment, the administration of anaesthetics, drug prescription and the issuance of professional certificates.
Under clause 29(1), it is an offence for anyone who is not a duly qualified veterinarian to practise veterinary services. Some of the activities currently performed by community animal caregivers could, on a broad reading, fall within this definition.
I note that the Bill does provide an important exception. Clause 29(5) allows non-veterinarians to perform certain acts within the practice of veterinary medicine, provided these acts are not excluded acts and are performed under the supervision of a duly qualified veterinarian and in accordance with prescribed conditions.
The excluded acts defined in clause 29(7), which include diagnosis, surgery, drug prescription and the issuance of professional certificates are strictly reserved for veterinarians. This is appropriate and I do not have any qualms with it. However, the practical boundaries of this exception remain unclear.
What constitutes supervision in the context of community animal care, where there is typically no veterinarian on site?
What are the prescribed conditions that will govern this exception?
Can a community caregiver clean and dress wound on a community cat without breaching the law?
Can a wildlife rehabilitator administer oral rehydration to an injured bird?
These are not hypothetical questions. They describe activities that take place every day in Singapore. The answers will depend on the regulations that are eventually prescribed under this Bill.
I ask the Minister of State four questions.
First, will the Government engage the animal welfare organisations and community caregivers in developing the subsidiary regulations under this Bill?
Second, will there be a transition period during which enforcement action is not taken against bona fide community caregivers performing basic first aid?
Third, does the Government intend to exercise the exemption power under clause 86 to provide the specific carve-outs for community animal welfare activities?
And fourth, will the Government consider developing clear, practical guidelines, distinct from the regulations themselves that explain in plain language what community caregivers can and cannot do under the new framework?
The community animal care sector in Singapore operates largely on goodwill, compassion and volunteer effort. We should regulate to protect animals, not inadvertently criminalise the very people who have been protecting them.
Sir, as a cat parent, I want to know that the professionals caring for my animals are qualified, accountable and held to high standards. This Bill promises to deliver on that assurance. But assurance on paper must translate to confidence in practice. Pet owners must be empowered to use the register and recognise unqualified practice. Enforcement must be resourced to match the ambition of this framework and the community caregivers who have been looking after Singapore's animals long before this Bill, the volunteers who feed the community cats, nurse injured wildlife and staff our shelters must not find themselves on the wrong side of a law meant to protect the very animals they serve.
Notwithstanding my queries and clarifications, I support the Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr David Hoe.
Mr David Hoe (Jurong East-Bukit Batok): Mr Deputy Speaker, I am speaking in support of the Veterinary Practice Bill.
NParks noted during public consultations that Singapore has over 690 licensed veterinarians in October 2025. This is five and a half times more than the number in 2006. This shows that the sector has grown in size, scope and complexity since then.
As pet ownership rises, the range of treatments also expands. Our laws must keep pace and this is exactly what this Bill is trying to do, by ensuring that there is qualified care given. This Bill matters because public concerns about animal welfare and accountability have sharpened over the years, including after high-profile incidents in the wider animal care ecosystem.
But beyond individual incidents, I observe a deeper shift that is taking place in this country. As Singapore progresses beyond our first 60 years, our sense of compassion is also broadening. More people do not just only care about themselves and also just human outcomes, but they also care about the welfare of animals around them. And I see this in every single day settings.
In Clementi for instance, some residents are deeply committed to caring for community cats' well-being. In October 2025, I organised a convening between Clementi residents, NParks, AVS and Town Councils where views were actively and passionately aired about how animal welfare can be better safeguarded.
Their concerns are not abstract. They speak from daily caregiving experience, they want to see these animals live well, cared for and a system that responds more compassionately and effectively. What stood out to me was that the residents were not asking for more rules. They were asking for clearer processes, greater empathy and a stronger confidence that the relevant systems would work well when for the animal welfare's concern.
It is against this backdrop, I support the Bill because it entails guardrails for animal welfare by ensuring baseline through having needing prescribed qualifications for veterinarians. However, I have three broad concerns, and I hope the Government can address.
First, it is about the accessibility and talent pipeline for the veterinarian profession. When I speak to young people about their aspirations, their responses are highly diverse. Some want to be lawyers, some want to be doctors, some want to be pilots. But there are also some that tell me that I want to be a vet when I grow older, and this is also reflected in my recent Clementi Community Run, where a youth shared with me when she was much younger, she aspired to be an animal doctor then.
But this particular aspiration usually comes from something simple. When I ask why, this aspiration is shaped by their lived experience. A visit to the zoo, caring for a pet at home or even just wandering around our neighbourhood shops, looking at the pet shops. You see, it is my belief that in Singapore we must be able to tell every single child that their aspirations can be realised and is not a function of their family income.
While I appreciate this Bill providing greater clarity on the qualification and registration framework for those who want to practise as veterinarians in Singapore, I would like to invite you now to join me on a journey to realise what does it take to realise this aspiration. To be fair, the landscape has improved, because before 2018, the only way that you can pursue the relevant qualification to become a veterinarian, was to do this overseas.
Today, the National University of Singapore's (NUS') Life Science's concurrent programme with the University of Melbourne, Doctor of Veterinarian Medicine, or known as DVM, is a pathway to be able to get such qualification. However, it is relatively costly in terms of time, commitment and also finances.
First, you need to first spend five regular semesters in NUS, then following a year in Melbourne to read the first year of DVM, continued with three more years as a full-time international student in Melbourne to complete this DVM. The University of Melbourne's international tuition fee for DVM is nearly A$86,000 per year as of 2026. This means a student would typically have to pay $300,000 or more in tuition fees to be able to complete this concurrent degree programme. There are also other hidden costs as well, such as accommodation, transportation and daily necessities.
So, while this is a good thing that we have at least a local-linked pathway, the financial barriers are real. I say this not as a criticism of this Bill, because after all, this is not a higher education Bill. But once Parliament puts a stronger statutory framework for this particular profession, then I think it is reasonable that we ask whether we can enhance our talent development strategy in this particular sector.
I therefore ask MND, NParks and also MOE, and as well as our institutes of higher learning (IHLs), whether we can study how to be more deliberate to reduce the financial barriers before enrolling into such programmes. This could take the form of these few things: a bonded scholarship, bursary, enhanced study grants, structured sponsorship for Singaporeans prepared to serve in the sector after graduation.
If deeper institution partnership is explored over time, perhaps the Government and our IHLs can also study what are the ways to moderate cost burden for students on such concurrent programme pathways, so the overseas component does not become a decisive barrier. For example, can they still pay local school fees while studying abroad, because this is quite similar to students when they go overseas for exchange.
I note positively there are existing schemes. Let me share some. NParks' Study Grants Programme supports Singapore Citizens pursuing a full-time veterinary programme in an accredited overseas university, and also NParks-Peter Lim Scholarship explicitly supports less privileged youths pursuing careers in the veterinary and animal science sector.
This, in my view, are good moves. But my question is, are they enough, relative to the cost and the length of the pathways and whether there could be more upstream support needed so that talent is not simply lost because this route is too expensive. NParks itself has said that pet ownership is on the rise and Singapore's veterinary sector is expanding to meet this growing demand for high quality animal care. At the same time, Singaporeans' households are keeping pets. Expectation of care have also risen. In fact, I also do know of a number of Clementi residents that recently just did a career switch to go into the animal care industry.
So, when we talk about building pipeline to this profession, we are not planning for a shrinking sector, because the demand looks to me like it is likely going to continue rising. Against this backdrop, I also wonder whether we should consider a full local DVM programme hosted by one of our autonomous universities, as well as maybe degree partnership, where we have more locally delivered components for our current local foreign veterinary programme offerings, stronger clinical placement arrangement.
More broadly, I want to be able to look at every single child in Singapore and say that your aspiration matters. We have the pathways and structures to enable you to realise your aspiration and your aspiration is not a function of your family's income.
I recognise that the points that I have raised cut across the purview of several Ministries, MOE, the Ministry of Manpower, and it does not strictly fall under the purview of MND. But in the spirit of a whole-of-Government collaboration and since this Bill established a legal framework that defines who can practise as a vet, then the broader question is, how do we develop pipeline into this profession should also be considered.
I kid you not – I hesitated for a while and I asked myself whether should I even raise this, because what I have just raised goes beyond the strict four corners of the Bill. But I chose to do so because I believe Singapore must be a place where passion is made possible and not quietly limited by cost constraints.
Second, I hope the Ministry can also focus on developing wider talent pipeline for veterinary and animal care ecosystem broadly. This is because a strong animal care sector does not only run on veterinarians. It also requires veterinary technicians, nurses, animal care workers and other support roles. In this regard, Temasek Polytechnic already offers a diploma in veterinary technology and Singapore Food Agency's sector career page lists that this particular diploma, it is a full-time pathway into a broader agrifood and animal care space.
However, at the Institute of Technical Education (ITE) level, I realise that the publicly visible offering seems to be shorter courses or part-time animal care and grooming programmes, such as basic aquatic animal care, with a course duration of seven hours, and a certificate of competency in dog care and grooming with a duration of 14 hours.
As it stands today, I am really not sure whether there are fuller ITE pathways relevant to veterinary or animal care work. It would be helpful for the Ministry to be able to clarify this.
If the response is no or not yet, then I hope the Government will consider more structured pathways to be developed over time, especially since NParks have already said in the longer term, the Veterinary Council will also regulate veterinary nurses, which will play an important role in supporting animal care. This matters because a good system allows people with different strengths, academic profiles and financial starting points to contribute meaningfully. Not everyone will become a vet, but many can still play a part in this high-quality animal care ecosystem if we build proper pathways there.
My third point concerns public assurance, governance and how this framework will work in practice. I spoke at length about pathways; now let me move to clause 18, which introduces a category known as restricted registration for individuals who may not hold qualification from prescribed universities, but they demonstrate necessary training, knowledge, skills and experience. For pet owners and animal lovers, this clarity of this area is important because the Council is expected to also provide more details at a later point, clear public communication on what this restricted registration allows or does not allow to do matters, because it gives pet owners that level of security to know who is giving their pet care and what can they do.
I also support the composition of the Veterinary Council, which include experienced veterinarians and laypersons. However, I would like to have a little bit more elaboration on what exactly are the expertise are we looking at for the layperson? What are they expected to bring to the table? What are the broad considerations that will guide their selection?
I would also appreciate some clarification on the requirement to have at least a fully registered vet on the Council, because it says that it must have at least 10 years of experience as a vet. Does this mean continuous practice or cumulative practice over time? And what reference point does experience starts counting from? Why do I ask? Because some vets or some animal doctors might take a career break at some point and return. The moment that they return and when they have first started, do we look at these years as part of the 10 years of experience as a vet?
On disciplinary matters, I welcome the Bill because it provides a more developed framework for complaints assessment, disciplinary committees, interim orders, investigation, appeals and penalties. NParks has said that this framework has developed with reference from professional regimes in healthcare and the built environment, as well as overseas veterinary statutory boards. This is reassuring, especially because the Bill itself says that for unauthorised practice and related misconduct also carry significant penalties of a $50,000 fine and/or up to 12 months of imprisonment. However, I would like to clarify how the MND arrived at this, and what benchmark were they using to determine this? At the end of the day, we want to be able to ensure that the cost of committing a crime is high enough that it will deter others from doing it.
More broadly, I would also like to understand how the appeals framework will operate in practice. For example, if a certain appeal is routed to the Minister, or where decisions are made across different stages that involves the same bodies, there may be questions about how independent and clearly separated the processes are perceived to be. In a professional regulatory system, it is not only just actual fairness that matters, but is also perceived neutrality. So, it would be helpful if the Ministry could clarify how the framework has been designed to ensure that confidence can be maintained on both fronts.
Mr Deputy Speaker, in closing, this Bill plays an important step in building a stronger and a more credible veterinary profession in Singapore. It gives pet owners greater assurance, gives the profession clearer legal footing and gives the public stronger grounds on what standards to expect.
But the job does not end with regulation alone. We should also make pathways into this profession more accessible, make standards clearer for the public and build a system done well in preventing potential harm to our pets and our animals.
If we get this right, then I will be also able to say to a young Singaporean that if your dream, your aspiration is to be an animal doctor, there are clear pathways and structures for you to get there; and for you to achieve this aspiration, it is never a function of your family's income.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Assoc Prof Jamus Lim.
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim (Sengkang): Sir, when I was a little boy, like so many children, I wanted a pet dog. Growing up with asthma, however, the doctors advised against it. Yet, my family, especially my mother, loved animals. And when I went abroad to study, Mom seized the opportunity to adopt a miniature schnauzer. She named her Carmel.
Unfortunately, in 2018, Carmel suffered a heart attack. At the time, we did not have a car, but lived about a half kilometre away from an animal hospital. I vividly recall carrying her trembling body and the two of us running in our flip-flops to the facility. Sadly, we were too late. And despite the best efforts of the vet there, we lost Carmel.
My mother went into mourning for a month. For those of us that have loved and lost pets, you would understand how that feels. They are not just an animal. They are part of the family. Mom would have spared no expense to save her beloved Carmel, even if she had been informed in advance that the chances were slim.
In that instance, we had little reason to believe that the veterinary team was not trying their best to save our pet, and I am sure this is the case for almost all cases handled by animal professionals. But complications rise whenever an animal dies. In cases like these, the grieving family may seek an outlet for blame, whether justified or not. Sometimes, the vet may indeed have been negligent. Other times, they, as humans, may have made inadvertent errors. Yet, other times, they may have done everything possible, but the interventions were simply ineffective.
This is why I support the formation of the Veterinary Council, the principal focus of Part 2 of the Bill. The Council appears similar to other professional bodies of this nature, such as the Medical Council, Law Society or Board of Architects, and will go some way toward adjudicating cases that fall into the grey areas. This task currently falls to the AVA. However, I believe that most would agree that adjudication over sophisticated technical judgements is best undertaken by a jury of like-minded, comparably-skilled peers.
While the AVA can, and currently does, credibly perform this role, it will always be a continuous challenge to resource this capacity, rather than to decentralise the regulatory process to other expert voices, such as the Council.
There are, of course, residual concerns, typical of all such self-regulatory settings, that such a body may choose to protect their own. And even in the absence of explicit bias, the similarity of background and training may predispose such veterinarians to groupthink, imparting an implicit bias that would be more forgiving of otherwise unforgivable errors and mistakes.
There is no perfect solution to this, other than to point out that there are actually well understood mechanisms to mitigate such a risk. Common strategies include providing an alternative channel of appeal or an escalation mechanism, should the first decision be deemed unsatisfactory.
I believe the Bill provides as a standard for this Government's legislative approach for recourse via appeal to the Minister. I would be interested to know if there are any plans for a second-tier peer review for Veterinary Council decisions prior to such appeal. Might the Interim Orders Committee, detailed in clause 68, be such a body seeing that they are vested with the authority to revoke, vary or replace orders.
Another safeguard, which is currently implicit in the Bill, is to ensure that not just the supply, but also the demand side of the equation is being represented on the Council. According to NParks, the public consultation accompanying the Bill did raise suggestions for broader representation. Clause 4(3B) does stipulate that two individuals should be laypersons, but it is unclear how informed these members would be about consumer affairs. Would the Minister commit to appointing consumer side advocates for these positions, such as animal welfare group or pet owner association representatives.
Relatedly, to prevent an over-representation of large holding groups or private equity-linked roll-ups, it may be wise to also ensure that one seat be taken up by a veterinary professional hailing from an independent clinic. A third channel for avoiding regulatory capture and conflicts of interest is to make clear what recusal protocols and conflict of interest mandates are in place, to ensure that in instances of investigative or disciplinary committee formation, the selected individuals do not have a clear pecuniary interest in the outcome. This is especially important, given the small size of the veterinary fraternity, which numbers only in the hundreds.
Sir, Part 5 of the Bill is concerned with investigation and disciplinary matters. In my view, this is the heart of the Bill, because a regulatory framework is only as strong as the practical implementation of fair and effective investigative actions, followed by reasonable and acceptable disciplinary procedures. I say this in part because, based on the experience of at least one of my residents, the prior regime may have fallen short. That resident has alleged that a key document submitted to AVS for investigation did not appear to be independently verified for authenticity. This, in turn, undermined her confidence in accountability of the whole process.
To be clear, I am not insinuating that there were or were not lapses in her specific case. However, I am sure that all in this House would agree that public trust and confidence in procedure is of utmost importance, regardless of whether these procedures associated with the investigation and disposal of cases are justifiable or defensible. I note that Part 6 of the Bill does confer a substantial degree of independence and authority to investigators to go about their business, which I agree with.
That said, I wonder if the Minister of State would be willing to share how they expect investigators to proceed with the verification process for evidentiary documents submitted to them. Will there be some independent corroboration of the provenance of these documents? Would the investigators seek out other credible authorities and agencies, such as the Singapore Police Force, to support the investigation process, if necessary?
I will leave us with one final thought, albeit slightly outside the formal scope of the present Bill. Beyond veterinary practice, we must also continue to refine our laws that protect the welfare of animals in line with the spirit of the Bill. Recent events, such as the well reported cases of abuse of cats at Everton Park and Punggol, and the throwing of cats off high floors, hinted the disturbing rise in recorded cases of cruelty inflicted on animals. Indeed, even as confirmed cases fell, from 961 in 2024, to 608 last year, the absolute number is not befitting of an educated populace and advanced society.
I understand that MND is undertaking a review of the ABA, which was last amended in 2014. As of March this year, this is still ongoing. Would the Ministry be willing to share when this review is expected to conclude and when we might expect a Bill to be debated in this House?
Sir, I believe that nobody speaking on this Bill is suggesting the animal welfare be placed at the same level as human welfare. There are many instances, especially when we go about our estate management matters, where we often need to take difficult decisions about prioritising our residents' legitimate concerns about noise and hygiene against the desire to cherish animals that live alongside us.
Still, in any advanced society, we must hold ourselves to a standard of how we treat other living things in our midst. This principle becomes even more stark when, as is often the case with veterinary services, we are dealing with the lives of animals that are often regarded as part of the household. This Bill is a natural step in ensuring that our furry friends and family are treated right by those tasked with their physiological well-being. I support the Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Dr Choo Pei Ling.
Dr Choo Pei Ling (Chua Chu Kang): Mr Deputy Speaker, I would like to declare that I am a registered allied health professional in both Singapore and the UK, regulated by the Allied Health Professions Council and the Health and Care Professions Council, as well as a member of the Singapore Physiotherapy Association and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy in the UK.
So, this Bill speaks to something I have seen very clearly in healthcare. How trust in a profession is built – and how easily it can be eroded if we are not careful.
In Tengah, many of my residents are young families and many have pets. They tell me they want more places to walk with them, to sit with them after a meal, to let them run safely. It reflects something simple: that pets are part of everyday life.
But when something goes wrong, the conversation changes. One resident told me she hesitated when her pet needed treatment – not because she did not care, but because she was not sure what she was agreeing to. And I think many people will recognise this. Because when something goes wrong, it is not just the bill that people worry about, it is whether they are making the right decision at all.
And that is why this Bill matters. Because at its core, this Bill is about trust. But in practice, people do not read regulations. They read people and they trust what they see in front of them. So, if we want to build trust, we must make sure what they see is clear, consistent and credible.
That is why the direction of this Bill is the right one – establishing a Veterinary Council, strengthening registration, requiring continuing professional education and putting in place a clear disciplinary framework. These are not just regulatory changes. They are the foundations of a profession that people can have confidence in. But if we are serious about trust, then we must also be very deliberate about how we design it.
The first is the Veterinary Council itself. The Council will shape standards, oversee conduct and influence how the profession evolves. It must be credible to the profession and it must be trusted by the public. That means having the right mix of expertise across different areas of practice and processes that are clearly fair and impartial.
It also means that where serious disciplinary findings are made, that they are communicated with sufficient clarity, so that both professionals and the public understand what is expected. Because if people cannot see how standards are applied, they will not feel assured that they exist.
The second is clarity in qualifications and titles. For most people, trust begins with what they see – a name, a designation, a title. And the reality is this: most people will not know the difference between one qualification and another, but they will live with the consequences.
So, what matters is not just how qualifications are assessed, but how clearly they are understood. There should be transparency in what is recognised, how specialist titles are determined and what these mean in practice. Because a title can reassure, even when it should not. And if we are not careful, that reassurance can be misplaced.
The third is how we approach restricted practice. Such pathways serve a purpose. They allow entry into the profession while maintaining safeguards. But we must be careful, because if we are not careful, what starts as a pathway can quietly become a standard.
So, there must be clarity on scope, on progression and on how competence is assessed over time. And we should think carefully about who is entrusted to train others, because who we allow to train matters – that is how standards rise or slip. In healthcare, supervision is not a formality. It is a safeguard and that principle applies just as strongly here.
The fourth is continuing professional education. This is essential. But it is also where intent and implementation can diverge. If it becomes a matter of ticking boxes rather than strengthening practice, then we risk losing its purpose. So, as this framework develops, it will be important to ensure that it remains meaningful, relevant and reflective of how practice continues to evolve.
Mr Deputy Speaker, let me return to something residents raise often. It is not simply that veterinary costs are expensive. It is not just that care is expensive. It is that people do not know where it will end. Once they say yes, they feel like they have to keep saying yes. And that is a difficult position for any family. Not because they do not love their pet but because they are unsure. And over time, that uncertainty changes how people feel about the entire system.
While pricing may sit outside the scope of this Bill, transparency is something we can strengthen. Clearer communication, better upfront estimates and a more consistent approach across the sector would go a long way. Because when people do not understand the costs, they begin to question the care. And that is something that we should not allow to take root.
Finally, this Bill also points to the future of veterinary care. Care today is no longer delivered by one person alone. It is delivered by teams – veterinarians, nurses, rehabilitation professionals and many others. If we want better outcomes, then we must think ahead in how we structure this wider ecosystem, with clear roles, clear standards and clear accountability. Because good professionals matter, but the system around them matters just as much.
Mr Deputy Speaker, this Bill reflects how our society has evolved and how expectations of care have grown. But the real measure of its success will not be in what we pass today. It will be in what people experience tomorrow. Because, in the end, how we treat animals says something about us. But how we organise care, that says even more.
I support the Bill and I look forward to the Minister of State’s response on these points.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Assoc Prof Jamus Lim, do you have a clarification of your previous speech? Please go ahead.
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim: Sir, I was informed earlier that when I said, \"Everton Park and Punggol\", it came across as \"Everton Park in Punggol\". I just wish to state for the record that it was an \"and\" as a conjunction and not \"in\".
Mr Deputy Speaker: Anything else?
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim: No, Sir. Thank you.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Kenneth Tiong.
Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat (Aljunied): Sir, I have three points to clarify on the Veterinary Practice Bill.
First, the Bill sets up Singapore's first Veterinary Council and the aim to raise standards is welcomed. But every Council member is picked by a Minister who can remove any member for any reason. He has the final appeal against the Council's recommendations.
The Medical Council and the Dental Council both have, by statute, elected members from the profession – 12 out of 27 for the Medical Council and five out of 13 for the Dental Council. Why depart from that statutory elected member model here and what safeguards ensure vets have a real voice in their own oversight?
The consultation outcome did promise to include veterinary professionals on the Council but unlike the Medical Registration Act and the Dental Registration Act, the Bill does not make that representation statutory.
Second, smaller practices will likely bear a heavier burden from future Council rules than chains like Mars Veterinary Health, which runs at least 19 out of Singapore's 121 licensed vet centres, about one in six. Regulatory costs that are marginal for a large chain can be more significant for a small practice. Section 87(3) states, \"Regulations made under this Act may make different provisions or prescribe different fees for different classes of persons or different circumstances\", and all regulations require the Minister's approval under sections 87(1) and 87(2).
Will the Ministry commit to using the differential fee power in section 87(3) to ensure that regulatory costs do not accelerate the consolidation the vet profession is already experiencing?
Since no regulation the Council makes can take effect without the Minister's approval, I would urge the Ministry to assess before granting that approval, whether compliance costs fall proportionately on small practices relative to their fixed cost base, and to require the Council to invoke section 87(3) where they do not.
Third, the Bill sets the standard but there can be multiple paths to meet it. Singapore has no veterinary degree programme. All 690-plus practising veterinarians trained overseas. When Member Ms Valerie Lee asked MOE in February 2026 about introducing a local veterinary science degree, the reply was that MOE would monitor and assess.
I, like my colleague, Mr Louis Chua, and Member Mr David Hoe support the idea of a local vet degree.
If the goal is higher standards, why not build a local training path that can better guarantee those standards and give Singaporeans who want to become vets a route that does not need a costly overseas degree.
There is a strong regional case for this. No veterinary degree programme in any Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member state currently holds accreditation from the American Veterinary Medical Association, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons or the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council – the three bodies whose recognition permits practice in North America, the UK and Europe and Australasia, respectively. A Singapore-based programme that secures any of these accreditations taught in English within a globally recognised university system would be a unique regional asset.
I look forward to the Ministry's reply. Thank you. And in advance of 25 April, I would like to wish all our vets, vet nurses and everyone who works with animals, \"Happy World Veterinary Day\".
Mr Deputy Speaker: Ms Diana Pang.
Ms Diana Pang Li Yen (Marine Parade-Braddell Heights): Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Veterinary Practice Bill. As a fellow pet owner, I believe this legislation is both timely and essential. It rightly acknowledges the critical role the vets play, not just in safeguarding animal health but also in providing a peace of mind to families who entrust their beloved pets to their care. With the increasing prevalence of pet ownership and our rising expectations for animal welfare, establishing a clearer and more robust framework for this profession is a necessary and forward-thinking step. I commend the Government for bringing this important Bill forward.
As this field continues to evolve, it is crucial that we ensure law enhances standards without inadvertently placing undue pressures on the sector. For many Singaporeans, practical concerns loom large – the affordability of the bills, the meaningful and insurance options, the adequacy of local training for future vets and the presence of a reliable safety net for severe complications.
Therefore, while I wholeheartedly support the Bill, I urge the Government to use this opportunity to think more broadly about the sector.
First, a significant concern for many pet owners is the escalating cost of the bills. While most owners are committed to providing responsible care, the cumulative expenses of diagnostic tests, surgeries, hospital stays and follow-up treatments can lead to unexpected and substantial bills. For some families, this presents a genuine affordability challenge, sometimes forcing them to delay or decline necessary treatment or to struggle financially even when they wish to do the best for their fur-child.
As we elevate professional standards, it is equally important to explore ways to make the care more accessible and manageable. I hope the Government will investigate strategies to improve affordability and price transparency, ensuring that pet owners are not left feeling shocked or helpless when critical medical interventions are required.
Second, insurance and whether there should be a compensation fund. The role of insurance in mitigating the financial impact of veterinary care is undeniable. However, many pet owners may lack clarity on the available policies, their precise coverage or the practicalities of making their claims. Some may even believe they are adequately covered, only later to discover the exclusions and limitations or when the treatments become absolutely necessary.
So, while educating the public about pet insurance is vital, I propose a more comprehensive approach: do consider the establishment of a compensation fund, potentially pooled across the profession. This fund could serve as a crucial safety net in serious cases where a veterinarian's negligence results in loss, where insurance proves inadequate, unavailable or has lapsed. We see similar concepts in other professions. For instance, the legal profession has a compensation fund and the Motor Insurers' Bureau of Singapore provides compensation for victims of uninsured or untraceable drivers.
I believe the veterinary sector should explore a similar industry-wide pooled fund as a last resort, ensuring that pet owners are not left without a practical remedy when unforeseen and severe circumstances arise.
Third, as the profession evolves, advertising should be approached with care. While some degree of advertising may be acceptable, it should also be governed by stringent ethical guidelines. Veterinary services are not mere commercial commodities. They involve professional judgement, public trust and the welfare of animals. Advertising should therefore be free from misleading claims, exaggeration or aggressive techniques and this could pressure clinics into prioritising commercial competition over professional standards.
I propose that the Government implement an advertising framework that ensures fairness for all veterinarians, avoiding any tilt in favour of larger corporate entities with greater marketing resources. Such a move would help prevent smaller, independent practices from being disadvantaged, thereby preserving the diversity, sustainability and competitive balance within the sector. Furthermore, an uncontrolled increase in marketing competition would inadvertently drive up business costs, which may ultimately be passed on to pet owners. So, I urge the Government to ensure that any framework for the vets’ advertising is underpinned by robust ethics safeguards, maintaining the professionalism, fairness and long-term sustainability for the sector.
Fourth, the pipeline of future vets and whether Singapore should move towards a local vet school. As spoken by many of my colleagues in this Parliament, if we want a strong veterinary profession in Singapore, we must not think just about regulations. We should also think about training and about the future pipeline of vets.
Today, Singapore still relies heavily on overseas education. While the National University of Singapore has a pathway linked to the University of Melbourne, it is not the same as having a fully local veterinary degree and training system here in Singapore. Studying overseas is costly and this may put the profession out of reach for capable Singaporeans.
So, I ask the Ministry whether the Government has done a study on the demand for the studies in Singapore and how many local students each year have to study overseas if they want to become vets. I also ask whether the statistics support opening a full-time vet school in Singapore and if so, how would such a school or course be regulated, how clinical training would be supervised, and how specialist training would fit within the registration framework under this Bill.
If we care about standards, access and long-term resilience, then the pipeline matters. A stronger local pathway can help Singaporeans and Singapore build a deeper bench of veterinarians with local knowledge and long-term commitment.
I also want to raise one specific issue on the disciplinary framework under the Bill.
The Bill allows the Interim Orders Committee to suspend or restrict a vet for up to 18 months even before the disciplinary matter is finally decided. This is serious stuff, affecting livelihood, reputation and the right to practise. Yet, unlike the Disciplinary Committee, there does not appear to be a requirement for a legal professional to sit on the Interim Orders Committee itself. I therefore ask why no legal professional is specifically required at this stage.
Where powers of this seriousness are exercised, it would be good to have a legal professional on the Interim Orders Committee to provide safeguards against procedures and substantive irregularities and errors and to uphold rules of fairness and procedural justice during disciplinary proceedings for vets.
Sixth, pro bono and community veterinary support. Every profession has a role to play in social responsibility. In a sector that intersects with both animal welfare and the well-being of households, we should explore the potential for pro bono or community veterinary support, particularly for lower-income pet owners, urgent welfare cases and rescue organisations.
I am not suggesting an obligatory burden on every clinic. But the sector, in collaboration with the Government, could explore more structured support mechanisms for genuine cases of need. One practical step could involve veterinarians declaring their pro bono hours during their annual licence renewal or consider this as part of the continuing professional education. This would enable the Ministry to track such contributions and foster a stronger culture of service and community engagement among veterinarians.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, while I support this Bill, I hope we will not regard this as the end of the conversation. A truly effective veterinary service system is one that not only regulates professionals adeptly but is also one that ordinary Singaporeans trust, understand and access. It must provide robust protection for the public in serious situations, strengthen our local pipeline of future veterinarians, ensure disciplinary powers are wielded with appropriate safeguards and maintain a fair and sustainable professional landscape as the sector continues to evolve. For all these reasons, I support the Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Minister of State Alvin Tan, you have a clarification for a Member who has spoken before you?
Mr Alvin Tan: Thank you, Deputy Speaker. I just wanted to clarify with the Member, Assoc Prof Jamus Lim, with regard to the statements he made earlier on about Part 5 of the Bill.
The Member had said that, I quote, \"Based on the experience of at least one of my residents, the prior regime may have fallen short and that the resident had alleged that the key documents submitted to AVS for investigation did not appear to be independently verified for authenticity. This in turn undermined her confidence in the accountability of the whole process\".
This is an important clarification because it also calls into question the standard of AVS and our officers. So, I would like for the Member to qualify this, because he also mentioned that there is at least one resident.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Assoc Prof Jamus Lim, would you like to reply to that invitation? Please proceed.
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim: Thank you, Speaker. This was an incident where the resident had filed multiple appeals. I am sure that you can check with the Ministry with regard to the chain of events.
To be clear, I represented her case and I also said in my speech that I was not insinuating whether there were any lapses in her case or not, by AVS. But the point I was trying to make, and I will repeat it here, is that public trust and confidence in procedure is really important. And that is why I supported Part 6 of the Bill which confers a degree of independence and authority to investigators to go about the process of investigation, which I am sure in her case would lend her greater confidence.
I also wanted to share a point she had also asked me to share – about ensuring that the verification process for evidentiary documents submitted to the authorities would also involve some degree of independent corroboration about the provenance.
So, I have mentioned those in my speech and I will reiterate that here.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Minister of State Alvin Tan, would you like to respond to that?
Mr Alvin Tan: Yes. Sir, I thank the Member for clarifying. Indeed, we will go back and check with AVS and any correspondence between the Member representing your resident and ourselves.
I agree with you that public confidence and trust is important. At the same time, we will have to substantiate any of these allegations to ensure that public trust is upheld, of course, with AVS as well as other public institutions. So, we will get back to the Member and if the Member has any further queries, please feel free to direct them to me, so we can verify.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Assoc Prof Jamus Lim, to be fair to you, is there anything else you wish to add in response?
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim: No, Speaker, other than to just point out once again that I was not taking a position that questions the professionalism of AVS, but rather representing her sentiments which, as I mentioned in my speech, when you are a grieving parent to a fur-baby, you might understandably be aggrieved and wish to look for an outlet.
Mr Deputy Speaker: No further clarifications. Then, we will move on. Dr Hamid Razak.
Dr Hamid Razak (West Coast-Jurong West): Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Veterinary Practice Bill.
This Bill is timely, because veterinary care today sits at the intersection of animal welfare, public trust and public health.
As we have seen, as pet ownership rises, so too there are expectations of care. Our regulatory framework must keep pace, not just to deter poor practice, but to protect good professionals and strengthen confidence among pet owners and the wider community.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, NParks conducted a public consultation from 31 October to 28 November last year and received 103 responses. This number reflects a sector and a public that both care deeply about standards, fairness and clarity.
This Bill too advances that direction in a very structured way. I will raise three points, in the spirit of strengthening implementation, so that the Bill uplifts standards while preserving access and trust.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, the first point is on workforce sustainability. Official consultation materials note that 690 over licensed veterinarians as of October 2025. Beyond veterinarians, there are around 1,000 to 1,500 veterinary nurses and technicians in Singapore.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, we have also seen encouraging progress in responsible pet ownership. Since the cat management framework began on 1 September 2024, about 41,000 pet cats have been licensed, and over 41,500 people completed the online pet ownership course required for first-time applicants. These efforts work best when they are matched by a professional framework that keeps the standards clear, trusted and consistent.
As we raise standards, we should also keep a close eye on a very simple reality. If standards rise while supply tightens, the lived outcome for pet owners may be longer waits, higher costs and delayed care. This of course is not the intent of this Bill.
The Bill provides levers for calibrated professionalisation. It allows the Council to impose conditions on registration, including supervised practice, performance review, limits to setting and limits to scope for defined periods, to support safe entry and progression.
In this regard, I would like to seek the Ministry's clarification on two practical areas.
First, how will recognition pathways, including for overseas-trained veterinarians, be made clear and predictable, while maintaining standards. The Bill provides for prescribed qualifications, and also for Council assessment of other qualifications and competence, including examinations where appropriate. Clear published guidance will reduce uncertainty and support consistency. This is similar to the First and Second Schedules of the Medical Registration Act, where both local and overseas qualifications are listed.
Second, what complementary measures will support retention and career development? Regulation is not only about disciplining errant practice; it is also about sustaining the workforce so that good professionals can stay and grow.
I would not like to belabour the point but like to echo the points made by colleagues in the Chamber earlier that for the longer-term pipeline, I really hope that MOE and the relevant agencies can keep under review whether there may be a case for a locally administered veterinary degree.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, good regulation should not only raise the bar. It should also widen the pathways for capable people to meet that bar, safely and fairly.
Next, Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, my second point relates to affordability and consumer trust. The consultation feedback reflected public concerns about transparency and the pricing of veterinary services. NParks has also been clear that this Bill or the scope of this Bill does not cover pricing and fees matters and that separate measures may be considered to address these concerns.
While I do agree that the Veterinary Council itself should not be the price setter, but affordability is shaped by more than just price controls. It is shaped by transparency, clear communication and the confidence pet owners have when making often difficult decisions under time pressure.
When treatment plans are especially complex and costs are uncertain, asymmetry between provider and consumer can lead to disputes, mistrust and delayed care. That certainly does not help animal welfare, and it does not help the profession.
So, even if fees are outside this Bill's scope, I encourage the Ministry and the Council to consider what can be done, through professional standards and guidance, to strengthen transparency in practice, clearer expectations around communication of options of treatment, informed consent and upfront cost discussion, especially in urgent or high-stakes situations.
This is again similar to the medical practice where financial counselling requirements come under Healthcare Services Act. This is not about policing fees but is about strengthening trust through clarity.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, my third point is a system-level one, the development of the whole animal care ecosystem.
This Bill defines what constitutes the \"practice of veterinary medicine\" and draws boundaries around key acts that require professional judgement, such as diagnosis, surgical treatment, prescription and certification. At the same time, the consultation outcome makes clear that specified groups, including students and other persons such as nurses, may perform a specified scope of activities under prescribed conditions and supervision.
This is the right principle. It protects animals and the public by keeping core judgement where it belongs, while allowing team-based care to scale safely in a protected environment.
But implementation will matter. I suggest two practical considerations.
First, provide clear and plain guidance on safe delegation and team-based workflows, including what may be done under supervision, what documentation is expected, and how accountability is preserved.
Second, I note the stated longer-term intention to regulate veterinary nurses, with an adequate transition period. A phased approach is sensible, allowing engagement, capability building and continuity of services while raising standards across the wider care team.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I close with one guiding standard. Good regulation is not only how strongly we deter misconduct. It is how confidently good professionals can practise and how clearly citizens can navigate that system.
I also note the importance of clarity in the roles of institutions. The consultation materials make clear that AVS would continue to regulate veterinary clinics and animal-related businesses and remains the first responder for animal feedback, while the Veterinary Council itself will regulate professional standards for veterinary practice. This division of responsibility should help the public know where to go to and help the sector operate with greater clarity, purpose and confidence.
With these observations, Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, offered in the spirit of strengthening the implementation and preserving trust, I support the Veterinary Practice Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Lee Hong Chuang.
Mr Lee Hong Chuang (Jurong East-Bukit Batok): Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise to support the Veterinary Practice Bill. I am delivering my speech in Mandarin.
(In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Over the past decade, Singapore society has witnessed an obvious change, especially during and after COVID-19, and that is more and more families have begun keeping pets. Whether in HDB communities or private residential areas, we can see increasing numbers of residents walking their pets, taking them to see a vet, or participating in community activities with them.
For many families, pets are no longer just animals, but important companions in their lives. Some treat pets as friends, others as family members.
I have a friend who owns a medium-sized dog shared with me his story. He said that when he gets a haircut, it costs around $20, but when his dog gets grooming care, it costs over $100 dollars. The annual pet insurance alone costs several hundred dollars. Adding up the daily expenses for treats, supplies and basic care, it amounts to a considerable sum.
Yet despite this, many people are still willing to continue keeping dogs, cats and other pets. Because for them, this is no longer simply about keeping an animal – they truly regard them as family members.
As the saying goes, humans have emotions and animals do too. When society's attitude towards animals gradually changes, our systems also need to keep pace with the times.
Mr Deputy Speaker, with the increase in pet-owning households, demand for veterinary medical services has also risen significantly. From basic vaccinations and health checks to surgical procedures and specialist treatments, Singapore's veterinary services industry is continuously developing and becoming more specialised.
Against this backdrop, establishing a clear, comprehensive and credible veterinary regulatory framework becomes extremely important.
The core objective of this Bill is to establish a more systematic regulatory system for the veterinary profession.
Firstly, the Bill establishes a Veterinary Council as the professional regulatory body for the industry, responsible for veterinary registration, practising certificate management, setting industry standards and disciplinary oversight. Secondly, the Bill establishes a clearer registration system, including full registration, restricted registration and specialist registration, and stipulates that veterinarians must hold valid practising certificates to engage in veterinary medical activities. Thirdly, the Bill clearly stipulates that only qualified registered veterinarians may conduct diagnoses, surgeries, prescribe medications or issue medical certificates, thereby ensuring the professionalism and safety of animal medical services.
At the same time, the Bill also establishes a complete complaints and disciplinary mechanism, providing the public with clear channels to lodge complaints and obtain resolution when encountering professional issues.
Mr Deputy Speaker, in my view, the significance of this Bill lies not only in industry regulation, but also in enhancing public trust in the veterinary profession. When pets become family members, people's expectations of veterinary services naturally increase. A clear, fair, and professional regulatory system can not only protect animal health and welfare, but also safeguard the rights of pet owners.
The ancients often said: when systems are established, people's hearts are at ease.
When the public knows that an industry has clear standards, oversight, and accountability mechanisms, society's trust in the entire industry will also improve accordingly.
Mr Deputy Speaker, while supporting this Bill, I would also like to raise several considerations and ask the Minister for further clarification.
Firstly, whilst establishing a stricter and more systematic regulatory framework, do we also have sufficient talent reserves to support the industry's future development? With increasing pet numbers and increasingly specialised pet medical services, Singapore's future demand for veterinary talent will likely continue to rise. Beyond regulation, should we also simultaneously consider how to attract more young people into the veterinary profession through education, training and professional development opportunities, and support local veterinarians in continuously enhancing their professional capabilities? Can we encourage local universities to set up veterinary degrees?
Secondly, after the Bill is passed, will the Government further strengthen public education so that pet owners clearly understand what constitutes a qualified veterinarian, how to identify registration categories and through which channels they should seek help or lodge complaints when encountering professional issues? Often, whilst institutions have been established, the public may not fully know how to utilise them. If the public is unclear about the differences between full registration, restricted registration and specialist registration, the Bill's protective function may be diminished in practice.
Thirdly, as pet medical technology continues to develop, the industry is gradually seeing specialist services and high-end medical care. Will the Government consider in future how to encourage professional industry development whilst also ensuring service accessibility and reasonable transparency? I believe this is also a concern for many pet owners. Many people are willing to invest in their pets and take responsibility, but they also hope for clearer communication, more transparent explanations and a stronger foundation of trust when facing treatment and medical advice.
Fourthly, beyond regulating veterinarians themselves, will there be continued review of other professional services related to animal care in future, to ensure the entire ecosystem clearly distinguishes the responsibility boundaries between professional medical care, basic care and other auxiliary services?
Today's pet industry development encompasses not just clinics, but also care, grooming, boarding, rehabilitation and other related services. If boundaries are unclear, the public may sometimes be confused about which services involve professional medical judgement, and which do not.
Mr Deputy Speaker, the relationship between humans and animals often reflects a society's level of civilisation. When we are willing to provide better medical care for animals and establish more professional and responsible industry regime, it reflects society's respect for life.
This Bill is proposed precisely against such a social backdrop. It not only improves the institutional foundation of the veterinary profession but also establishes a more solid framework for the healthy development of Singapore's pet medical industry in future.
(In English): In summary, the Veterinary Practice Bill provides a much-needed framework to strengthen the regulation and professional standards of veterinary practice in Singapore. As more Singaporeans welcome pets into their homes, animals are increasingly regarded not merely as companions, but as members of the family. This shift in social attitudes means that the public rightly expects a high level of professionalism, accountability and trust in veterinary services.
This Bill helps meet that expectation by establishing the Veterinary Council, setting clear standards for registration and practising certificates, and putting in place a structured process to address complaints and disciplinary matters. In doing so, it strengthens both public confidence and the integrity of the veterinary profession.
At the same time, I hope we will continue to ask how the framework can be supported in practice. Do we have a sufficient pipeline of veterinary talent for the future? How can we better help pet owners understand the system and identify duly qualified veterinarians? And as the sector continues to grow and specialise, how can we balance professional advancement with accessibility, transparency and trust?
These are important questions as we move forward. Notwithstanding these, I support the Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Cai Yinzhou.
Mr Cai Yinzhou (Bishan-Toa Payoh): Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Bill. It strengthens animal welfare by ensuring veterinarians are held to high professional standards. It builds public trust through mandatory licensing and clearer processes for managing feedback and complaints. Nevertheless, I would like to raise some points for the Ministry's consideration.
First, I would like to ask what steps the Ministry will take to attract and retain talent in our veterinarian industry.
The supply-demand gap is stark. The number of licensed veterinarians in Singapore has grown significantly from just 122 in 2006 to 674 as of September last year. Yet demand has grown even faster. We have an estimated pet population of about 700,000, including some 114,000 dogs and 94,000 cats, with about one in three households now owning a pet. That is a lot of pets. This translates to roughly one veterinarian for every 1,186 animals, with some of the 674 not working full-time. The profession has expanded, but it has not kept pace with demand.
It also suffers from high stress, long hours and burn-out, driving many local vets to work in Australia or the UK. The brain drain has a direct knock-on effect on costs. Vet fees rose by up to 20% in 2022. The Bill's additional regulatory requirements risk compounding this, adding compliance burdens that may deter talent from entering or staying in the profession.
Will the Ministry consider expanding the list of recognised overseas veterinary qualification and exploring Singapore-based pathways to licensing, so that aspiring vets are not compelled to study abroad and potentially settle there?
Secondly, staying on the topic of cost, I would like to ask whether the Ministry will consider targeting veterinary subsidies for specific groups. There is currently only one non-profit community animal clinic in Singapore, run by the SPCA, serving pet guardians in financial hardship, supplemented by ad hoc free health screenings for lower-income households. This is insufficient for our growing pet population.
I would highlight two groups that we might consider subsidies for. First, rescue and shelter pets. Adoption rates at the SPCA have decreased sharply, from 979 in 2019 to just 250 last year, while rescues have climbed from 2,813 in 2023 to 3,763 last year. Vet bills have risen over 30% since 2022. Subsidised veterinary care for adopted rescue pets from approved rescuers could incentivise adoption and relieve pressures on overstretched shelters.
Animals serving an assisted function deserve some considerations too. Guide dogs for the visually impaired, or therapy animals that provide genuine medical and social value. While Guide Dogs Singapore subsidises some routine care, some financial burden on dog owners remains significant. Will the Ministry consider formalising support for these animals?
Third, I would like to ask the Ministry to clarify the scope of practices that must be performed by a licensed veterinarian, in particular, whether the regulation of pet groomers or practices in the ornamental fish industry can be considered alongside the Bill.
There is no legal requirement for pet groomers to be professionally trained or certified. We have also heard about the tragedies – the death of Fendi the Corgi, who choked during a grooming session; the ACRES White Paper last year had also flagged concerns about the unregulated industry. There is a growing grey area where grooming shades into veterinary practice. For instance, when a groomer handles a pet with an existing skin condition or infection.
Fish cosmetic surgery is a particularly stark example of invasive procedures carried out without medical oversight. In Singapore, Arowana fish are routinely subject to eye lifts, chin jobs, scale shaving and swim bladder repairs by non-vets. A Singapore aquarium magazine also once published a step-by-step guide to tail amputation on Flowerhorn cichlids using scissors without anaesthetic and dye injection into Parrot cichlids using hypodermic needles. Many of these aesthetic services continue to be openly publicising in the ornamental fish industry.
Will the Ministry or Veterinary Council issue clear guidelines on which procedures might need a licensed vet and consider a basic certification framework for pet groomers?
A related concern is the rise of non-conventional animal therapies – from stem cell treatments to administering horse injections, medications to dogs and cats – amplified by social media. AVS and the Singapore Veterinary Association in this regard, have jointly published the Veterinary Therapeutic Guidelines in response and these remain voluntary. Will the Ministry consider empowering the Veterinary Council to enforce minimum standards for non-conventional therapies, protecting pet owners from treatments that are unproven or potentially harmful?
Fourth, the Bill will first apply to veterinarians before eventually extending to veterinary nurses. I welcome this. However, the Veterinary Council was originally slated for establishment last year and was delayed. Will the Ministry provide a concrete timeline for when veterinary nurses will be brought under the framework, so the profession can anticipate and plan accordingly?
This also aligns with pricing transparency, where the Veterinary Therapeutic Guidelines already recommend that vets provide clinics with cost estimates and disclose the evidence base for such treatments, but this is currently voluntary. Given that vet fees rose by up to 20% between 2022 and 2023, and that this Bill may add further compliance costs, will the Ministry therefore consider making pricing transparency and informed consent on costs a statutory obligation under the Bill?
Notwithstanding these clarifications, I support this Bill and look forward to the Ministry's response.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Yip Hon Weng.
Mr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang): Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, during my house visits, I often meet residents who are deeply devoted to their pets.
Ms C, a Yio Chu Kang resident, is one of them. She has even helped to organise pet shows and events in our constituency. A few years ago, when her dog passed away, it was a very difficult time for her. When I visited her again recently, she showed me photos, paintings she had kept and even a tattoo of her dog's name on her arm. For her and for many Singaporeans, animals are no longer just pets. They are family. When a family member falls ill, we do not ask for the bare minimum. We expect care that is modern, professional and accountable.
This Bill reflects that shift. It marks an important transition from a licensing regime to a professional regulatory framework, recognising that the veterinary sector has grown in scale, complexity and public expectations.
I support this Bill's intent. The establishment of the Veterinary Council, with powers to register vets, set standards, accredit training and enforce discipline, is a significant step towards professionalising the sector. The tiered registration system and continuing professional education requirements will raise standards across the board.
However, residents will ultimately judge this Bill not by its structures, but by whether it gives them the confidence at the point of care. I have several clarifications on the Bill.
First, Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, vet services must remain affordable and accessible.
Pet ownership today is not a luxury. Pets are a source of emotional support for seniors, children and families with special needs. Beyond households, community caregivers, independent rescuers and animal shelters pay out of their own pockets to care for animals which may not even be their own.
Yet, the cost of veterinary care has become a growing concern. Prices vary widely. There is no clear benchmarking. There is little predictability for families.
A consultation may cost $50 to $70. Pre-surgery bloodwork can exceed $300. Hospitalisation can cost hundreds of dollars a night and emergency care can easily exceed $500. For chronic conditions, such as kidney or liver failure, it is not uncommon to see caregivers crowdfunding five-figure sums to save an animal.
To be fair, vets face rising costs in commercial rent, diagnostic equipment and imported medicines. But recognising these pressures does not resolve the burden on residents.
Affordability was one of the most prominent concerns raised during the public consultation. Yet, veterinary fees fall outside the scope of this Bill.
From the resident's perspective, regulating quality without a concrete affordability and transparency roadmap feels incomplete. Pet owners experience quality and price at the same counter, often during a stressful emergency. Why should they wait for a future policy response when this concern is already well-established?
If stronger regulations increase compliance and operational costs, what assurance do we have that households will not face even steeper bills?
I have four specific questions on this.
First, will the Ministry commit to a clear timeline for these separate affordability and transparency measures?
Second, while we wait, can we mandate fee transparency immediately? Will the Council require clinics to provide itemised billing, written pre-treatment estimates for non-emergency procedures and clearer financial consent before significant treatments? Will the Council also publish fee benchmarks so that people know the sort of ranges to expect and for other vets to benchmark themselves, like in the medical sector?
Third, will the Ministry actively monitor whether the implementation of this Bill correlates with rising consumer costs?
Fourth, will the Ministry work with the industry to help manage the underlying drivers of these costs, such as commercial rent and medicine procurement?
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, a well-regulated sector is not enough if residents cannot afford to say yes to critical treatment. Access does not begin at the clinic door. Access begins at the bill.
Second, Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, residents want a competent team to treat their pet. When a family hands over their pet for a major procedure, they face a sobering reality. There is always a risk that the animal may never wake up. Because the stakes are high, they want assurance.
The Bill defines the practice of veterinary medicine broadly but allows certain acts to be performed by non-vets under supervision. Importantly, high-risk procedures, such as the administration of anaesthesia are not excluded. Yet, the regulatory framework for veterinary nurses and paraprofessionals is not yet in place. This creates a regulatory gap.
The Council is tasked with setting standards and requiring continuing professional education for vets, but the paraprofessionals assisting them remain in legislative limbo.
I have several questions.
What does \"under veterinary supervision\" mean in practice for high-risk procedures? Is this supervision direct, on-site and immediate or merely general supervision or consultation should any issues arise from another room? If a veterinary nurse is permitted to administer anaesthesia under supervision, what competency assurance exists right now, before their regulatory framework is in place? Can the Ministry clarify when these additional provisions relating to paraprofessionals, will be introduced? Will the Ministry commit to publishing the supervision guidelines before the main operational provisions of this Bill commence? Will the Council provide a clear, public list of high-risk acts requiring tighter, direct vet involvement? Finally, do residents have the right to know exactly who is clinically responsible at each stage of their pet's treatment? When the risks and corresponding costs are high, clarity cannot be left to interpretation.
Third, Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, residents need clear and accessible information to make informed choices. The Bill introduces a structured registration system of full, restricted and specialist categories. This is a positive step. However, the information currently made available to the public is limited to name, place of practice, qualifications and registration date. This is not enough.
As Vice Chair of the Health Government Parliamentary Committee (GPC), I have seen how transparency builds trust. In human medicine, the Singapore Medical Council provides a clear benchmark. The public can check a doctor's registration type, specialist branch, practising certificate status and active conditions or restrictions.
If we treat our pets like family and vets like professionals, residents deserve a similar level of clarity. A public register should be a tool for informed choice, not just a list of degrees. Hence, will the Veterinary Council's public register be aligned with the Singapore Medical Council's standards? Will it include specialist branches, practising certificate status and active conditions or restrictions? Pet owners should not need specialist knowledge just to understand who is qualified to do what, right now.
Fourth, Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, when things go wrong, residents must have confidence that they can seek redress.
The Bill establishes a structured disciplinary process with safeguards like layperson involvement and conflict-of-interest rules. But from a grieving resident's perspective, the process may still feel intimidating.
I have four areas of concern.
First, the entry barrier. A disciplinary case must be supported by a statutory declaration. For an ordinary resident, this is not a mere administrative step. It is the start of a formal legal process. Will there be clear guidance and simpler templates so genuine grievances are not deterred?
Second, the timeline of justice. While the Bill sets a three-year limitation period, what are the indicative service timelines for triage, inquiry and final decision? Relatedly, what are the expected processing times for Complaints Assessment Committees and Disciplinary Committees, and are there clear service standards? Furthermore, given that individuals may still pursue civil claims through the Courts, what role does this disciplinary framework play in practice and what would encourage the public to use this process instead of going directly to Court?
Third, transparency of investigations. Will there be a firm commitment to publish disciplinary workflows and final outcomes, so complainants are not left feeling shut out?
Fourth, appeals and independence. Appeals against certain Council decisions go to the Minister, who also appoints and may remove Council members. I do not doubt the integrity of our institutions. But how does this structure ensure perceived independence in the eyes of the public? In particular, why do appeals from the Complaints Assessment Committee need to be heard by the Minister? Is there scope for these to be adjudicated by an independent tribunal instead?
Fifth, Mr Deputy Speaker, we must ensure inclusivity for vets for easy compliance, while maintaining high standards. I seek clarification on the registration framework. What are the fees required for vets to obtain and maintain their registration? How frequently must practising certificates be renewed and what criteria will be used to assess renewal? Will the Council continually review the list of accredited qualifications and recognised schools to ensure standards remain current and internationally benchmarked?
Further, how will older vets transition into this new system? If processes are primarily digital, what support will be provided to ensure senior practitioners are not left behind? Also, how would representation within the Veterinary Council reflect the diversity of the profession?
In conclusion, Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, let me return to Ms C. For her, caring for her dog was never just about fun. It was about love, responsibility and trust. Her deep love for her pets is not uncommon. In Singapore, pet owners have parted with life savings to save their pets, hired help or sacrificed travel and career opportunities to care for ill and ageing pets, as they would for their family members.
So, the question before us is no longer just about animals or pets. It is about how we care for those we consider family. And if that is the case, then the questions raised in my speech are not abstract. They are about whether care is affordable, so families can say yes without fear. They are about whether care is competent, so families can trust those treating their pets. They are about whether care is transparent, so families can make informed decisions. They are about whether care is accountable, so families know the system will be fair when something goes wrong.
This Bill moves us forward. It strengthens standards. It builds a framework. It raises professionalism. But a framework alone does not create confidence. Confidence is built when access is real, when responsibility is clear, when information is transparent and when accountability is trusted. Because trust is not created by regulation alone. It is created when systems work for people, when processes are clear and when outcomes are fair.
So, let us take this opportunity to do more than regulate. Let us ensure that no family hesitates because of cost and that no resident is left uncertain about who is responsible. Let us also ensure that no one feels shut out when seeking accountability and let us build a system that residents can rely on, not just in principle, but in practice. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I support this Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Melvin Yong.
Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye (Radin Mas): Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Bill, which seeks to provide for the registration of veterinarians and the regulation of individuals practising veterinary medicine.
This Bill reflects how we, as a society, value animal welfare, professional standards and consumer trust.
As Singapore's pet scene evolves and grows, our vet care systems and regulatory framework must evolve in tandem. In this regard, the Bill is both timely and necessary. However, I would like to raise several questions and suggestions, particularly from the perspectives of workforce development and consumer protection and, at the same time, to draw on relevant practices from other jurisdictions.
Sir, Singapore's vet landscape has changed significantly in recent years, driven largely by the rise in pet ownership. Pets today, as many Members of the House have mentioned, are no longer just companions. For many households, they are family members.
With this shift has come a corresponding rise in expectations. Owners seek not only competent care, but also high standards of professionalism, communication and accountability. Many pet owners are also prepared to invest more to ensure the well-being of their animals. As a pet owner myself, I can certainly relate to this. We all want to do our best for our pets, especially when they are unwell or vulnerable.
In this context, the establishment of a Veterinary Council is an important step forward. It will strengthen governance, uphold standards and enhance public confidence in vet services.
Sir, while the Bill focuses on veterinarians, veterinary care is delivered by a team. Vet nurses, technicians and allied professionals are integral to diagnosis, treatment and recovery. They are often the first point of contact for pet owners and play a critical role in ensuring continuity of care.
From a Labour Movement perspective, it is important that these workers are not treated as peripheral, but as professionals in their own right. This means having clear standards of practice, structured training and certification pathways, fair wages and working conditions and meaningful career progression. Without these, we risk a situation where demand continues to grow, but the workforce remains stretched, under-recognised and difficult to retain.
If we look at developments overseas, the direction is clear. In Western Australia, veterinary nursing has been formally recognised as a regulated profession. In Hong Kong, the authorities are studying a framework to regulate veterinary nursing practitioners. Similarly, in the UK, reforms are moving towards stronger recognition and oversight of allied veterinary professionals. These developments suggest that a modern vet system does not focus only on vets, but also on the entire care team.
In this regard, I am glad to note from the Minister of State's opening speech that there are plans to develop a more formal framework for vet nurses and technicians in Singapore. But the question is whether it will be done through accreditation, registration or other mechanisms. And the more important question is, when will it take place. Such a framework would not only uplift the profession but also give consumers greater assurance about the competency of the entire care team.
Sir, beyond standards, we must consider the sustainability of our vet workforce. Today, the pathway to becoming a vet remains largely dependent on overseas training, such as the concurrent programme between NUS and the University of Melbourne. While this has served us well, it may not be sufficient to meet growing demand, particularly as veterinary services become more specialised. There are also barriers in terms of cost and accessibility. Not all aspiring Singaporeans may have the means to pursue overseas education.
From a workforce development perspective, we should consider whether more can be done to strengthen local pathways: whether through expanded partnerships, local clinical training opportunities, or, in the longer term, a local degree option. At the same time, we should continue to support and to develop our local pool of vet nurses and technicians, who form the backbone of our day-to-day care. A strong, well-supported workforce across all levels is essential if we are to deliver consistent, high-quality vet services.
Sir, I now turn to the consumer perspective. Vet care can be a significant and sometimes, unexpected expense for households. Pet owners often have to make decisions under emotional stress, with limited information and time. This creates a situation of information asymmetry, where consumers may not always be able to fully assess treatment options or costs. In such circumstances, trust becomes critical. However, trust must be supported by systems: by transparency, accountability and fair practices.
Feedback from the public has highlighted concerns about the lack of upfront price clarity, wide variations in fees and difficulty in comparing services across providers. In this regard, we should look at developments in the UK. Recent reforms there have placed strong emphasis on consumer protection, including requiring clinics to publish price lists for common treatments, disclose ownership structures and strengthen complaints and redress mechanisms. The rationale is clear: vet care is a complex service, and consumers need better information to make informed decisions. I would therefore like to call on AVS to consider similar measures, such as clear fee disclosures for common services, provision of estimates for higher-cost procedures and more consistent itemisation of bills.
Sir, beyond pricing, another important area is informed consent. In Hong Kong, the regulatory body has introduced clearer expectations on client communication, including guidance on what should be conveyed to pet owners before treatment. This includes information on diagnosis, treatment options, risks and estimated costs. Such practices recognise that consumers should be properly informed before making decisions, especially where procedures may be complex or costly. I would therefore like to ask whether similar guidance or professional standards on informed consent will be developed here in Singapore.
Sir, trust in any profession also depends on transparency in how misconduct is handled. In jurisdictions, such as Canada and Hong Kong, disciplinary outcomes and practitioner information are made publicly accessible to varying degrees, enabling consumers to make more informed choices. I would like to ask whether Singapore's framework will similarly provide a clear and accessible way for the public to verify practitioners' registration status, and access relevant disciplinary information where appropriate. In addition, Western Australia's model includes a consumer representative within its Veterinary Practice Board, helping to ensure that public-interest considerations are incorporated into regulatory decision-making.
In this regard, I would like to ask whether the composition of our Vet Council will similarly incorporate, or formally consult, consumer or public-interest perspectives. This will help ensure that the regulatory framework is not solely profession-led, but also grounded in the needs, expectations and protection of consumers.
Sir, while strengthening regulation, we must also ensure that it remains fair and proportionate. Internationally, there is increasing recognition that regulation should not only be disciplinary, but also developmental – supporting professionals to improve and maintain standards. For example, data from Canada shows that many complaints are resolved through advice, remediation or education, rather than disciplinary sanctions alone. This is particularly important in a manpower-constrained sector, where we must retain and support skilled professionals while at the same time, upholding standards.
Mr Deputy Speaker, this Bill is a significant step forward in strengthening Singapore's animal health and welfare ecosystem. However, as we raise standards for veterinarians, we must also take a holistic approach, one that uplifts all members of the vet care team, strengthens workforce pipelines and local pathways and, at the same time, enhances consumer protection, transparency and trust.
International experience shows that a modern vet system goes beyond regulating individuals. It builds a professional, accountable and consumer-centric ecosystem. By moving in this direction, we can develop a vet sector that is not only professionally robust, but also fair, sustainable and trusted by the public. Sir, with that, I support the Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Minister of State Alvin Tan.
Mr Alvin Tan: Mr Deputy Speaker, I thank the 14 Members for their support of the Bill. I learnt many different things: Members' love for their pets and animals, including Carmel, Yellow; and also about fish cosmetic surgery, including eye lifts and chin jobs.
Please allow me to address Members' comments via four broad themes.
The first theme is on representation of the Veterinary Council. The Veterinary Council will perform an essential role to regulate our vet sector. Its primary duty is to register vets, set and maintain high standards for the practice of veterinary medicine in Singapore and appoint necessary bodies for disciplinary proceedings to safeguard animal health and welfare as well as the public interest.
In that regard, I agree with Dr Choo Pei Ling that Council members should have the right mix of expertise to fairly and adequately represent the vet sector and to set the high standards that is expected of the vet sector. This is why this Bill provides for the Minister to appoint a balanced composition of members. I shared earlier that the Council may include ex-officio members from the public and private sectors.
In this regard and to respond to Mr Kenneth Tiong's question, the Council must also comprise at least four other vets, including one with at least 10 cumulative years of experience as a vet, which may include the duration licensed by AVS or registered with the Council.
Considering public feedback that we have received through the consultation process, we intend to also appoint suitably experienced vets from diverse areas of the vet sector. This will allow us to strengthen the development of professional standards that enhance and advance the vet sector.
On Mr David Hoe and Mr Melvin Yong's queries, the Bill provides that the Council must comprise at least two laypersons who are non-vets. We intend to nominate legal professionals from the start because this helps provide wider perspectives and ensure the reflection of broader public interest in the Council's work. There will also be Government oversight of key aspects of the Council for alignment with public interest and accountability, and I will elaborate on these later.
Over time, we will review the Veterinary Council's operating needs and adjust its composition accordingly. This may include appointing other vet professionals, such as vet nurses, further down the road. The Council may also appoint committees. This could include key representatives of animal groups to share feedback with the Council as Mr Henry Kwek and Assoc Prof Jamus Lim suggested.
The second theme of questions surround the new registration and practising certificate framework, which Mr Cai Yinzhou, Ms Lee Hui Ying and Dr Choo Pei Ling raised questions on. Every vet that practises veterinary medicine must be registered with the Council and have a valid practising certificate. The Bill defines the practice of veterinary medicine, which can only be performed by duly qualified vets.
The Bill also introduces a new specialist registration, which is not part of the existing licensing framework for vets under the ABA. But in line with feedback that we received from the vet sector, the Council intends to recognise specialist vets primarily based on postgraduate degrees or qualifications, and will publish the requirements on its website when ready. So, we will start with this new three-tiered registration framework and then monitor its effectiveness. We are also open to exploring other approaches to further recognise as well as to differentiate vets where necessary.
With regard to Ms Diana Pang's suggestion, the Bill will not require vets to declare their pro bono hours as part of the practising certificate renewal requirements. But we appreciate that vets regularly volunteer their time and efforts, such as in sterilisation and microchipping drives on a pro bono basis, and we will explore other ways to recognise their goodwill and their generosity.
Mr Lee Hong Chuang, Dr Choo Pei Ling, Ms Diana Pang, Mr David Hoe, Dr Hamid Razak, Mr Melvin Yong and others had also raised questions about the veterinary workforce. I shared earlier that the Council will continue to implement continuing professional education requirements for vets to renew their practising certificate, to equip them with up-to-date knowledge, skills and experience. AVS also provides scholarships and study grants for students to pursue vet programmes and contribute to our pipeline of vet professionals.
Beyond this, AVS and the Council will partner stakeholders, such as MOE and the IHLs, to strengthen veterinary-related formal education programmes or training provided locally, including those that may allow mid-career entrants into the sector. Our review also includes manpower projections and resource requirements to study the need and feasibility of a local vet degree programme.
Ms Lee Hui Ying also asked about occupational support. While the Protection from Harassment Act protects all individuals, including vets, from harassment, AVS will also work with the Council to explore other initiatives to improve workplace practices and professional development opportunities to better support our vets.
We also intend to eventually extend registration to other vet professionals, such as vet nurses. While they are not currently licensed by AVS today, we will continue to engage our vet sector before developing the regulatory framework for them. In line with Mr Henry Kwek and Mr Yip Hon Weng's suggestions, we will also monitor the impact of the enhanced set of regulations to vets. We will update on the registration timeline for other vet professionals when we are ready.
Meanwhile, the Bill will clarify the scope of vet activities and circumstances where non-vets may perform them. For instance, vet nurses will be allowed to perform certain vet activities under supervision by a duly qualified vet and in accordance with any prescribed conditions. This requirement to be supervised is already in place today. The Council will also publish guidelines before the commencement of the relevant provisions next year, setting out the broad principles of the appropriate supervision.
To Mr Muhaimin Malik's questions, we share your concerns about community animals and their caregivers. I have many of them in my constituency as well. To our community caregivers, please continue to care for your animals as you already do, but please also exercise judgement when you need to refer them or to bring them to a vet.
The third theme of questions that Members have raised relate to penalties and disciplinary proceeding provisions as prescribed by the Bill.
First, Mr David Hoe asked how penalties under the Bill were derived. Compared to what is provided for under the ABA, this Bill raises the maximum fine for offences relating to unlawful practice of vet medicine or misrepresentation as a vet from $10,000 to $50,000. This is to provide sufficient deterrence against profit-driven motives. There is no change to the existing 12-month maximum imprisonment term, and the $50,000 fine quantum is benchmarked against the human healthcare sector, including the dental and allied healthcare professions.
AVS will continue to regulate animal health and welfare, and offences involving animal welfare and cruelty will continue to be dealt with under the ABA. As Members know, and I have said that in public and in this House, we are reviewing the penalties for animal welfare offences and the licensing regime for pet sector activities, including pet grooming businesses under the ABA. We will share more when ready.
Second, we have established a robust disciplinary framework, including a range of disciplinary orders that may be imposed on errant vets to strengthen deterrence against professional misconduct. I shared earlier how the Bill establishes clear escalation thresholds in handling complaints and how the various committees can make orders to deal with professional misconduct.
To Mr Yip Hon Weng's question about the completion timeline for the disciplinary inquiry, clauses 48 and 54 provide that the Complaints Assessment Committee and the Disciplinary Committee must complete its inquiry by three months and six months respectively. This is unless the Council, on application by the Complaints Assessment Committee or Disciplinary Committee, allows otherwise.
To Mr Muhaimin Malik's questions about resourcing for enforcement, NParks currently undertakes the enforcement of the existing vet licensing framework and will continue to support the Veterinary Council as we transition to the new framework. We also wish to assure Assoc Prof Jamus Lim that NParks has strict protocols around evidence gathering and investigations, and works with other agencies, where practical and necessary, to gather information to support its investigations.
Third, Ms Diana Pang asked why there is no requirement for a legal professional to be in the Interim Orders Committee. Allow me to explain. Where necessary, legal professionals can be appointed to the Interim Orders Committee, as clauses 4 and 39 respectively provide for laypersons, such as legal professionals, to be represented in the Council and the complaints panel.
Clause 65 also provides for the Council to appoint an advocate and solicitor to prosecute the disciplinary case, or to advise the Interim Orders Committee on any legal matter relating to the inquiry or review. There are also safeguards for vets before the Interim Orders Committee. Before the Council appoints any independent expert, it must give the registered vet concerned an opportunity for him or her to make representations on the proposed appointment. The vet may also appeal to the General Division of the High Court against the Interim Orders Committee's decision. And all interim orders are also subject to periodic review, to ensure no order remains in force longer than is necessary.
Mr Henry Kwek asked if the enhanced disciplinary proceedings could result in the sector becoming overly litigious and if vets may feel pressured to adopt defensive practices to protect themselves. The Bill addresses this concern.
First, while any member of the public may submit a complaint against vets, every complaint must be made in writing and also supported by a statutory declaration. The limitation period for complaints also ensures that cases brought before the Council are supported by timely and reliable evidence.
Second, there will be clear escalation thresholds in the handling of complaints. The Registrar will objectively assess and triage each case, and can recommend dismissal of frivolous complaints to the Council, so vets are not unduly burdened by cases without merit.
Third, the Bill allows for conciliatory measures, such as mediation, as well as voluntary cancellation or suspension of registration where there are concerns on the vet's fitness to practise. These measures, subject to the Council's approval, help to address issues through negotiation without defaulting to formal disciplinary proceedings.
Sir, the fourth and final theme of questions Members have asked relate to safeguards for pet owners.
Mr Henry Kwek rightly said that the framework must guard against misuse, while preserving confidence and fairness. I agree with him. The Council is, first and foremost, a regulator. Its primary duty is to maintain professional standards, and not to promote or advocate the professions' interest. There are thus safeguards and clear lines of accountability back to the Government, which will ensure alignment with broader public interest.
The Veterinary Council President and members are appointed by the Minister, who can also remove members where necessary. The Registrar is also appointed by the Minister and must be a public officer, or an officer or employee of a public authority. The Minister's approval must be sought when the Council makes regulations, such as those relating to qualifications and continuing professional education requirements for registration.
I also want to assure Mr David Hoe and Assoc Prof Jamus Lim that the disciplinary proceedings likewise incorporate multiple safeguards to mitigate conflict of interest and to ensure impartiality. Let me elaborate further.
First, disciplinary proceedings must also include non-vets, such as legal professionals, to provide balanced and objective oversight. Members with conflicts of interest must also recuse themselves from proceedings.
Second, the Bill prohibits certain individuals to review the same case along various stages of proceedings. For instance, the Registrar who reviewed and referred the case to the Council must not be appointed to a Complaints Assessment Committee, a Disciplinary Committee, or an Interim Orders Committee. A member of the Complaints Assessment Committee who conducted an inquiry in respect of a disciplinary case must not be appointed as a member or observer of a Disciplinary Committee on the same case.
Third, aggrieved parties may also appeal to the Minister or the General Division of the High Court. Appeals do not return to the Council and the committees for reconsideration, ensuring that disciplinary decisions are subject to independent review, and safeguarding the interests of both vets and the public. This appeal mechanism takes reference from the disciplinary framework of the human healthcare sector, including the dental and allied health professions.
Some Members have also mentioned about raising awareness, I think Mr Muhaimin mentioned that earlier. AVS will work with the Council to raise awareness and educate the public on its requirements and processes. This includes information on the Council's webpage, which will contain information such as vets' class of registration and place of employment. This can help the public identify vets with restricted registration, who may only practise in establishments recognised by the Council.
The Council will also publish disciplinary findings of key cases when concluded, to facilitate awareness and uplift standards within the vet sector and for public education. The Council will also publish a guide to support complainants seeking redress. This will include steps on how to file a complaint, including how to make a statutory declaration. This guide will also address Ms Lee Hui Ying and Mr Yip Hon Weng's queries on when a complainant should file a complaint with the Council or otherwise commence a civil proceeding. A complainant may pursue either or both, as the circumstances warrant. This is consistent with how other professional regulatory frameworks in Singapore operate.
Ms Diana Pang asked about advertising standards for veterinary services and Mr Cai Yinzhou asked about minimum standards for non-conventional therapies. The Code of Ethics for Veterinarians includes advertising standards for veterinary services, such as requiring information to be factual and not comparative. Under the Code, a vet is also responsible for choosing the treatment regimens for his patients, based on sound, evidence-based science and practice and/or diagnostic test results. This is applicable to non-conventional novel therapies as well.
Many Members also raised concerns about the affordability of care and transparency of costs. I have heard that as well in my interactions with vets and also the broader public. This Code also requires vets to clearly explain treatment options, risks and costs, to obtain consent from owners for the treatment of their animal, and avoid unnecessary procedures. Vets should also provide pet owners with an estimate of fees. These standards ensure better pricing transparency and help to build trust between pet owners and vets by promoting professionalism and fairness.
Under this Bill, while vets will be subject to regulatory requirements, they will be similar to those under today's licensing regime under AVS. Furthermore, provisions are in place to ensure a smooth transition for current practitioners into the new regime.
Notwithstanding, AVS will partner the Council to review the Code of Ethics and will study Members' suggestions for cost structures to be more transparent, such as to provide itemisation of bills and clearer fee disclosures.
We are also looking at other measures to address this. This includes listing fees to promote greater transparency. We will update on the timeline when ready. In addition, there are pet insurance schemes available in Singapore to help pet owners with the cost of vet services. There are also professional indemnity insurance schemes for vets to cover legal defence and settlement costs arising from allegations of professional negligence or misconduct. We share Members' concerns on the need to be mindful of costs to animal owners and are closely monitoring the trends.
To Mr Kenneth Tiong's questions on fees for registration and practising certificates, we will consider various factors including current cost trends and the impact on existing practices in determining the prescribed fees.
While we understand that many Singaporeans see pets as a member of their family, mine included, and we understand concerns around vet costs, we must also recognise that pet ownership is a personal choice and a long-term commitment that comes with responsibilities. Owners are responsible for providing for their pets' needs, including medical care. So, we strongly encourage prospective pet owners to thoroughly consider the full cost of raising a pet before committing to becoming a pet owner.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, vet professionals form an important pillar of our animal health and welfare system. Under this Bill, there will be fair and adequate representation of the vet sector in the Veterinary Council to drive the refinement of professional services. The Veterinary Council will also be equipped to effectively deal with malpractice to safeguard animal health and welfare.
Finally, this Bill is intended to benefit the public by raising the professional standards of our vet sector. I seek the House's full support for this Bill. Mr Deputy Speaker, I beg to move.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Kenneth Tiong, do you have a clarification arising out of the Minister of State's speech? Please proceed.
Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat: Thank you, Sir, and I thank the Minister of State for the assurances of vet representation on the Council. So, can I just ask the Minister of State to clarify why vet representation is not codified on a statutory basis, unlike the Medical Registration Act of 1997 and the Dental Registration Act of 1999?
Mr Deputy Speaker: Minister of State Alvin Tan, would you like to respond?
Mr Alvin Tan: Sir, we are starting on a new slate, setting up the Veterinary Council, and we have already took dressing with other healthcare professions, and we will evaluate over time and see whether these are necessary over time.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Any further clarifications? Mr Henry Kwek.
Mr Kwek Hian Chuan Henry: Deputy Speaker, Sir, I thank the Minister of State for this comprehensive response. I would like to check whether MND is open to providing more funding to AVS.
Ten years ago, I made a speech on NParks, and I noted then that NParks' annual budget is less than half of that of an acute care hospital. And I checked the figures just now, I think it is still around the same. Basically, NParks is operating on a very, very lean budget. It is very efficient. I have a lot of respect for NParks staff, but they have to handle a lot of things. And now, with public expectations, and from what we hear from the Chamber, this new regulation is a step-up, I do hope that the Government can provide a bit more resources to AVS, to discharge what the public expects of this new regulation regime.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Minister of State Alvin Tan, would you like to respond?
Mr Alvin Tan: Sir, I thank Mr Henry Kwek for his questions. I think my AVS colleagues will be very encouraged by his appeal. We will resource our AVS and NParks colleagues as necessary for them to conduct their important mission.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr David Hoe, you have a clarification? Please proceed.
Mr David Hoe: I thank the Minister of State for the response. I am specifically heartened to hear that we will explore a possible veterinary local degree. I would like to clarify if MND will be working with MOE to explore the possibility of an ITE pathway in the veterinary sector. Specifically, could we consider a Higher Nitec course that could then feed into the polytechnic diploma-related course?
Mr Deputy Speaker: Minister of State Alvin Tan, would you like to respond?
Mr Alvin Tan: Sir, I thank Mr David Hoe for his questions. As I mentioned earlier, we are looking at manpower projections as well as resource requirements to study a local programme. We already have programmes with some polytechnics as well. We will take his suggestion into consideration.
Sir, if I may clarify my response to Mr Kenneth Tiong. In fact, the vet representation on the Veterinary Council is already codified in the Bill. My apologies.
Mr Deputy Speaker: No further clarifications?
[(proc text) Question put, and agreed to. (proc text)]
[(proc text) Bill accordingly read a Second time and committed to a Committee of the whole House. (proc text)]
[(proc text) The House immediately resolved itself into a Committee on the Bill. – [Mr Alvin Tan]. (proc text)]
[(proc text) Bill considered in Committee; reported without amendment; read a Third time and passed. (proc text)]
Mr Deputy Speaker: Leader of the House.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Adjournment","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OS","content":"[(proc text) Resolved, \"That at its rising today, Parliament do stand adjourned to a date to be fixed.\" – [Mr Zaqy Mohamad]. (proc text)]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Low-altitude Economy: Building the Flying Car, Air Tourism and Drone Logistics Industry","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OS","content":"
The Deputy Leader of the House (Mr Zaqy Mohamad): Mr Deputy Speaker, I seek to move, \"That Parliament do now adjourn.\"
[(proc text) Question proposed. (proc text)]
Mr Deputy Speaker: Dr Neo Kok Beng.
Dr Neo Kok Beng (Nominated Member): Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, yesterday I mentioned I was a telco engineer. Today, I am going to state I am an aerospace engineer. I actually work on the Super-Skyhawk A-4SU on Data Bus networking. But I am also a Fellow at the Royal Aeronautical Society. My topic today is on drone but actually, more than drones – the bigger drone or what we call the electric vertical-take-off and landing (eVTOL).
First, I would like to declare I am the founder of an eVTOL company that designs manned drones or eVTOL in Singapore and is flying. So, what is eVTOL? Common people will say that it is a flying car, air taxis. Those are interesting stuff that make kids every excited, including adults, I think so.
For this Motion, I will explore this emerging and high-growth market, dissect the opportunities and challenges that we face in Singapore and propose some strategies and also what initiatives that we can have into building an eVTOL industry going forward.
The first factor is the emerging high-growth market. Sometimes, we call it the low-altitude economy.
There are two terminologies that we need to be very clear here. It is the western perspective and the eastern perspective. The western perspective calls it \"advanced air mobility\". It is defined by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) five years back. The eastern perspective is we call it the \"low-altitude economy\", or in Chinese, \"低空经济\". I actually find that the low-altitude economy is more encompassing and that is why I use the terminology low-altitude economy.
The drones that we see in Singapore and regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) for Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Licence or Drone Pilot Licence up to 25 kilogramme (kg) is Category A and above that is Category B. We do not have a lot of huge drones in Singapore. Mostly, our drone pilots are actually Category A. So, advanced air mobility does not have a lot of presence in Singapore.
Let us talk about how this low-altitude economy is important for Singapore.
Just imagine that whatever is on the road, whether it is buses, cars, vans, trucks or bicycles, we lift it up like maybe 50 metres, 100 metres into the sky. Then, we have a completely different set of economy – and that is low-altitude economy. So, the definition of low-altitude economy, up to what height, actually, nobody knows. It depends on individual country.
I used to have a private pilot licence. I can fly up to 10,000 feet in Singapore, but maybe we should not fly that high. But I think 1,000 feet or 300 metres is really good enough. It covers the top of all the buildings.
This can generate new innovations – and I will explain it later – have higher or greater productivity and completely destructive business model.
Let us take a look the market itself. The global drone market, of course, including military, is about US$30 billion today. And eVTOL, in the commercial side, is probably about $3.1 billion. There is precedent research in 2025. It is projected to reach $216 billion by 2035, with a compounded annual growth rate of 51.8%.
If you look at the figures from different research agencies, they are all completely different: some will say $200 billion, some will say $100 billion. But you get the numbers. It is big. So, should we tap on this opportunity to develop a new innovation system, create better jobs and that is highly tech intensive?
President Trump last year noted that the United States (US) has to catch up in the advanced air mobility and therefore, there was an executive order signed for the Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration to foster innovations. So, 36 states have already started to implement, whether it is between the airport or within the states.
The other player is really aggressive – China. Two years ago, I went to the Suzhou Industrial Park with Senior Minister of State Koh Poh Koon. Someone handed me a name card, and the title is, Director of Low-Altitude Economy, Suzhou Industrial Park. It has gone down to such details. And now, what we have seen is that there are 30 provinces in China actively rolling out low-altitude economy solutions. I visited a couple of them in different provinces. I heard that in Guangzhou, there are already 15,000 low-altitude economy companies – dealing with parts, not really the full craft, but you can see the size.
So, we can see how big the market is. The question is: what are the opportunities and challenges that Singapore can work on?
Couple of years back, about maybe four years back, there is a report by a private company, no more in existence but when they planned to deploy here, said that in Singapore, there is an output of about $4 billion contribution to the economy with about 1,500 jobs. I do not know whether this number is valid, but I think it warrants some research to see how big this economy is.
What are the opportunities? For Singapore is highly urbanised. And do we really need air logistics? Yes, within Singapore, but it is going to be difficult and the safety factor is one of the most important part. But actually, we can look at the air mobility business, that is, bringing people from one place to another on a regional side – Singapore and Johor, Singapore and Batam, a regional pathway that we can hop from one place to another.
Singapore prides itself, as we do not have domestic destinations for aircraft, but we are international from day one. So, from the view of the low-altitude economy, we should be regional from day one. So, that is air mobility business, air tourism business.
We do not have a lot of land. But actually, we do have interesting stuff that we can explore within Singapore. Typical areas for air tourism is like a bird's eye view of the Marina Bay and Sentosa. I was thinking that even the ports will be interesting to tourists too, with all the container ships floating. I also think that Mandai Zoo will be a great destination for us to look from the top. But when I was flying, with my Private Pilot Licence, one time, I did fly a little bit lower to visit the zoo without paying tickets.
The other thing I think that is really important is air logistics, and cross-border logistics is really interesting. There are a lot of disruptive business models we can work on, and I will elaborate on this.
What really are the challenges? Well, highly urbanised space, very good integrated logistics. So, we do not really need to do most of this stuff or in Singapore. Our island is slightly more than 700 square kilometres. Our airspace is limited. And for us actually to develop or test such a craft, I give you a recent example.
In the Airshow, the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) unveiled the design of an eVTOL that has done its initial hover test in Singapore. But beyond that, the trials had to be conducted in Germany forthe flight. Therefore, we really need to overcome these constraints in order to build a low-altitude economy or industry.
How to do that? We first need to have a national initiative involving a triple helix of Government, industry and of course, the research institutes and universities. The current activities that we have right now in Singapore is, of course, ST Engineering. I used to be from ST Engineering.
ST Engineering has a 100-kg payload logistic drone due for certification in I think 2028. My company, NEO Aeronautics, we have a 100-kg payload for sports and recreation, it is designed for the US Federal Aviation Administration market, Part 103. Actually, it is ready now. Does not fly in Singapore.
NTU's 200 kg eVTOL prototype unveiled in 2026, led by Prof James Wang; and in the Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT), 80 kg moving to a 200-kg payload, led by Prof Victor Wang.
We should have a strategy, Mr Deputy Speaker, a national strategy for low-altitude economy. I think the triple helix forming a consortium of the Government agencies such as CAAS, Economic Development Board, Enterprise Singapore, even the Maritime Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) and Singapore Tourism Board, can come in and make it much more comprehensive.
I would like to talk a little bit about how can we then grow this industry. I think the first thing of growing any industry is really to have talents. We never had design engineers or design aerospace engineers in Singapore, but we have lots of maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) engineers for maintaining aircraft. And we are glad that we achieved 10% of the total MRO market in the world – which means we can do it if we put our mind to it.
So, for this intellectual capital, we need to have more manpower and talent, and that goes to the universities or the polytechnics. Currently, there is no specialisation in such low-altitude mobility or advanced air mobility technology in Singapore. SIT does have a degree programme, but it is much more focused on aerospace. So, I think that we should look in detail for a diploma and degree with specialisation, I would not say a pure degree, but a specialisation, and have quite a bit of conversion programmes for existing engineers to convert or technologies to convert to drone technology or eVTOL technology.
The infrastructure capital is really, really the important part here. When I talk about infrastructure capital, I am also looking at the regulations. CAAS has spearheaded the development of the advanced air mobility technology regulatory standards in Asia Pacific. That is a very good move. That is trying to harmonise our standards with the rest of the Asia Pacific countries. MPA has launched Singapore's first Maritime Drone Estate in April 2021. I understand that they are also upgrading it, but it is actually for a small payload. If we want to go for a bigger payload, I think we really need to have bigger test facility.
Therefore, we have progressed, but we really need a turbo boost, with much more resources and aggressive plans. Therefore, a dedicated sandbox. Testing drones or eVTOL in Singapore is really difficult. You can ask for a field, which is like a football field, and then, you try to fly around, and then, the rains come and it is hot and there is no dedicated place for you to have your workshop. So, I suggest that we should identify a location, whether in a university or a research institute, to have at least half a football field with at least 20 metres for flight test and everyone can go there – because I do not think we can afford a lot of such flight test centres.
But we need to think out of the box because that itself allow us to just hover. So, a dedicated sandbox or flight test facility just allows us to hover. What is really important is the test flight, and that needs space. So, I think we should think without the box. What is without the box? It means if the box is Singapore, we should get out of Singapore, and therefore have a regional sandbox. And if you have a regional sandbox, that means our authorities have to work with the authorities in neighbouring countries for joint certification, joint flight test, joint recognition. I think that will allow us to harmonise our standards and allow us to work with different authorities and facilitate cross border drone flying or eVTOL flights.
The last part is on the innovation capital. China is really good in the hardware. And where are we? In manufacturing, we will not be able to compete based on the manufacturing capacity. But we should focus really on what we do best – highly value-added jobs. I think that is in applications and also business models.
For example, we can have purposefully built drones for oil spill disbursement. We can do it for our ports and it can be extended to many, many ports in the world. So, that is one application with the right business model.
Another example, our neighbours have land, many plantations. And if you plant container ports or storage facilities or logistics centres in such locations, which is really cheap, and you can airlift it out, so you can actually store seasonal goods, you can store expensive value-added materials where the storage space is really, really cheap. Therefore, you can airlift it out as necessary. You do not need to build infrastructure. You do not need to build roads. Give us a completely different way of operating a business.
So, moving facilities or bus or trucks or bicycles into the air is not just simply moving into the air. It is also coming with a different business model.
Therefore, I would recommend that the National Research Foundation consider this to be a white space and really aggressively allocate some good money for the industry, and the universities and research institutions.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Singapore does not design and build aircraft, but we have attained 10% of the world's MRO market. This is the chance for us to have aircraft design engineers, providing good jobs and also generating good economic output for our people.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Senior Minister of State Sun Xueling.
The Senior Minister of State for Transport (Ms Sun Xueling): Mr Deputy Speaker, I thank Dr Neo for raising his Motion. The Government pays close attention to the development of the low-altitude economy. Indeed, drones and eVTOLs can be viable options for economic, transport and logistics uses. We agree with Dr Neo that these technologies provide opportunities to enhance safety and productivity, enable new operational capabilities and services, and support innovation, across multiple domains.
In particular, Dr Neo spoke at length about eVTOLs, which his company, NEO Aeronautics, focuses on, and mentioned air mobility, air tourism and air logistics as areas of opportunity for Singapore.
Unfortunately, it may not be viable to deploy eVTOLs extensively as a domestic transport option. EVTOLS are similar to helicopters, and are more viable in places with severe traffic congestion, and where point-to-point flight can cut down travel time considerably. They will have marginal utility in Singapore, where airspace is congested and given that we already benefit from a well-connected ground transport network.
However, eVTOLs could eventually become a viable option for cross-border travel to adjacent offshore islands, or even cross-border cargo transfer with neighbouring countries. We will continue to monitor the progress of eVTOL technologies and its safety and cost considerations.
In contrast, drone technology is at a more mature stage, with more viable and developed use cases. In Singapore, public sector agencies and commercial players are already using drones in practical, beneficial and meaningful ways across numerous domains.
For logistics, we are already trialling the use of drones for ship‑to‑shore deliveries at our port, to transfer and turnaround high-value or essential items. By reducing the need for frequent boat trips, drones alleviate manpower demands and minimise risks faced by maritime workers when operating in challenging sea conditions.
For land transport, drones already help to inspect Singapore’s train and road tunnels. They allow our engineers to carry out their inspections more efficiently and with greater precision, while reducing the need for manpower to operate in potentially hazardous or hard-to-access environments.
For aviation, commercial firms are exploring the use of drones for visual inspections of aircraft, to complement existing maintenance processes. This allows for faster checks, enhance accuracy and improve safety outcomes, freeing up our maintenance personnel to focus their expertise where it is most needed.
For the built environment, the Building and Construction Authority, and the Housing and Development Board already use drones to conduct periodic façade inspections in a faster and more efficient manner. In October last year, the Ministry of National Development also trialled the use of drones to conduct high-rise ledge cleaning in Punggol, which would otherwise need to be conducted by workers on gondolas, which incurs higher safety risks. We hope to scale up such operations so that more buildings in Singapore can be assessed and maintained using drones.
For security, the Singapore Police Force deploys drones to monitor crowd numbers in real-time during major events like the National Day Parade or the Marina Bay Countdown.
As you can see, there are many use cases that our various public sector agencies are already using drones for.
The Government has sought to create a conducive ecosystem in Singapore for the safe experimentation, development and deployment of drones.
First, we support research and innovation through trials, sandboxes and funding. We agree with Dr Neo that these are important for rigorous testing within safe and controlled environments. This helps us determine the viability of new use cases and figure out how drone technologies and operational processes can be further refined to meet desired outcomes.
For example, PUB worked with ST Engineering to use drones to monitor water quality and activities at six reservoirs, which is a faster and more accurate alternative to the traditional method of in-person patrols. Using drones in this manner can potentially reduce the required man-hours by up to 70%.
We also identify areas that we can temporarily use as sandboxes for flight trials. In the case of the NTU research team which Dr Neo mentioned, CAAS facilitated the initial hover tests of their prototype eVTOL at the former Turf City racecourse in Kranji last year, ahead of its public unveiling at this year’s Singapore Airshow.
We will review how we can expand testing sites, including exploring overseas sandboxes in partnership with regional neighbours, as Dr Neo has suggested. These can be located further from urban areas and provide a safer and larger environment to trial larger drones and eVTOLs.
Second, we adapt and streamline our rules regularly to allow a wider scope of low-altitude operations.
In 2025, we allowed some commercial drone operations to be conducted at higher altitudes in designated areas for all days of the week for façade inspections. This increased the flexibility and productivity of these inspections, and reduced operating costs.
We have also facilitated trials for beyond-visual-line-of-sight flights. These flights can safely operate over larger areas and longer distances away from the drone operator, potentially with reduced manpower.
The Ministry of Home Affairs is exploring using beyond-visual-line-of-sight drones to deliver automated external defibrillators during emergencies.
We have also revised our regulations to allow commercial operators to seek approval on a per-activity rather than per-drone basis. In particular, this has benefited drone light show operators, who handle thousands of drones at a go to create visually stunning spectacles.
In 2025, we also enhanced real-time airspace clearance processes to expedite approval of drone activities, such that operators can now obtain immediate clearance for drone operations at certain heights and locations.
Third, we are investing in talent and manpower, as Dr Neo had suggested. We are intensifying education efforts to promote the responsible use of drones, develop suitable technical skills and nurture interest in low-altitude technologies for Singaporeans of all backgrounds and ages.
We are working closely with our educational institutions to integrate drone-related courses into formal curricula. Dr Neo suggested creating specialisations in advanced air mobility technologies, especially at the tertiary level.
Those taking aerospace engineering courses at university can today access an increasing variety of drone-related modules. Four out of our five polytechnics are also approved as Unmanned Aircraft Training Organisations, and conduct practical courses in drone operations. Several primary and secondary schools have also introduced drone flying with their curricula or as part of the Applied Learning Programme.
Beyond our educational institutions, there is a wide range of facilities, workshops and courses available to the wider public. CAAS has launched two Unmanned Aircraft Flying Areas at Pandan Reservoir and Dover Road where enthusiasts can gather and conduct their own recreational operations. At the same time, CAAS partners with vendors, such as Just Fly It, to conduct hands-on workshops. Members of the public may also use their SkillsFuture credits to attend short-term drone operation courses by institutions, such as the Singapore Management University and Institute of Technical Education, to ensure that their skills are kept up to date.
While we have made considerable progress thus far, we know that more can definitely be done. And this will require overcoming certain constraints, which Dr Neo has alluded to.
First, Singapore’s airspace is limited. With multiple airports and air bases, and flights coming and going constantly, the use of our low-altitude airspace will need to be managed carefully between civil and military aircraft, and drones and eVTOLs.
Second, Singapore has a dense and highly built-up urban environment. And this gives rise to complex issues relating to security, safety and privacy, due to the dense high-rise residential areas and closely co-located security-sensitive locations across our island.
Third, Singapore’s unpredictable weather and tropical climate pose practical challenges for aviation. This is something that we already need to manage carefully for large planes at Changi, let alone smaller and more unstable low-altitude aircraft. It is essential for overall aviation safety that we test new technologies rigorously and work out robust operational processes prior to development.
Against this backdrop, we have generally adopted a conservative approach in the past. But with drone technology becoming more mature, we can do more. We are studying the approaches in overseas jurisdictions and will adapt what is relevant to Singapore’s operating environment.
Dr Neo mentioned China as an example, and we agree that there are aspects that Singapore can learn from. Chinese cities are trialling drones for a multitude of urban use cases, including food and parcel deliveries, high-rise façade inspections, traffic monitoring and enforcement, and search and rescue operations, many of which Singapore may also wish to explore.
The Chinese government has also provided strong support for companies involved in drone development and production in the form of tax reliefs, subsidies and industrial parks.
In the US too, there has been significant progress. Commercial companies like Wing, a Google spin-off that our Acting Minister of Transport visited just last month, have commenced delivery operations across the country.
In these cities, regulatory frameworks are evolving rapidly. For instance, some cities in China have recently tightened their regulations for recreational and civilian drone operations. And in the US, the regulatory frameworks vary considerably depending on the state and the city.
In Singapore, the Government, as I have mentioned, will continue to closely monitor the evolution of this space. Dr Neo proposed a national strategy on advanced air mobility and the low-altitude economy. He mentioned a “triple-helix approach” involving the Government, industry and research or educational institutions. We agree with Dr Neo —
Mr Deputy Speaker: Senior Minister of State Sun, could I kindly request you to wrap up? Because we do have a 30-minute timeframe for this Adjournment Motion.
Ms Sun Xueling: Yes, thank you. We agree with Dr Neo that it is important to bring together the wider ecosystem and we will consult all stakeholders.
The Ministry of Transport's immediate focus is to drive the usage of drones more extensively, especially by the public sector and this is because we already have many potential use cases. And we will also continue to work with the private sector on commercial use cases while continuing to emphasise safety and being cognisant of our unique operating environment.
Allow me to end off by assuring the House that we will continue to work together closely to safely and responsibly harness the benefits of low-altitude technologies for our transport sector and Singapore’s wider economy. Thank you, Mr Deputy Speaker.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Order. The time allowed for the proceedings has expired. I adjourn the House pursuant to the Standing Order. Order, Order.
[(proc text) The Question having been proposed at 5.35 pm and the debate having continued for half an hour, Mr Deputy Speaker adjourned the House without question put, pursuant to the Standing Order. (proc text)]
Adjourned accordingly at 6.05 pm.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":"Matter Raised On Adjournment Motion","questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Remuneration, Allowance or Benefits of Grassroots Advisers Who Are Not Elected MPs","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"26 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) whether Grassroots Advisers who are not elected Members of Parliament are considered as officers in the Public Service; (b) what kind of remuneration, allowance, or benefit are provided to them; and (c) what kind of information, if any, do they receive that would not ordinarily be shared with the public, in the course of their work.
Mr Edwin Tong Chun Fai: I am answering in my capacity as the Minister charged with the responsibility for the People's Association (PA).
Grassroots Advisers (GRAs) are not officers in the Public Service, and do not receive any remuneration or other allowance or benefit in their role as GRAs.
The work and objectives of the PA (which have been discussed in Parliament on previous occasions) will, from time to time, require information and data in order for such work to be carried out effectively. To this extent, GRAs and grassroots organisations receive relevant information which will enable them to discharge their functions.
Such information is shared in accordance with relevant legislation and any prevailing public service regulations.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Appointment of Design and Planning Consultants for Estate Upgrading Programme for Jalan Naung and Realty Park Estate","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"27 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether the design and planning consultants have been appointed for the Estate Upgrading Programme (EUP) for Jalan Naung and Realty Park Estate following the tender called in 2025; and (b) whether the project remains on track to commence physical works by the middle of 2026.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Building and Construction Authority had called a tender in December 2025 to appoint consultants for the design and planning of the project. The tender has not yet been awarded.
We did not announce any plans to commence construction works for the project by the middle of 2026. As stated in the Ministry of National Development's written reply to the Member's Question on 14 October 2025, the project will commence with the design and planning phase. [Please refer to \"Update on Estate Upgrading Programme for Jalan Naung and Realty Park Private Estates\", Official Report, 14 October 2025, Vol 96, Issue 7, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
Construction will begin after the design and planning phase is completed.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Rationale for Correction Direction Issued on 23 March 2026 for Correction Notice to Be Published in The Straits Times","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"28 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information what were the considerations behind the requirement in the correction direction issued by the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) Office on 23 March 2026 to publish the correction notice in The Straits Times, rather than only on pages and posts carrying the false statements of facts.
Mrs Josephine Teo: Countries worldwide continue to grapple with the persistent challenge of online falsehoods, which can spread quickly. Falsehoods can polarise societies, undermine public trust in institutions and threaten the foundations of democratic discourse by attacking the shared factual basis upon which debate can take place.
The Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) provides the Government with targeted tools to address online falsehoods. These include directions to publish correction notices on both online and, where necessary, offline channels, to correct falsehoods and inform the public of the facts. In addition, persistent communicators of falsehoods may be designated as Declared Online Locations, with readers cautioned to exercise discretion when accessing such sources for information. These tools address the distinctive challenges that online falsehoods present, namely their potential for rapid proliferation and viral transmission, permanence in digital environments, and tendency for false information to achieve broader circulation than facts. Falsehoods can go beyond digital boundaries and spread through offline discourse, influencing public understanding even among those who have not encountered the original false content online.
In assessing what measures were necessary in the specific case highlighted by the Member, the Government took into account the overall context. The Online Citizen (TOC), which received the Correction Direction issued on 23 March 2026, has a history of publishing falsehoods. Due to this repeated pattern of behaviour of spreading multiple online falsehoods, TOC's website, Facebook and X pages have also been designated as Declared Online Locations under POFMA on more than one occasion – first in July 2023 and again in July 2025. Despite these measures, TOC has continued to disseminate false and misleading content. Over the past six years, TOC and its affiliated pages have been issued 25 Correction Directions.
To mitigate against the impact and reach of the falsehoods communicated by TOC, it was necessary to supplement the online correction notices with a print correction notice in The Straits Times, so that the facts are made accessible beyond the online audience.
The Government will assess the need for a print correction notice depending on the circumstance of each case, to ensure corrections are effective in reaching the relevant audiences.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Fatal and Major Injuries Suffered by Platform Workers, and Proposal to Review Platform Incentive Structures","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"29 Dr Wan Rizal asked the Minister for Manpower given the high safety risks faced by delivery riders (a) what is the breakdown of the (i) major injury rates and (ii) fatal injury rates, for delivery riders and ride-hail drivers respectively; (b) whether the Ministry has plans to further study safety hazards faced by delivery riders; and (c) if so, which hazards, if any, will be prioritised for study.
30 Mr Sanjeev Kumar Tiwari asked the Minister for Manpower in respect of the high fatal and major injury rates among platform workers in the annual workplace safety and health report (a) what are the common causes for these incidents; (b) to what extent are these linked to road safety factors, work pressures such as tight timelines, or fatigue; and (c) how will these findings inform targeted interventions to improve platform worker safety.
31 Ms Yeo Wan Ling asked the Minister for Manpower given the higher fatal and major injury rates among platform workers (a) what measures is the Ministry considering to reduce platform worker injuries; and (b) whether the Ministry is reviewing platform incentive structures to ensure they do not encourage unsafe behaviours whilst not adversely affecting drivers’ incomes.
Dr Tan See Leng: In 2025, there were two work-related fatalities and 74 major injuries involving platform workers (PWs), which translates to a rate of 84.6 injuries per 100,000 PWs. The two fatalities and 62 of the 74 major injuries involved PWs performing delivery services. The remaining 12 involved PWs performing ride-hail services.
The high injury rate reflects the inherent risks involved in platform work given that both platform operators (POs) and workers have limited control over their work environment, which primarily involves travel on public roads and paths. Coupled with how most of the PWs' fatal and major injuries in 2025 were sustained while operating vehicles or active mobility devices, road safety is a key concern.
The Ministry does not have data to link PW injuries to work pressures or fatigue. However, Platform Work Associations (PWAs) have highlighted that some PWs face pressures stemming from customer expectations of delivery timings or anxiety over earnings. These factors may add to safety risks, such as some PWs rushing to complete more jobs during peak hours.
On platform incentive structures, the PW Trilateral Group convened last year recognised that overly rigid regulation of incentive structures could stifle innovation and disrupt POs' business models. Instead, it recommended that POs and PWAs develop industry-wide principles for issues related to payment or incentive schemes, balanced against the need for safety of PWs. An example of these principles is that incentive schemes should not be designed to encourage PWs to work excessively long periods without adequate rest to qualify for an incentive.
The findings from the 2025 PW injury data provide a basis for the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) and our partners to examine the risk factors of platform work and study how to further strengthen safeguards to protect PWs from injuries at work. To this end, MOM has convened a PW Safety Workgroup comprising relevant government agencies, POs, NTUC and PWAs, which had its first meeting in March 2026. An area of focus is the higher incidence of injury experienced by PWs using two-wheeled vehicles such as motorbikes and power-assisted bicycles, safe usage of such vehicles, and how these can be collectively addressed by all stakeholders. The workgroup will share its findings and recommendations when ready.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Reviewing Mitochondrial Replacement for Inclusion as Option for Couples Seeking Assisted Reproductive Treatments","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"32 Dr Choo Pei Ling asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health whether the Ministry will consider reviewing the recent successes of the in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) technique, mitochondrial replacement, for inclusion as an option for couples seeking assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The Ministry of Health (MOH) is aware of recent developments using mitochondrial replacement in in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) or “three-person” IVF that prevents the transmission of severe mitochondrial diseases from mothers who are carriers to their children. This involves the use of healthy mitochondria from a third-party donor to replace faulty maternal mitochondria.
This procedure remains a novel and emerging approach. The Ministry will study the evidence from clinical trials and consider ethical implications as we continue to monitor international developments and research outcomes in this area.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Training for Student Leaders to Recognise Early Warning Signs of Suicidal Ideation or Severe Distress Among Students","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"33 Mr David Hoe asked the Minister for Education (a) what training is provided to student leaders to recognise early warning signs of suicidal ideation or severe distress among students; and (b) whether the Ministry will consider strengthening age-appropriate peer-support training so that students know how to seek help for themselves or their friends and escalate concerns to trusted adults.
Mr Desmond Lee: Through Character and Citizenship Education, all students are taught to look out for and care for one another. They are also encouraged to seek help by approaching a trusted adult when they or their peers are in distress. In addition, schools provide training to students who are Peer Support Leaders (PSLs) to look out for classmates in distress and provide age-appropriate help, such as offering comfort and encouraging help-seeking. Older PSLs are trained in active listening, responding with empathy and positive coping strategies.
As students, PSLs are not expected to identify suicidal ideation or provide peer counselling. They are taught to alert a trusted adult if they have concerns about their peers with which they are unable to help. Teachers regularly meet the PSLs to support their capacity development and well-being.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Quantifying Lifetime Income and Retirement Adequacy Impact of Extended Caregiving Interruptions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"34 Ms Mariam Jaafar asked the Minister for Manpower whether the Government has quantified (i) the lifetime income and retirement adequacy impact of extended caregiving interruptions and (ii) how these effects may accumulate across generations.
Dr Tan See Leng: We are unable to and do not track whether, how long and how often individuals take employment breaks for caregiving as these are personal family arrangements. Hence, we are unable to quantify the specific impact of caregiving duties on lifetime income and retirement adequacy.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Main Channels of Reports for Outrage of Modesty Cases","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"36 Ms Lee Hui Ying asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs what were the main channels of reports, such as through in-person Police reports, online Police report submissions, or calls to the Police hotline, for cases of outrage of modesty in 2025, in view of the increase in the number of cases in the past year.
Mr K Shanmugam: The Police do not track the breakdown of the reporting channels for reported cases of outrage of modesty. There are instances where multiple reports, through different channels, are made for one case of outrage of modesty.
The Police will follow-up on all reports of outrage of modesty promptly and thoroughly, regardless of the reporting channel.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Effectiveness of Noise-monitoring Meter Pilot at Clementi","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"37 Mr David Hoe asked the Minister for National Development in light of a recent Town Council pilot of a noise-monitoring meter with visual alerts at a Clementi community hall (a) whether the Ministry and HDB have assessed the pilot's effectiveness and key implementation lessons; and (b) what criteria or conditions would guide any wider roll-out in dense HDB precincts where residential blocks are close to community facilities and common spaces.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The noise monitoring system at Clementi Community Hall was recently installed by the Holland-Bukit Panjang Town Council as part of the Town Council's pilot to address noise complaints from residents. It measures noise levels and helps activity organisers maintain appropriate sound levels whilst preserving community programming.
We understand from the Town Council that the system was only installed last December, and they have informed us that they will need some time to assess its effectiveness and decide whether the solution is suitable for wider rollout.
Where there are useful learning points, we encourage Holland-Bukit Panjang Town Council to share them with other Town Councils and Government agencies to manage noise issues in dense residential environments.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Validity Checks, Automated Reminders and Tracking of Repeat Offences to Ensure Doctors and Dentists Practise with Valid Credentials","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"38 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health regarding doctors and dentists caught without valid credentials between 2023 and 2025 (a) how frequently are periodic validity checks conducted; (b) whether automated practicing certificate expiry reminders are sent; (c) how many offenders are elderly, foreigners or repeat offenders; and (d) how are senior solo practitioners supported to ensure they receive adequate early notifications for certificate renewal.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: All registered medical and dental practitioners are informed about the validity period of their Practising Certificates on their electronic copy. Regular reminders are also sent at least two months prior to the Practising Certificate renewal exercise by the Secretariat of healthcare Professional Boards (SPB) by email or hardcopy letter. Upon expiry of their Practising Certificates, SPB will then inform the practitioners that they must cease clinical practice until they apply for and are issued a new Practising Certificate.
To support senior practitioners, occasional requests for communications to be directed to their children or spouse assisting them in administrative matters have been accommodated.
Between 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2025, there were three practitioners aged 65 and above at the time of offence investigated for practising without a valid Practising Certificate. None were foreigners or repeat offenders.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Measures to Encourage Prudence Among Borrowers as Household Liabilities Outpaced Asset Growth","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"39 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) whether the Government is concerned that household liabilities outpaced asset growth in the fourth quarter of 2025 for the first time since 2019, especially if interest rates are not reduced in an inflationary environment; and (b) whether the Monetary Authority of Singapore will take any action to further encourage prudence among borrowers, and if not, why not.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister): Over the full year of 2025, Household Assets grew faster than Household Liabilities. The main reason for the increase in Household Liabilities was the rise in mortgages, alongside the pickup in property transactions for owner occupation in the latter half of 2025. Most of the rest of the increase in liabilities was due to personal loans, including those collateralised by assets, mainly for investments and business purposes.
Singapore's household balance sheets remain fundamentally strong, with Household Net Worth continuing to expand. Household Assets are about nine times the size of liabilities, providing substantial buffers against shocks. Liquid assets, such as cash and deposits, also continue to exceed total Household Liabilities.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has also put in place safeguards to pre-empt over-borrowing. For example, the Total Debt Servicing Ratio incorporates an interest rate floor to determine loan affordability and guard against excessive leverage taken when interest rates are low. For unsecured consumer credit, MAS imposes minimum income requirements, borrowing limits and credit suspension for borrowers with persistent debt.
MAS complements these safeguards through public financial education efforts under MoneySense, which promotes prudent money management and discourages over-borrowing. We will monitor developments and review our policies as appropriate.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Number of Variable Capital Companies in Singapore","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"40 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance since the last review of Variable Capital Companies (VCCs) and their managers conducted by the MAS (a) what is the current number of VCCs in Singapore; (b) how many VCCs currently do not (i) hold any assets and (ii) have any investors; and (c) what is the number of VCCs that have had supervisory interventions or regulatory actions directed.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister): As at 1 April 2026, there were 1,338 Variable Capital Companies (VCCs) managed by licensed fund managers and banks. The use of VCCs, alongside our growing asset management industry, is part of Singapore's value proposition as a trusted asset management and funds centre.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) carries out regular monitoring and review of fund managers as part of its supervision of the fund management industry. This involves reviewing the activities of fund managers, including their regulatory compliance when using the VCC fund structure. Fund managers are required to remediate any observed control weaknesses following such reviews. From time to time, MAS may also publish good practices for wider adoption across the industry.
Last year, 25 VCCs were found to have held no assets without a valid reason. The fund managers of these VCCs have been directed to de-register them.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Regulation of Sale and Use of Smart Glasses with AI Capabilities","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"41 Ms Joan Pereira asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information whether the sale and usage of smart glasses with AI capabilities will be regulated for privacy and safety reasons, given concerns that content from some of these glasses may be reviewed by third-party contractors overseas.
Mrs Josephine Teo: Smart glasses with AI capabilities are subject to existing safeguards for data protection and safety in Singapore.
Organisations that are offering these products in Singapore would have to ensure that the collection, use and disclosure of personal data through such products complies with the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). This includes being upfront about what personal data is collected and why, ensuring that proper consent has been sought where required, and ensuring data protection policies are clearly written and easily accessible. Should an organisation transfer such personal data to third-party contractors overseas, it remains responsible for ensuring protection which is comparable to Singapore's standards. Organisations that fail to do so could face financial penalties under the PDPA.
In addition, non-consensual recording, sharing or other misuse of intimate or private content may constitute criminal offences under existing laws, including the Penal Code and the Protection from Harassment Act.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Unchanged Cap on CPF Balances Earning Additional 1% Interest","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"42 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Minister for Manpower (a) why has the $60,000 cap on CPF balances earning the additional 1% interest remained unchanged since 2008 when other major CPF parameters are revised regularly; (b) whether the Ministry will consider pegging growth of this cap to growth of Full Retirement Sum (FRS); and (c) how much interest do CPF members forgo annually because the cap has not tracked FRS growth.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Government pays extra interest on Central Provident Fund (CPF) balances up to a cap to help members boost their retirement savings through compounding interest. Since 2008, 1% extra interest has been paid on the first $60,000 of combined CPF balances. The Government enhanced this in 2016, paying an additional 1% of extra interest on the first $30,000 of CPF balances for all members aged 55 and above. This enables members with lower balances to benefit from a higher effective interest rate on their savings.
The CPF retirement sums, such as the Basic or Full Retirement Sums (BRS or FRS), are set independently based on the amount of savings needed to provide an adequate level of retirement payouts. It is therefore not accurate to link the balance cap to the growth in FRS quanta. As such, there is no interest forgone by CPF members.
The retirement sums guide members on how much to set aside based on their retirement needs. These are complemented by a comprehensive suite of measures implemented by the Government to help Singaporeans build their retirement savings. Over the years, we have introduced the Majulah Package and enhanced the Silver Support Scheme, Matched Retirement Savings Scheme, and Workfare Income Supplement. In Budget 2026, we have also announced a CPF Top-Up for older Singaporeans who have not met the BRS.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Proposal for Beverage Container Return Points to be Located Within Five-minute Walk of Residential Estates","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"43 Ms Valerie Lee asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether there are plans to ensure that beverage container return points under the recycling scheme will be located within a five-minute walk of all residential estates, including private estates, particularly in high-density areas; and (b) whether petrol kiosks will be considered as additional locations for such return points.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: At launch, the public can obtain a refund of their 10-cent deposits for eligible beverage containers at over 1,000 Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) across Singapore. RVMs will be located at larger supermarkets and locations which are publicly accessible and have high footfall, such as void decks of HDB blocks and some hawker centres, and 90% of residents in HDB housing estates will live within a five-minute walk to one of these return points.
The number of return points will be doubled to 2,000 within the first year of implementation. The additional 1,000 RVMs will be located based on return patterns and feedback from the community and other stakeholders. The scheme operator, BCRS Ltd., will take the Member's suggestion into consideration.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Average Daily Working Hours for Preschool Educators","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"44 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) what are the average daily working hours for preschool educators since the shift to a five-day work week, compared to the previous six-day model; (b) whether sector engagements have surfaced concerns that a 44-hour weekly cap has resulted in longer daily shifts for educators; and (c) if so, what steps will the Ministry take to address these concerns.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: The Early Childhood Development Agency (ECDA) consulted key stakeholders extensively when it ceased the provision of Saturday childcare services from January 2025 onwards. ECDA surveyed over 8,000 parents and nearly 800 childcare centres across different operator types, and spoke to about 100 parents, educators and operators to gather different viewpoints. Stakeholders supported the removal of the requirement for childcare centres to operate on Saturdays as it would greatly improve educators' well-being, avail time for their own family needs and make a career in the early childhood (EC) sector more attractive and sustainable.
EC educators' working hours are determined by their employment contracts. After the shift to a five-day work week, some preschool operators have increased daily working hours slightly in order for educators to perform activities like lesson preparation and classroom set-up, although some others have been able to complete the work within existing daily work hours.
ECDA will continue to pay close attention to the well-being of our educators while striving to give our children a good start in life. As updated during the Ministry of Social and Family Development's Committee of Supply Debates, ECDA will convene a sector-wide review from the second quarter of 2026 to look at the operating processes and support structures in the sector to better support our educators. This review seeks to strengthen the sector's long-term manpower resilience by enhancing the overall value proposition of an EC career and improving EC educators' daily work experience.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Response to Decline in Percentage of Graduates Securing Full-time Employment in 2025 Graduate Employment Survey","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"45 Mr Pritam Singh asked the Minister for Education (a) how the Government assesses the 2025 Graduate Employment Survey which revealed that 74.4% of graduates secured full-time employment, down from 79.4% in 2024; and (b) what new measures it will introduce or consider in response.
Mr Desmond Lee: This question has been addressed by the Ministry of Education's answer to Oral Parliamentary Question Nos 105 and 106 on 7 April 2026. [Please refer to \"Factors Contributing to Weaker Full-time Permanent Employment Outcomes in Selected Courses for 2025 Graduates\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Flexibility for Proximity or Priority Scheme Appeals for BTO or Resale Flats where Distance Requirement is Slightly Exceeded for Caregiving or Valid Reasons","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"46 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether flexibility can be granted to applicants for Build-To-Order or resale flats who wish to appeal for proximity grants or priority schemes if they fall slightly outside the current four-kilometre radius but are the primary caregivers for their parents; and (b) if so, what flexibility can be granted.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Family Care Scheme (FCS) and Proximity Housing Grant (PHG) help parents and their children live with or near each other for mutual care and support. FCS (Proximity) provides priority access to new flats, while PHG is a housing grant for resale flat buyers.
In 2018, the Housing and Development Board (HDB) relaxed the proximity condition from “within two kilometres or the same town” to “within four kilometres”. We assess that the four kilometres-radius is adequate to meet the needs of buyers, as they can choose from a wide range of housing options.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Job Assistance Requests from Singaporean Fresh Graduates in 2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"47 Mr Liang Eng Hwa asked the Minister for Manpower (a) how many job assistance requests have the Government-supported job agencies, such as e2i and WSG, received from Singaporean fresh graduates from both local and overseas universities in the 2025; and (b) how many were successfully placed with a job.
Dr Tan See Leng: In 2025, Workforce Singapore (WSG) and the Employment and Employability Institute (e2i) received close to 2,000 job assistance requests from unemployed Singaporeans who had recently graduated from universities. Separately, close to 1,500 recent university graduates assisted by WSG or e2i found jobs in 2025. This includes graduates who had sought assistance in earlier years, as there is typically a time lag between seeking assistance and securing a job. We do not track whether these assisted graduates were from local or overseas universities.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"New Solutions Deployed to Provide Same-floor Lift Access in HDB Blocks","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"48 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Minister for National Development (a) what new technical or engineering solutions have been successfully deployed in the past three years to provide same-floor lift access for HDB blocks previously deemed unfeasible for the Lift Upgrading Programme; and (b) whether these methods are suitable and cost-effective for use at Blocks 830 to 832 and 835 Hougang Central.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Lift Upgrading Programme (LUP) was launched in 2001 to provide direct lift access to flats and enhance convenience for residents. At that time, more than 1,000 out of 5,300 Housing and Development Board (HDB) blocks without lift access were initially assessed to be unfeasible for LUP due to cost or site constraints.
HDB continually monitors new technical and engineering solutions that reduce cost of LUP or overcome site constraints. Where new technologies are found viable, HDB studies each location and implements them at suitable sites. Through such efforts, the vast majority of the 5,300 blocks have benefited from LUP, with about 100 blocks remaining due to high costs or site constraints. These include the four blocks at Hougang Central.
HDB will continue to monitor new technological advancements that could help the remaining blocks without direct lift access. Residents who are in urgent need of direct lift access due to medical conditions or mobility reasons can apply for the Lift Access Housing Grant (LHG) of up to $80,000 to help them buy another flat with direct lift access. These residents can approach HDB for assistance on their LHG application.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Advisories for Singaporeans Travellers Given Long Wait Times at Various US Airports","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"49 Dr Choo Pei Ling asked the Minister for Foreign Affairs in view of issues like long wait times at various airports in the United States of America currently, what advisories are being considered to alert Singaporean travellers to the impact this may have on their travel plans, such as potential delays.
Dr Vivian Balakrishnan: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs does not issue advisories on wait times at overseas airports. Travellers may wish to monitor airline and airport websites, as well as news reports for real-time information on wait times and potential disruptions at specific airports.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Assessment of Threat Risk Due to the Middle East Situation and Safeguarding Domestic Stability","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"50 Ms Hany Soh asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Internal Security Department assesses there to be a heightened threat risk due to the Middle East situation; and (b) how can Singaporeans help to continue safeguard our domestic stability and safety.
Mr K Shanmugam: The ongoing conflict in the Middle East has elevated the security threat landscape globally, including for Singapore.
The involvement of state actors, proxies and militant networks across the Middle East region has raised the risk of attacks and spillover incidents beyond the immediate theatre of the conflict.
The conflict in the Middle East also serves as a rallying point for extremist narratives. Terrorist groups and their affiliates have capitalised on the conflict to disseminate online propaganda justifying violence and inciting terrorist attacks.
These extremist narratives have also increased the risk of self-radicalisation, particularly in cyberspace. Since the escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict in October 2023, the Internal Security Department has detained or issued Restriction Orders to six Singaporeans under the Internal Security Act, whose radicalisation was triggered or accelerated by the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.
A vigilant and cohesive Singapore is the best safeguard against these threats. Singaporeans are encouraged to remain vigilant and to promptly report any suspicious activities, including suspected radicalisation cases, to the authorities. We should also firmly reject any extremist or polarising narratives that could divide our society. These are important roles which everyone can and must play. SGSecure's latest \"Play Your Role\" campaign has been an important reminder to underscore the importance of every Singaporeans' role in keeping Singapore safe and secure.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Review of Minimum Staff-to-child Ratios for Infant Care and Preschool Class Level","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"51 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) in what year were the current minimum staff-to-child ratios for infant care and each preschool class level last formally reviewed; (b) what was the scope of that review; and (c) whether that review considered the adequacy of ratios for supporting children with developmental needs in inclusive classroom settings.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: When the Early Childhood Development Centres Act was enacted in 2017, minimum requirements for staff-to-child ratio for preschools were reviewed to ensure the safety and well-being of children. The Early Childhood Development Agency (ECDA) took reference from international jurisdictions and engaged the sector to ensure that preschools' manpower and staffing considerations adequately catered for the developmental needs of children at different ages.
While the legislated ratios ensure that minimum safety standards are upheld, preschools have the operational flexibility to respond to varied needs and demands. In practice, they can and do operate with more than the minimum staff requirement, in accordance with their programming objectives and manpower.
In particular, to ensure that the ratios are adequate for supporting children with developmental needs in inclusive classroom settings, preschools must seek ECDA's approval if they wish to enrol children with developmental needs beyond 15% of the preschool's capacity for such children to ensure sufficient resources to support all children. Preschools can also deploy more staff to support classes with children with developmental needs or receive support from Early Intervention (EI) professionals.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Proportion of Total Subsidised Community Dialysis Capacity Currently Served by National Kidney Foundation","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"52 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what proportion of the total subsidised community dialysis capacity is currently served by the National Kidney Foundation; (b) whether that concentration presents a systemic risk to patient access; (c) what is the Ministry’s strategy to diversify the non-profit dialysis provider base; and (d) what support or incentives are available to reduce barriers to entry for existing healthcare non-profits to provide dialysis services.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: Providing kidney dialysis services involves challenging and hard work. We are fortunate to have good providers in the National Kidney Foundation as well as in other social service providers, such as Kidney Dialysis Foundation, with a 90:10 split in patient load share. They are non-profit, relying on donations to sustain their operations. The Ministry of Health welcomes additional social service providers to take on the challenge and will certainly partner them to diversify and strengthen the overall ecosystem.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Encouraging Adoption of Battery Energy Storage Systems Over Diesel Generators","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"54 Mr Ng Shi Xuan asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry whether the Government (i) has plans to encourage adoption of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) over diesel generators and (ii) will consider regulating or otherwise enhancing market transparency of fees of Qualified Persons and Registered Inspectors to manage safety compliance costs associated with the deployment of BESS.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and diesel generators have different uses.
For the electricity grid, the Energy Market Authority (EMA) is facilitating the adoption of BESS to enhance grid resilience, given the introduction of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar. For example, EMA commissioned Sembcorp to deploy a utility-scale BESS in 2023.
Diesel generators are most often used in off-grid applications today, such as night markets.
For end-users, both BESS and diesel generators can serve as a source of backup power. BESS may have enough charge for several hours of use while diesel generators can provide continuous power if there is sufficient fuel. Our approach has been to let end-users decide based on their operational requirements.
The fees of Qualified Persons and Registered Inspectors are determined by the market. For the deployment of BESS, the Singapore Civil Defence Force and EMA will continue to ensure that safety standards and technical requirements are met.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Reasons for Declining Pass Rates in Classes 3 and 3A Practical Driving Tests","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"55 Mr Ng Shi Xuan asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Ministry is aware of the reasons for (i) the declining passing rates of Classes 3 and 3A Practical Driving Tests and (ii) such passing rates being less than 50% even at driving centres; and (b) whether there is any cause for concern.
Mr K Shanmugam: The Traffic Police (TP) sets a high and objective standard in testing the competencies of learner drivers. This standard has not changed in recent years.
Driving schools and private driving instructors are responsible for developing the curriculum and delivering the quality of instruction that would enable learners to meet TP's driving competency standard. To incentivise this, TP publishes the passing rates of all driving schools and private driving instructors.
Learners should make sure they are proficient before attempting their driving tests.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Update on Efforts of Mercury Task Force to Tackle Heatwaves","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"56 Mr Liang Eng Hwa asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether the Ministry can provide an update on the efforts of the Mercury Task Force to tackle heatwave situation in Singapore; and (b) whether there is a need to review the criteria in which heatwave is to be declared.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: The Government has put in place a multi-agency heatwave response plan which is coordinated by the Mercury Task Force. This plan will be activated when the Meteorological Service Singapore forecasts a heatwave. The plan includes the opening of cooling centres islandwide where members of the public can seek respite from the heat, stepped up public communications on recommended actions to minimise heat-related injuries and targeted support for various segments of the population especially those who face greater heat stress risk. These build on ongoing initiatives to manage heat stress for members of the public and specific population segments like outdoor workers.
Ahead of every hot season from March to May each year, Mercury Task Force agencies refresh their plans and ensure that stakeholders in their respective sectors are familiar with heat stress management protocols and heatwave response measures.
In Singapore, a heatwave is declared when the daily maximum temperature averaged across all weather stations is at least 35oC for three consecutive days, and the average daily mean temperature throughout the period is at least 29oC. This definition remains relevant in our current climate.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"National Security Assessment of Proposed Simba-M1 Merger","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"58 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information (a) whether the Government has conducted a national security assessment of the proposed Simba-M1 merger, including the implications of foreign ownership of the merged entity and Simba's use of Huawei for its 5G infrastructure; and (b) what measures are in place to address any such national security risks from telco operators.
Mrs Josephine Teo: The proposed consolidation is being assessed in accordance with the Infocomm Media Development Authority's (IMDA) Telecom and Media Competition Code (TMCC). IMDA is conducting a comprehensive review of Simba and M1's commitments to ensure that public interests, including national security considerations, continue to be met and there is no significant lessening of competition. IMDA will make a decision when it has studied these considerations thoroughly.
For national security reasons, we do not disclose which systems are designated as critical information infrastructure. It is clear that our telecommunications infrastructure is critical and our telcos play an important role in safeguarding it by adhering to strict security and resilience requirements.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Drivers Caught Watching Videos or Using Auto-scrolling Social Media Applications whilst Driving","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"60 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Ministry collects data on the number of drivers caught watching videos or using auto-scrolling social media applications whilst driving; and (b) if so, whether there has been an increasing trend.
Mr K Shanmugam: The Traffic Police does not track the requested data.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Prevalence of Use of Local SIM Cards for Scams following Enactment of Law Enforcement and Other Matters Act","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"61 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information (a) whether the use of local SIM cards for scams has decreased since the Law Enforcement and Other Matters Bill was passed in Parliament on 2 April 2024; and (b) whether the Ministry intends to further restrict the maximum number of postpaid SIM cards per subscriber.
Mrs Josephine Teo: The number of scams featuring phone calls and SMSes as a first approach have decreased by 19% and 65% respectively from 2024 to 2025. This suggests that the new anti-scam measures and strengthening of enforcement action have been effective in mitigating the exploitation of SIM cards for scams.
To further deter SIM card offences, the Government has introduced enhanced penalties. With effect from 30 December 2025, scam mules who enable scammers by providing SIM cards will face discretionary caning of up to 12 strokes. They will also not be able to subscribe to new mobile lines. In addition, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and the Government Technology Agency of Singapore, alongside the Singapore Police Force (SPF), are proactively detecting scam-related mobile lines, and disrupted more than 105,000 scam-related mobile lines across all the telcos in 2025.
More recently, IMDA together with SPF, tightened the SIM card registration rules such that a person can only register a maximum of 10 postpaid SIM cards across all telcos with effect from 28 February 2026. To further mitigate scams through the call channel, we are also implementing a common prefix for Government agencies' calls to enable citizens to easily identify and trust calls from the authorities.
The Government will continue calibrating our measures against the scam situation in Singapore, including adjusting the postpaid SIM card limit if required. The Government takes a serious stance against those who enable scammers by providing them tools for scams, such as SIM cards. Offenders will be dealt with severely under the law.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Inclusion of DBSS Flats in Goodwill Repair Assistance Scheme","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"62 Dr Charlene Chen asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether the HDB flats built under the Design, Build and Sell Scheme (DBSS) are included in the Goodwill Repair Assistance (GRA) scheme, especially the pilot project, The Premiere@Tampines, whose ageing units face significant wear-and-tear issues, such as ceiling leaks; and (b) if not, whether the GRA can be extended to such flats.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: As the Goodwill Repair Assistance scheme is intended for flats developed by the Housing and Development Board (HDB), it is not extended to flats under the Design, Build and Sell Scheme (DBSS), which were designed, built and sold by private developers.
For DBSS flats, the private developers provided a one-year Defects Liability Period and an extended warranty of five years for ceiling leaks and water seepage, and 10 years for spalling concrete. After these have expired, owners of the affected upper and lower floor units are jointly responsible for repairing any ceiling leaks due to wear and tear, in line with flat owners' responsibility for the upkeep of their flats.
Where assistance is needed by flat owners, HDB would provide technical guidance, including goodwill investigative services where feasible and share a list of contractors whom flat owners may engage to carry out the repairs.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Extension of Asset-conversion Framework for Funding of SERS Land Acquisitions to VERS","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"63 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether the asset-conversion framework under which Past Reserves fund Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS) land acquisitions will extend to Voluntary Early Redevelopment Scheme (VERS); (b) since SERS sites are selected for high redevelopment potential whereas VERS sites are selected by age, how the Government satisfies itself that VERS acquisitions are value-neutral rather than net drawdowns; and (c) whether the President's Office has been consulted on this extension.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Voluntary Early Redevelopment Scheme is a long-term and complex undertaking. We aim to flesh out as much of the policy framework as possible during this term of Government. For now, it is too early to discuss the funding source and other details, which are part of the policy design.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Supporting Educators in Vocational Institutions to Integrate AI into Teaching and Learning","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"64 Dr Choo Pei Ling asked the Minister for Education (a) how the Ministry is supporting educators in vocational institutions to integrate artificial intelligence into teaching and learning; (b) whether dedicated time or resources are provided for such educators to build capability in this area; and (c) how is the effectiveness of such efforts evaluated.
Mr Desmond Lee: Lecturers in the polytechnics and Institute of Technical Education (ITE) are encouraged and supported to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) effectively in their teaching and learning. All new lecturers are required to undergo training to build up their competencies in AI. This includes understanding the use of AI tools in lesson design and assessment. New lecturers are also trained to understand their students' learning needs, so that the use of AI is grounded in sound pedagogy and complements learning outcomes. For example, new lecturers are taught how to harness AI to analyse student data and provide customised feedback.
Polytechnics and ITE also offer AI competency training to refresh and upgrade the skillsets of in-service lecturers through AI-related Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programmes. To enable lecturers to reap the benefits of AI, all institutions provide lecturers with AI tools that support a range of teaching and learning functions ranging from designing lesson materials to learning analytics. In addition, lecturers are involved in industry collaborations, such as industry attachments and consultancy projects, that help develop their domain-specific AI competencies. These experiences and insights are incorporated into curricula. The CPD programmes are regularly reviewed, taking in insights from pre- and post-training assessments and feedback from lecturers.
At the sector-wide level, the polytechnics and ITE have communities of practice for lecturers to share best practices, facilitate collaboration and drive experimentation of AI across institutions. The Ministry of Education recently established a new Committee for AI in Higher Education, chaired by the Minister for Education, and involving Presidents of autonomous universities, and Principals/CEOs of the polytechnics and ITE. The Committee will provide strategic direction across Institutes of Higher Learning on key AI priorities, including AI in teaching and learning.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Prevalence of Seniors Living Alone with Severe Lower Limb Mobility Loss or Bilateral Amputation","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"65 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) how many seniors living alone have been assessed with severe lower limb mobility loss or bilateral amputation; (b) whether existing home modification subsidies and options are found to adequately address the more extensive adaptation needs; and (c) whether a dedicated home modification pathway or enhanced subsidy tier will be recommended for seniors with lower limb loss to age in place.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: There are several schemes to help seniors age in place. This includes the enhanced Home Personal Care scheme, which provides subsidised personal care at home. The Enhancement for Active Seniors programme (EASE) provides up to 95% subsidies on home modifications, such as grab bars and ramps. The Seniors' Mobility and Enabling Fund (SMF) provides up to 90% subsidies for assistive devices like wheelchairs. The Home Caregiving Grant provides up to $600 per month to defray costs of care for seniors with moderate disability living in the community. These schemes were recently enhanced to ensure they continue to meet our seniors' needs.
Eligibility for such support is based on the applicants' needs. A key consideration is their ability to perform Activities of Daily Living and not types of disability, so that we have an objective assessment across conditions. The Ministry of Health does not track the number of seniors living alone with severe lower limb mobility loss or bilateral amputation.
As part of existing clinical and care pathways, therapists at public healthcare institutions or community service providers assess seniors' functional needs and recommend appropriate assistive devices, home modifications or both. Seniors may apply for EASE and SMF through their public healthcare institutions, community service providers or directly through the Housing and Development Board and the Agency for Integrated Care.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Subsidised Co-living Options for Singles, Addressing Motherhood Penalty, Publicising Shared Parental Leave Take-up Rates as Marriage and Parenthood Ideas","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"66 Mr Christopher de Souza asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) what are the key deliverables and implementation timelines of the new work group announced on 26 February 2026 to drive a society-wide reset on how marriage and parenthood are viewed and supported; and (b) how the Government aims to galvanise whole-of-society support for the plans of the work group.
67 Mr David Hoe asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether the Government will consider national initiatives to provide subsidised co-living opportunities in tandem with property developers for singles, with community programming and social infrastructure intentionally designed to encourage sustained bonding and social mixing, in view of Marriage and Parenthood survey findings that many singles face limited social circles and insufficient opportunities to meet potential partners.
68 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether the Ministry has studied the extent of a motherhood penalty or an employer bias faced by mothers returning to work after taking time off for childrearing, including in hiring, pay, job level and progression.
69 Ms Lee Hui Ying asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) whether the Ministry will mandate companies to publicly disclose their parental leave policies and utilisation rates to promote greater transparency and support for working parents; and (b) if so, what is the implementation timeline.
Ms Indranee Rajah: My reply will address Parliamentary Questions Nos 66 to 69 on today's Order Paper and also address Mr David Hoe's three related Parliamentary Questions which are scheduled for the next Sitting1,2,3.
Globally, marriage and parenthood are trending downwards or being delayed. Singapore's Total Fertility Rate fell to an historic low of 0.87 last year. Left unaddressed, it will over time have a significant impact on our society, our economy and the future of Singapore. The Government is committed to addressing this issue. However, it cannot be tackled by the Government alone. It requires a whole of society approach. As announced on 26 February we are setting up a Workgroup to drive a Marriage and Parenthood Reset. Mr Christopher de Souza has asked about the deliverables and timelines of the Workgroup and how the Government aims to galvanise whole-of-society support. We will be announcing composition of the Workgroup and its terms of reference very soon. So as not to forerun that and also because we are still in the process of fine-tuning the workstreams, I would not be providing details today. For now, I will just say that the Workgroup will explore a wide range of options to provide more support across each stage of one’s journey in marriage and parenthood and foster broader societal support.
Mr David Hoe asked about social infrastructure, community programming and co-living to provide opportunities for singles' interaction. The Government has been working with partners to grow spaces for youth to connect and meet new people. For example, the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) has been working with *SCAPE to develop the Somerset Belt into a vibrant youth precinct and to grow youth communities of interest in diverse areas. The Workgroup will look into creating opportunities for more social interaction, including the matters raised by Mr Hoe.
Mr Hoe also asked about stronger targeted measures to support working parents on caregiving. We are looking at how to better support parents with caregiving responsibilities, including strengthening existing measures and exploring new ones. However, bearing in mind that different sectors have different operational demands and job roles, our approach will not be to micro-manage but rather to drive progressive and sustainable workplace norms for better alignment of work and personal priorities that both employers and employees will support and embrace.
We will also explore ways to incentivise employers to develop work-life friendly practices and will consider Ms Lee Hui Ying's suggestion to have companies disclose their parental leave policies and utilisation rates.
Ms Elysa Chen asked about the motherhood penalty or employer bias for mothers returning to work. This is a very valid concern. The Workplace Fairness Act, which the House passed last year, prohibits adverse employment decisions on the basis of pregnancy and caregiving responsibilities. This is targeted to be implemented in end-2027. The Workgroup will look into the issue of support for women who want to continue in their careers while being mothers.
On Mr Hoe's query about fertility treatment, currently both men and women who undergo fertility treatments can obtain Medical Certificates, request for flexible work arrangements from their employers or take time-off from work. We are studying how we can get employers to provide better workplace support for those undergoing fertility treatment.
I thank the Members for their suggestions. We will announce details of the Workgroup and the approach to the Marriage and Parenthood Reset soon.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance beyond the current flexible work arrangement framework and guidelines, whether the Government will study stronger targeted measures to support parenthood prerogatives, including pilot incentives or legislation for employers to support parents of young children to start work later or leave up to an hour earlier for school, preschool or student-care drop-off and pick-up needs.","2 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance given that many singles cite limited social circles and few opportunities to meet potential partners, whether the Government will study incentivising large employers and the Public Service to organise cross-organisational social, recreational and community activities for young adults, so as to widen organic and sustained opportunities for social mixing, meaningful relationships, and marriage and parenthood aspirations.","3 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether the Government will consider introducing Government-paid fertility treatment leave, or equivalent paid time-off support, for employees undergoing assisted conception procedures like in-vitro fertilisation, given the repeated consultations and procedures involved, and to support Singapore’s broader marriage and parenthood objectives."],"footNoteQuestions":["66","67","68","69"],"questionNo":"66-69"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Workload with 2% to 9% Salary Increase for Teachers","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"70 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for Education whether the reported increase in teacher salaries of 2% to 9% will be accompanied by additional duties that may increase the workload of the teaching corps.
Mr Desmond Lee: The Ministry of Education conducts periodic salary reviews to ensure that the overall salary package of teachers remain market competitive. The planned salary revision of 2% to 9% is not tied to additional duties.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Take-up Rate of Graduate Diploma in Mental Health","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"71 Mr Christopher de Souza asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what is the take-up rate of the Graduate Diploma in Mental Health jointly offered by the Institute of Mental Health and National University of Singapore; and (b) whether the programme will be scaled up to enable more family physicians to diagnose and manage mental health conditions in the community.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The Graduate Diploma for Mental Health equips medical professionals with added knowledge and skills to diagnose and manage individuals with mental health conditions. It has an average intake of about 25 medical professionals each year. The intake has gradually increased since the programme's inception and may be expanded if national needs increase.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Food Wastage and Student Satisfaction Rates in Schools with Central Kitchen Meal Model","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"72 Dr Charlene Chen asked the Minister for Education regarding school meals (a) what is the percentage of plate waste (discarded food) in schools on the Central Kitchen Meal Model compared to traditional canteen models; and (b) what measures, if any, are being taken to improve the palatability and freshness of centrally prepared meals for students.
73 Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan asked the Minister for Education (a) whether the Ministry monitors food wastage rates in schools under the Central Kitchen Meal Model (CKMM), specifically the proportion of bento meals disposed of uneaten; (b) if so, what are the current wastage rates across the 13 CKMM schools; and (c) how do these rates compare to wastage rates in schools still operating under the individual stallholder model.
74 Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan asked the Minister for Education with student satisfaction listed as one of four evaluation criteria for the Central Kitchen Meal Model (CKMM) (a) what specific indicators and measurement methods are used to assess student satisfaction with bento meals across the 13 schools; and (b) what satisfaction thresholds must be met for the CKMM to be considered successful.
Mr Desmond Lee: My response will address the questions raised by Dr Charlene Chen and Ms Eileen Chong on food wastage and student satisfaction under the Central Kitchen Meal Model (CKMM).
While traditional canteen stalls provide on-the-spot flexibility for students to select dishes and customise portion sizes and taste, what the students order may not always provide a balanced meal including sufficient vegetables.
When we first rolled out the CKMM, we observed food wastage in the initial weeks of implementation. This was particularly noticeable among our younger primary school students. Some children could not finish their meal portions and others needed time to get used to the new flavours and dishes they have not tried before. As meals are pre-ordered, students were also adjusting to the new system of not being able to choose on the spot.
Since the start of the year, the Ministry of Education (MOE), schools and operators have been listening to the feedback and making improvements. For example, when celery proved unpopular with students, operators switched to broccoli, which has been better received. This is the kind of response we seek, one that maintains nutrition while ensuring children eat what is served.
Regarding menu diversity and options, I would like to address a common misconception. Under the CKMM, students actually have more choices than before. Our operators now offer six to 14 different meal options daily, with menus changing weekly or even daily. Compared to the small number of stalls these 13 schools previously had, our students are getting more variety now.
We are not guessing what students like. We regularly gather feedback on flavours and variety, and we track which bento options are most popular. This data helps us fine-tune menus to match student preferences whilst still meeting the Health Promotion Board's nutritional standards. MOE is also working on establishing clear satisfaction benchmarks to guide our operators. At the same time, we recognise that our students' tastes are wide and varied, and it is not possible to satisfy all tastes and preferences. However, we remain committed to doing our best to provide meals that are both nutritious and appealing.
MOE is committed to continue working closely with schools and operators to improve the CKMM implementation. We will also explore other canteen models to complement traditional canteen stallholders. Our goal remains the same, to ensure students continue to have good access nutritious and affordable food that they enjoy eating.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Targeted Measures to Ease Short-term Financial Strain on Heavily Leveraged Homeowners","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"75 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance given the Middle East conflict's anticipated impact on rising global interest rates and mortgage repayments (a) whether the Ministry has considered introducing targeted measures to ease short-term financial strain on heavily leveraged homeowners, particularly recent buyers; and (b) what are the key considerations in the Ministry's approach to supporting affected homeowners.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister): The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the Housing and Development Board (HDB) have in place safeguards to pre-empt over-borrowing for property purchases, as well as strengthen borrowers' resilience to rising interest rates. The calculation of the Total Debt Servicing Ratio by banks incorporates an interest rate floor to determine loan affordability to guard against excessive leverage when interest rates are low. This applies to mortgage loans for both private property and HDB purchases. For HDB loans, HDB assesses the loan quantum carefully and offers concessionary mortgage loans to HDB flat buyers. The impact of rising interest rates is mitigated by the peg of the HDB mortgage loan to the Central Provident Fund Ordinary Account interest rate.
Interest rates have remained stable in Singapore. However, as the global situation remains uncertain, we urge home buyers to exercise prudence in their home-buying decisions.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Town Councils' Community Improvement Projects Accepted for FY2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"76 Mr Pritam Singh asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether the Ministry has considered or accepted any Community Improvement Projects Committee (CIPC) nominations from any Town Council for FY2025; (b) when will nominations open this year for Town Councils to put up CIPC proposals for consideration; and (c) whether the Ministry intends for Town Councils to combine their FY2025 nominations into their list of FY2026 nominations.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Community Improvement Projects Committee (CIPC) is a funding scheme to provide funding support to Town Councils and Citizens' Consultative Committees for small-scale improvement works in the Housing and Development Board estates.
Following requests from several Town Councils to extend the deadline for FY2024 CIPC nominations due to the handing and taking over processes after General Election 2025, the Ministry of National Development (MND) extended the timeline for submission. The FY2024 projects were awarded three months ago, in January 2026.
To allow all Town Councils sufficient time to work on their FY2024 projects, MND has not started the exercise for Town Councils to submit CIPC nominations for the FY2025 and FY2026 cycles. When the nomination process is ready to commence, we will inform the Town Councils and Citizens' Consultative Committees on the details.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Removing Advertisements on Online Platforms for Illegal Subletting of HDB Shops' Outdoor Display Areas","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"77 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Minister for National Development (a) how will the Ministry assist Town Councils in monitoring and removing online advertisements for illegal subletting of Housing and Development Board shops' outdoor display areas on online platforms like Carousell and Facebook; and (b) whether revoking such outdoor display area permits effectively deters illegal subletting.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: Town Councils are empowered under the Town Councils Act to enact and enforce by-laws to regulate the use of common property, including enforcement against the non-permitted use of Outdoor Display Areas (ODAs). Town Councils can exercise discretion to revoke or withhold permits for use of ODAs should they suspect any illegal subletting.
For online advertisements on platforms, such as Carousell and Facebook, Town Councils may report such listings to the respective platform operators for review and removal, where they contravene the platforms' terms of service or facilitate activities that are not permitted.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Terms for Infrastructure Upgrades and Range of Electrical Capacity in EV Charging Contracts in HDB Car Parks","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"78 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Acting Minister for Transport for the initial installations of electric vehicle (EV) chargers in close to 2,000 Housing and Development Board (HDB) carparks (a) whether the tenders for EV charger deployment includes electrical infrastructure upgrades; and (b) what is the range of electrical capacity that is available at HDB carparks today and the corresponding maximum number of chargers that can be installed before further capacity upgrades are required.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The electrical capacity available varies across carparks. Tenders for electrical infrastructure upgrades are separate from that for the deployment of electric vehicle (EV) chargers at the Housing and Development Board (HDB) carparks, as they involve different scopes of work and contractors. For example, in May 2025, a tender was awarded to upgrade electrical infrastructure at 300 HDB multi-storey carparks.
The electrical capacity available varies across carparks. HDB carparks can support three to 12 slow charging points today, based on typical electricity capacities.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Investigations of Singapore-based Companies in 19 March 2026 US Indictment on Unlawful Diversion of AI Technology to China","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"79 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the US authorities have informed the Government of any involvement by entities or persons in or operating from Singapore in the recent 19 March 2026 US indictment on unlawful diversion of AI technology to China; and (b) whether the Government is investigating any Singapore incorporated company or Singapore based persons for possible breaches of such US export controls.
Mr K Shanmugam: The United States has not approached the Singapore Government to share information relating to involvement of Singapore entities or persons in the indictment which the Member is referring to.
Singapore will only investigate and enforce breaches of our own laws. While Singapore does not enforce the laws – including the export controls – of other countries, we expect all companies operating in Singapore to take into account such regulations and other relevant laws when conducting international business activities. We also do not condone businesses deliberately using their association with Singapore to circumvent or violate the export controls of other countries.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Considerations in Determining Setback Distance and Other Safety Requirements for Energy Storage Systems in Fire Code","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"80 Mr Ng Shi Xuan asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs whether, in determining the setback distance and other safety requirements for Energy Storage Systems (ESS) under the Fire Code in Singapore, the SCDF has considered (a) the recommended standards in the US National Fire Protection Association's NFPA 855 safety standard (2026 Edition) and (b) imposing differentiated requirements depending on the safety certifications of the ESS in question.
Mr K Shanmugam: The Fire Code stipulates the fire safety requirements for Energy Storage Systems (ESS), such as minimum setback distances, fire-rated compartmentation, maximum storage limits and enhanced sprinkler systems for effective fire containment and suppression.
In developing these fire safety requirements, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) collaborated with Government agencies, international experts and industry partners as well as referenced international standards, such as the NFPA 855 safety standard.
SCDF already imposes differentiated fire safety requirements for ESS installations based on their corresponding fire risk profile which is, in turn, determined by factors, such as potential for fire spread, explosion and toxic gas emissions.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Addressing Reports of Exploitation and Human Trafficking Involving Foreign Nationals from War-torn Countries in Southeast Asia","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"81 Mr Christopher de Souza asked the Minister for Manpower (a) what measures are being taken in Singapore to address recent reports of exploitation and human trafficking involving foreign nationals from war-torn countries in Southeast Asia; and (b) how is the Ministry strengthening enforcement, safeguards and collaboration with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to better protect vulnerable migrant workers in Singapore.
Dr Tan See Leng: Singapore takes a serious view of trafficking-in-persons, and the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) investigates all cases of potential labour trafficking and exploitation offences. MOM has stepped up on enforcement and is investigating several companies and employment agencies for illegal employment practices involving work permit holders. This includes the illegal deployment of work permit holders in occupations different from those specified in their work permits, as well as making false declarations in work pass applications. MOM also conducts surprise checks at workplaces to engage migrant workers and ensure that they were not coerced or deceived into performing exploitative forms of work.
To strengthen protection of migrant workers, MOM partners non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to raise awareness among migrant workers on their employment rights and protections, including through the mandatory Settling-in Programme. NGOs and migrant workers who encounter contraventions of employment laws are encouraged to report them to MOM. Workers with valid claims will receive special passes allowing them to remain in Singapore and seek alternative employment.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Resources for Hoarding Management Core Group, New Environment Action Team, Town Councils and Partners in Addressing Active Hoarding Cases","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"82 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Minister for National Development in light of active hoarding cases nearly doubling from about 250 in 2021 to about 450 in 2024, whether the resources available to the Hoarding Management Core Group, New Environment Action Team, Town Councils and partner social service agencies have increased at a commensurate rate.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: As of June 2025, the Hoarding Management Core Group and New Environment Action Team (NEAT) have decluttered 308 severe hoarding cases. We are also working on another 450 active hoarding cases, up from 253 in December 2021. This increase could be due to greater public awareness of hoarding in the community after NEAT was launched in January 2025, as well as efforts by the network coming together to identify cases early for intervention. With an ageing population, we may see an increase in the number of hoarding cases.
NEAT's approach helps us pool, coordinate and optimise available resources as a whole of society, involving volunteers and experts across the public, private and people sectors. This is a more effective and sustainable way of managing the hoarding cases.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of Economic Anxieties on Social Insularity","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"83 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) whether the Ministry has assessed economic anxieties, such as job insecurity and high cost of living, to be as significant drivers of rising social insularity; (b) if so, why current social cohesion efforts have not more directly addressed these underlying economic concerns; and (c) if not, what factors have been assessed to be the primary drivers.
Mr David Neo: The recent 2026 Edelman Trust Barometer highlighted that economic anxieties, such as job security and cost-of-living, are drivers of rising social insularity.
The Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) does not have a local study that has identified economic anxieties as the drivers of social insularity or measures the relationship between such drivers and social insularity.
Nonetheless, the Government recognises the importance of tackling cost pressures and job anxiety and is taking active steps to refresh our strategies and strengthen our social compact. The Government has convened the Economic Strategy Review to chart our forward-looking economic blueprint to drive growth and create good jobs for Singaporeans. We are doing more to build resilience and skills of our workforce to support lifelong learning for all Singaporeans. The Government has helped Singaporeans manage cost pressures through broad-based support, such as the Cost-of-Living Special Payment, U-Save rebates and CDC vouchers. Initiatives, such as Jobs Nearby @ CDC, also directly support Singaporeans in their job search and address job anxiety.
Strengthening social cohesion requires sustained efforts across multiple fronts. How cohesive our society is depends very much on how much people identify with one another, the strength of person-to-person relationships and the extent of involvement of citizens in community building.
MCCY works together with agencies across the public service, as well as stakeholders in the people and private sectors to strengthen our shared values as a nation. For instance, we partner various stakeholders to promote interfaith dialogues and also to strengthen racial and religious harmony. We also work with corporates and community groups to help newcomers studying, working and living in Singapore to familiarise themselves with Singapore's social norms and values and integrate well in our community.
We are actively expanding the common space for our people to interact, bond and identify with each other. We are bringing youths to interact through inter-school sports events and multi-school teams, as well as bringing our local arts and heritage to various parts of Singapore to activate communities, through initiatives, such as ArtsEverywhere @ CDC.
A cohesive society comes from building a society where different people feel that they have the opportunity, despite their diverse backgrounds and talents, to succeed in their own way. Hence, we have been stepping up various development programmes, such as mentoring, to develop our youths as well as to enhance the pathways for our young artists and athletes to develop and succeed.
Finally, we create giving and volunteering opportunities for Singaporeans to care for one another so we can build stronger bonds, deeper trust and a greater sense of ownership. One example is the Community Foundation of Singapore's Collective for a Stronger Society, which brings together philanthropists, non-profits and Government agencies to support programmes that offer holistic support in education, employment, health and social assistance to lower-income families.
It takes the collective efforts of a whole nation to stem the tide of rising social insularity and build a \"We First\" society. We welcome more ideas and partnerships as we continue with our multi-pronged approach to build a more cohesive society.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Average Daily Non-contact Time for Educators in Preschools","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"85 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) whether the Ministry has data on the current average daily non-contact time for educators in preschools under the Anchor Operator and Partner Operator schemes; (b) when was the teacher-child ratio last adjusted; (c) whether the Ministry will review the current ratio; and (d) whether the Ministry will consider a tiered staffing model with distinct ratios for early childhood educators and ancillary care assistants.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: The Early Childhood Development Agency does not have data on the average daily non-contact time for educators in preschools.
When the Early Childhood Development Centres Act was enacted in 2017, minimum requirements for staff-to-child ratio for preschools were reviewed to ensure the safety and well-being of children. These ratios are calibrated based on the programme level of children, type of programme hours and the qualifications of staff. For example, one qualified early years educator is required for every eight children at the Playgroup level during programme hours. During non-programme hours, or if an additional assistant early years educator is deployed during programme hours, this can increase to 12 children.
Preschools can and do operate with more than the minimum staff requirement to cater to their programming objectives and manpower deployment needs, such as staff leave and training. On top of staff-to-child ratios, preschools may also deploy additional non-certified staff to assist certified educators with setting classroom routines, and the daily care and supervision of children.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Water Loss Rate in 2025 in National Water Distribution System","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"86 Ms Valerie Lee asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) what is Singapore's 2025 water loss rate in the national water distribution system; (b) how many reported cases are sited near land transport related construction sites; and (c) what new measures are being implemented since 2023 to further reduce water loss and improve the efficiency and resilience of the water supply network.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: Singapore's water loss rate for our potable water network is reported in the Public Utilities Board's (PUB's) Annual and Sustainability Report. In 2025, Singapore achieved a water loss rate of 7.2%, which is among the lowest in the world. In the same year, there were six cases of damaged pipes arising from activities at land transport-related construction sites.
To reduce the risk of damages to water pipes, since 2023, PUB has required contractors to GPS tag certain machinery to monitor high-risk works that take place near PUB's critical pipelines.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Average Duration between Issuance of HDB Flat Eligibility Letter and Signing of Lease Agreement","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"87 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for National Development (a) what is the current average duration between the issuance of an HDB Flat Eligibility (HFE) letter and the signing of the Agreement for Lease; and (b) whether there is scope to update the HFE loan amount to reflect any income changes if the duration exceeds a certain period.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: To help flat buyers with their planning and preparations, the HDB Flat Eligibility (HFE) letter was introduced in May 2023 to give buyers upfront clarity on their eligibility to buy a new or resale flat, as well as the housing grant and the Housing and Development Board (HDB) housing loan amount they may qualify for. Buyers must have a valid HFE letter when they apply for an HDB flat.
In November 2023, HDB extended the validity period of the HFE letter from six to nine months. This strikes a balance between providing flat buyers with greater convenience and ensuring currency of eligibility assessments. For buyers whose HFE letter is expiring within 30 days, they may apply for a fresh HFE letter. Applications with a complete set of documents are mostly processed within seven working days. Until a fresh HFE letter is issued, buyers can still use their existing HFE letter to apply for a flat. We have no plans to extend the validity period further, as a longer validity period comes with a trade-off that the information submitted could become less current.
Buyers who are successful in their new flat application will be invited to book a flat according to their balloted queue number. Even if their HFE letter has expired by then, the HDB housing loan amount they are eligible for remains unchanged. This helps buyers to make informed choices when they apply for their flats. Buyers will then be invited to sign the Agreement for Lease, typically within nine months after flat booking.
Buyers with genuine need to review the HDB housing loan amount they are eligible for can seek HDB's assistance on a case-by-case basis.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Improving Motor Vehicle Ownership Transfer Process","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"88 Ms Denise Phua Lay Peng asked the Acting Minister for Transport whether LTA can consider improving the motor vehicle ownership transfer process including by (a) adding more safeguards in addition to SingPass authentication, to avoid giving sellers a false sense of security; (b) having stronger advisories to warn against transferring ownership before payment; and (c) requiring motor dealers conducting such transactions to be licensed, registered, or accredited to enhance consumer protection.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: Besides the mandatory SingPass authentication for the seller and buyer, there is a two-step confirmation by both parties before the motor vehicle ownership transfer process is completed. Advisories can be found on the Land Transport Authority's (LTA's) OneMotoring website, urging sellers to transfer motor vehicle ownership only after receiving payment and to exercise caution before making any transaction.
There is a CaseTrust-Singapore Vehicle Traders Association accreditation for second-hand motor dealers, who are assessed for fair business practices, transparency and dispute resolution. Members of the public are encouraged to engage with these dealers for greater assurance.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Arrangements to Ensure Essential Supply Lines to Singapore during Regional Conflicts or Naval Disruptions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"89 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Acting Minister for Transport in view that the Strait of Hormuz crisis has shown foreign carriers prioritising their home governments' interests, and that Singapore no longer has a nationally aligned shipping line following the divestment of Neptune Orient Lines in 2016, what arrangements are being put in place to ensure essential supply lines to Singapore are maintained during a regional conflict or naval disruption.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: Singapore secures our essential supply lines through diversifying our sources, maintaining our position as a trusted global hub and strengthening international partnerships.
Singapore is served by a wide network of global shipping lines calling regularly at the Port of Singapore. Changi Airport is likewise connected to about 170 cities worldwide by a range of airlines. This reduces dependence on any one operator and ensures that alternative shipping options remain available even in times of disruption.
We also work with like-minded partners to keep trade routes open and facilitate the continued flow of essential goods during disruptions through bilateral and multilateral arrangements.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of War in Iran on Job Security and Retrenchment Risk in Sectors with Significant Fuel and Freight Cost Exposure","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"90 Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan asked the Minister for Manpower in light of the Iran war and the surge in fuel prices, what is the Ministry's current assessment of the impact on job security and retrenchment risk in sectors with significant fuel and freight cost exposure, such as aviation, maritime and port operations, land transport, and wholesale trade and logistics.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Member may refer to the Ministerial Statement given by Deputy Prime Minister Gan at the Sitting on 7 April 2026. [Please refer to \"Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Ministerial Statements section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Adequacy of S&CC Rebates and Support Measures in Cushioning HDB Households from Pressures due to Higher Energy Costs","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"91 Dr Wan Rizal asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether existing service and conservancy charges (S&CC) rebates and other support measures remain sufficient to cushion HDB households from broader cost-of-living pressures arising from higher energy and fuel costs.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: This question was addressed by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry, the Acting Minister for Transport and Senior Minister of State for Finance, and the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs, in their Ministerial Statements on the Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore at the Parliamentary Sitting on 7 April 2026. [Please refer to \"Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Ministerial Statements section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Remote Work for Non-essential Services to Reduce Use of Transport amid Petrol Price Surges","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"92 Mr Foo Cexiang asked the Minister for Manpower whether the Government will consider temporarily encouraging remote work for non-essential services to reduce the use of transport amid petrol price surges due to the Middle East situation.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Government has elaborated on the fuel situation in the Ministerial Statements on 7 April 2026. [Please refer to \"Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Ministerial Statements section.]
We currently do not have plans to encourage remote work specifically in response to petrol price surges.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Assessment of Effect on SMEs, Singapore's Energy Policy and Most-impacted Workers from War in Iran","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"93 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry how the Government is assessing the impact of volatility in bunkering fuel prices and shipping costs arising from the Iran conflict and disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz on small and medium enterprises in Singapore, particularly those in logistics, food import, retail and e-commerce delivery services.
94 Mr Shawn Loh asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) whether there are new lessons for the Government's energy policy from the on-going conflict in the Middle East; and (b) whether the conflict will catalyse or accelerate the Government's policy directions, including (i) diversifying power generation to include nuclear energy and (ii) vehicular electrification to reduce fuel dependency.
95 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry in light of the current economic climate, to what extent is the Government prioritising immediate cost relief such as subsidies or rebates over long term solutions like energy efficiency and decarbonisation, especially when small and medium enterprises may lack resources to invest in greener technologies.
96 Mr Sanjeev Kumar Tiwari asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry in light of the Middle East conflict and its impact on energy prices and supply chains (a) which sectors and groups of workers are likely to be most directly impacted; and (b) what are the Government's plans to cushion the impact on these businesses and workers.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: These questions were addressed by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry, the Acting Minister for Transport and Senior Minister of State for Finance, and the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs, in their Ministerial Statements on the Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore at the Parliamentary Sitting on 7 April 2026. [Please refer to \"Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Ministerial Statements section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Investigation on DBS and POSB Banking Services Outage and Strengthening Digital Banking Resilience","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"1 Mr Alex Yeo asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance in respect of the DBS and POSB digital banking services disruption on 19 March 2026 (a) whether the root cause of the disruption has been identified; (b) whether it is similar to previous incidents and how it is being addressed; and (c) how will MAS take further steps to ensure that banks strengthen the resilience and reliability of their digital banking services.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister): The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has set a clear expectation for banks to limit the unscheduled downtime for critical systems to four hours for any rolling period of 12 months. This expectation holds banks to high standards of system resiliency while recognising that operational disruptions can sometimes happen due to the complexity of systems. When there is a system outage, banks are expected to recover services swiftly and safely.
DBS Bank encountered a system issue and suffered a service disruption lasting about one hour from 12.03 pm to 1.19 pm on 19 March 2026. The disruption prevented customers from viewing their deposit balances and some customers from making payments through digital channels. Automated teller machines, credit cards and NETS debit cards continued to be accessible. DBS Bank was also able to recover its systems after one hour and restore all services to customers.
Investigations reveal that the disruption was caused by an erroneous step when performing a system change. MAS will follow-up with DBS Bank to strengthen their change management process.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Utilisation Rates of Parent Care Leave by Public Servants from 2023","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"2 Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance for each year from 2023 (a) what is the number and percentage of public servants who utilised parent-care leave; and (b) what is the average and median number of days of parent-care leave taken by public servants.
Mr Chan Chun Sing (for the Prime Minister): From 1 January 2025, the Civil Service had broadened its two-day provision of Parent Care Leave (PCL) to Family Care Leave (FCL) to include other immediate family members, such as grandparents, siblings and grandchildren, in view of additional caregiving demands.
From 2023 to 2025, on average each year, about 42,300 officers or 46% of eligible officers in the Civil Service took at least one day of PCL or FCL. The mean and median number of days of corresponding leave taken were 1.74 days and two days respectively.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact Assessment of Rising Energy and Food Prices on Varying Household Groups and Targeted Support Measures","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"3 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) whether the Government has assessed how rising energy and food prices arising from the Middle East conflict disproportionately affect different household groups (i) currently and (ii) potentially; and (b) whether support measures are sufficiently targeted to address such distributional impacts.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: This question was addressed by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry, the Acting Minister for Transport and Senior Minister of State for Finance and the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs, in their Ministerial Statements on the Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore at the Parliamentary Sitting on 7 April 2026.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Reintroduction of Course Fees Relief from 2027 and Alternative Personal Income Tax Reliefs for Skills Upgrading","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"4 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance with Course Fees Relief having lapsed from year of assessment 2026 onwards, whether the Government is considering (i) reintroducing the relief from year of assessment 2027 onwards or (ii) introducing alternative personal income tax reliefs and rebates tied to continuous learning and skills upgrading.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Course Fees Relief ended from the Year of Assessment 2026 as the Government has introduced more targeted, direct support for lifelong learning and upskilling. These include course fee subsidies, training allowances, salary support for those undertaking on-the-job training through Career Conversion Programmes and the SkillsFuture Credit, which can be used for out-of-pocket costs on top of course fee subsidies.
Given these support measures, there are no plans to reintroduce the relief or introduce alternative personal income tax reliefs and rebates tied to continuous learning and skills upgrading.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Review Frequency of Social Support Scheme Adequacy and Framework to Trigger Temporary Support Schemes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"5 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) how frequently does the Government review social support scheme adequacy and what specific economic indicators will trigger an out-of-cycle review; (b) how is the adequacy of support assessed and measured for lower-income households; (c) whether the Ministry will consider predetermined thresholds to trigger temporary support schemes similar to those deployed during COVID-19; and (d) if so, what are they.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Government regularly reviews social support schemes to ensure that they remain responsive to households' needs.
To assess whether support remains adequate for lower-income households, the Government monitors key indicators, such as real income growth, and outcomes across the employment, housing, health and education domains. This allows us to better understand household trends in achieving stability, self-reliance and social mobility, efficacy of the support, as well as identify areas with unmet needs where support can be enhanced.
Where necessary, the Government will complement social support schemes with temporary assistance measures to cushion the impact of exceptional shocks. The Government assesses each situation holistically, considering the scale and nature of disruptions alongside the adequacy of existing support measures. This approach ensures that our support is sized appropriately and targeted at those who need it more.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Energy Security, Supply Resilience and Business Support Measures Against Middle East Disruptions and Price Volatility","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"6 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) whether the establishment of Singapore GasCo Pte Ltd has strengthened Singapore's resilience to potential disruptions in natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies arising from the Middle East conflict; and (b) what contingency arrangements are in place to safeguard electricity generation and price stability should such disruptions persist.
7 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry beyond immediate cost relief measures, whether the Government will consider facilitating pooled procurement, hedging solutions and supply chain diversification to help firms better manage energy price volatility and strengthen resilience to future shocks.
8 Assoc Prof Kenneth Goh asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) whether the Government has assessed if recent petrol pump price increases in Singapore reflect normal wholesale cost pass-through or has widened retail margins; and (b) what enforcement or supervisory mechanisms are available to address any disproportionate price increases.
9 Assoc Prof Kenneth Goh asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) whether Singapore's energy resilience framework has been reviewed against current risks arising from the situation at Strait of Hormuz; (b) what factors and prolonged disruption scenarios underpin the Government's assessment of the sufficiency of fuel stock and supply arrangements across key economic sectors; and (c) whether further measures are being considered to address any gaps identified.
10 Mr Shawn Loh asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry what are the Government's considerations to provide time-limited conditional support for businesses who face unanticipated significant increases in energy costs, while ensuring that the volatile economy continues to reward the most productive, efficient and far-sighted businesses.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: These questions were addressed by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry, the Acting Minister for Transport and Senior Minister of State for Finance and the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs, in their Ministerial Statements on the Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore at the Parliamentary Sitting on 7 April 2026. [Please refer to \"Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Ministerial Statements section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Complaints Received on Defective Non-vehicle Consumer Goods Under Consumer Protection Act and Outcomes of Complaints from 2021 to 2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"11 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry for each year from 2021 to 2025, (a) how many complaints concerning defective non-vehicle consumer goods were received by CASE under the Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act; (b) how many of these were not resolved in favour of the consumer; and (c) what are the three most common reasons for unsuccessful resolution of such cases.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: From 2021 to 2025, the Consumers Association of Singapore received between 156 and 176 complaints annually concerning defective non-vehicle consumer goods. Over two-thirds of these complaints were successfully resolved in favour of the consumer.
Of the remaining one-third, around 26% were not resolved due to parties being unable to reach an amicable resolution or a lack of response from either the business or the consumer. The remaining 7% are recent cases that are still undergoing the negotiation process.
The three most common reasons for unsuccessful resolution are: one, disagreement over whether the good was defective or if the damage was due to wear-and-tear or consumer misuse; two, disagreement over the return policy, for example, whether the good can be refunded instead of being repaired or replaced; and three, partial refunds for the good proposed by the supplier which were deemed insufficient by the consumer.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of MNC Regional Headquarters Relocation on Youth Job Opportunities and Corporate Retention Strategies","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"12 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) whether the relocation of multinational corporation (MNC) regional headquarters has reduced job opportunities for youths; (b) what strategies are being deployed by the Government to retain MNCs in Singapore; and (c) how many Singaporean youths have relocated overseas for full-time employment in the past five years as a result of MNC relocations.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: Multinational corporations (MNCs) regularly review and adjust their business operations to adapt to evolving economic conditions and industry cycles. The number of foreign headquarters (HQs) in Singapore has actually increased by 33.8% from about 770 in 2019 to about 1,030 in 2024 and the number of resident professionals, managers and executives employed in foreign HQs based in Singapore has also increased from 12,700 in 2019 to 13,700 in 2024.
To attract and retain MNCs in Singapore and create good jobs for Singaporeans, we must continue to strengthen our value proposition and attributes, such as good governance, rule of law, well-trained workforce, strong base in science and technology and connectivity to the region and globally.
We do not collect data on the reasons why Singaporean youths relocate overseas for full-time employment.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Proportion of Inmates with Dependent Children Below Age of 18 and Tracking Outcomes of Children of Incarcerated Parents","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"13 Mr Victor Lye asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) what proportion of inmates have dependent children below the age of 18; and (b) whether the Ministry tracks outcomes for children of incarcerated parents, including educational attainment and involvement in youth offending.
Mr K Shanmugam: As of 31 December 2024, 15.4% of inmates under the custody of the Singapore Prison Service (SPS) have at least one child below the age of 18 years old. SPS does not actively track outcomes for children of incarcerated parents.
The Ministry of Home Affairs recognises that incarceration impacts the inmate and family members.
A 2017 study done by the SPS found that about one in five incarcerated parents had at least one child who subsequently offended.1 The study also found that these children tended to come into contact with the criminal justice system at a younger age than their parents. The findings highlighted the importance of strengthening family and social protective factors to mitigate the risk of intergenerational offending.
To address this, inmates with children below the age of 21 years old are proactively identified by SPS upon their admission into prison. With the inmate's consent, social workers will assess the family's needs and refer them to appropriate community resources.
SPS also collaborates with community partners through various programmes to assist the families of inmates, including children. For example, the Yellow Ribbon Community Project is a grassroots-led programme where trained volunteers reach out to and support the families of inmates, if they opt into this programme. If necessary, volunteers will also link the families up with existing community resources, such as social service agencies and Family Service Centres. These initiatives help to cushion the impact of parental incarceration.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : This study examined a 10-year cohort of drug offenders admitted between 2008 and 2017."],"footNoteQuestions":["13"],"questionNo":"13"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Fire Safety Requirements, Protocols and Enforcement Measures for Hawker Centres and Food Establishments","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"14 Ms Valerie Lee asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether hawker centres and multi-unit food establishments are required to conduct fire drills and fire safety education; and (b) if so, what are the current protocols, frequency requirements and enforcement measures to ensure preparedness among stallholders and staff.
Mr K Shanmugam: As part of its community outreach programmes, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) partners the National Environment Agency and the National Fire and Emergency Preparedness Council to regularly engage and educate stallholders in food establishments on how to prevent and respond to fire emergencies.
In addition, under the Fire Safety Act, public buildings with an occupant load exceeding 200 persons, including hawker centres, must establish an emergency response plan and conduct evacuation drills at least once per year.
The use of liquefied petroleum gas for cooking, cleaning requirements for kitchen exhaust ducts in eating establishments, as well as fire safety provisions, such as hose reels, fire extinguishers and adequate means of escape, are regulated under the Fire Code. As part of its enforcement efforts, the SCDF inspects hawker centres through scheduled visits and unannounced inspections in response to public feedback. Premise owners or occupiers in breach of fire safety requirements, such as the non-maintenance of kitchen exhaust duct, may be liable to fines up to $10,000 and/or imprisonment for up to six months.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Police Hotline Calls for Outrage of Modesty Cases in 2025 and Investigation Outcomes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"15 Ms Lee Hui Ying asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) how many calls have been made on the police hotline to report cases of outrage of modesty in 2025; and (b) what proportion of such calls have resulted in (i) investigations and (ii) convictions.
Mr K Shanmugam: The Police do not track the number of calls made to report specific offences, such as outrage of modesty. However, the Police track the number of reported cases of outrage of modesty, of which there were 1,531 cases in 2025. The Police investigated into all the reported cases. There are some cases which are still under investigation or prosecution.
16 Ms Lee Hui Ying asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs how many reported cases of outrage of modesty in 2025 involved perpetrators who were (i) colleagues or supervisors, (ii) teachers, (iii) relatives and (iv) friends.
Mr K Shanmugam: More than half of the total number of reported cases of outrage of modesty in 2025 involved perpetrators known to the victims.
The breakdown of the perpetrators for these cases are \tapproximately as follows: 11% were colleagues or supervisors; 2% were teachers; 10% were relatives and 20% were friends of the victims.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Guidelines Ensuring Safety and Well-being of Auxiliary Police Officers While Managing Traffic at Road Junctions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"17 Ms Valerie Lee asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in light of manpower constraints and operational demands, what guidelines are in place to ensure the safety and well-being of auxiliary police officers particularly when managing traffic at road junctions for long shifts.
Mr K Shanmugam: As the industry regulator, the Singapore Police Force works closely with the Auxiliary Police Forces (APFs) and issues directives to ensure the continuity and reliability of APF services. These directives contain requirements for APFs to implement measures to ensure the safety and well-being of Auxiliary Police Officers (APOs), in addition to requirements on operational competency and equipping. Measures to address their safety and well-being include limiting deployment hours and ensuring APOs have sufficient rest between deployments.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Police Reports and Investigations on Pro-Palestine and Pro-Israel Activities Since October 2023, and Investigation Outcomes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"18 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) how many police reports and investigations have been made in relation to (i) pro-Palestine causes and (ii) pro-Israel causes, since October 2023; and (b) what have been the outcomes of these investigations.
Mr K Shanmugam: Since October 2023, the Police have investigated into eight cases of unlawful public assemblies and processions that were in relation to the Israel-Hamas conflict. All of the eight cases were in support of Palestine.
The Police had investigated into these cases because potential offences under the Public Order Act 2009 were disclosed and not because of the support of Palestine by the defendants.
Among these eight cases, four are currently undergoing Police investigations and one was acquitted by the Court but pending appeal by the Attorney-General's Chambers. The remaining three cases have concluded with warnings issued by the Police to the persons involved.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Traffic Offences Issued in 1Q2026 Following Step-up Enforcements and Breakdown of Traffic Offences by Type","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"19 Mr Liang Eng Hwa asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) what is the number of traffic offences issued in the first three months of 2026 since the Traffic Police step up enforcements; (b) what are the breakdown of the type of traffic offences; and (c) what are the numbers for the same period last year.
Mr K Shanmugam: 55,044 traffic violations were detected between January and February 2026, an approximately 6% increase compared to 51,944 violations in the same period in 2025.1 The statistics for March 2026 are not available yet. The top three traffic violations across the first two months of both years are in Table 1 below.
20 Dr Hamid Razak asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) whether the Ministry can provide the distribution of closed cases for both the COMIT and CREST programmes by (i) zero sessions, (ii) one session, (iii) two to four sessions, (iv) five to 10 sessions, (v) 11 to 20 sessions and (vi) above 20 sessions; and (b) the proportion of cases classified as drop-outs.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: In 2024, the Community Intervention Team (COMIT) and Community Resource, Engagement and Support Team (CREST) managed more than 15,000 cases and 18,000 cases, respectively. In that same year, 46% and 36% were discharged or had discontinued services with COMIT and CREST respectively. The distribution of sessions conducted for such cases is in Table 1 below. The Ministry of Health does not track the number of drop-outs or reasons for discontinuing services.
21 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) how many applications for egg freezing by women above 37 have been received since the age limit was reviewed and how many were approved; (b) what criteria the approving authority uses to assess these applications and whether these criteria are published; and (c) whether the Ministry will consider removing the age limit.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The Ministry of Health receives about 40 appeals per year from women above 37, which are then assessed on a case-by-case basis. About 70% of them were approved based on individual circumstances.
It is not advisable to remove the age limit completely. The quality of a woman's eggs declines over time and egg freezing allows women to freeze their eggs when younger, to improve the chances of pregnancy if used later. We should not remove that signal completely. That said, a successful pregnancy will still depend on many other factors, such as the age in which the implantation was conducted and the health of the couple.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"IVF Usage Rates through EEF Programme since June 2023 and Consideration to Remove Marriage Requirement for Use of Frozen Eggs","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"22 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) of the more than 800 women who have frozen their eggs under elective egg freezing (EEF), how many have used them for in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in Singapore; (b) whether the Ministry tracks Singaporean women undergoing IVF abroad, and if so, what trends have been observed since June 2023; and (c) whether the Ministry will consider removing the marriage requirement for use of frozen eggs in IVF.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The Ministry of Health does not track the statistics which the Member has asked for. The marriage requirement for in-vitro fertilisation is aligned with existing position of the Government based on the social norm in our society, which is that marriage is between a man and a woman, who may decide to bring up children as a family unit.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Inclusion of Gender-specific Considerations in Guidelines on Parental Consent for Minor Mental Health Services in View of Higher Rates of Anxiety and Depression Among Adolescent Girls","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"23 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) whether the expert group developing guidelines on parental consent for minors accessing mental health services has reviewed or collected evidence on gender differences in adolescents' help seeking behaviour; and (b) how these guidelines will take into account the higher reported rates of anxiety and depression among adolescent girls.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The guidelines are intended to guide care professionals in their provision of mental health services to young persons regardless of their gender and mental health symptoms. The guidelines aim to balance timely access to mental health support and ensuring parental involvement, while putting in place safeguards to keep young persons safe.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Data on Parental Consent Cited as Barrier to Accessing Mental Health Services for Vulnerable Minors","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"24 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what data the Ministry holds on minors who cited parental consent requirements as a barrier to accessing mental health services in 2024 and 2025; and (b) how this barrier compares across minors from lower-income households, in out-of-home care or from households where family violence has occurred.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The Ministry of Health (MOH) does not actively track the numbers requested by the Member. Nevertheless, parental consent is a barrier that may hinder minors' access to mental health services, especially when the parent may be one of the causes of the minor's mental distress. This is a concern that likely cuts across households of all income levels. MOH is currently developing guidelines to address this issue.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Retention Rates of Nursing Graduates from Local IHLs and Adjusting Nursing School Intake for 2030 Healthcare Workforce Targets","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"25 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what proportion of local institutes of higher learning (IHL) nursing graduates enter and remain in the nursing profession after five years, and how this is tracked; and (b) how will nursing school intake trajectories be adjusted to sufficiently meet the 82,000 healthcare workforce target by 2030.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: About eight in 10 nursing graduates from local institutes of higher learning (IHLs) enter the nursing profession each year. Of these, about seven in 10 remain in the profession after five years.
While the intakes of nursing students at local IHLs have increased from 2,100 in 2022 to nearly 2,300 in 2025, there is a limit to how much we can increase the intake. Young Singaporeans have diverse interests, and healthcare is already taking a good share of every cohort every year. To meet our long-term healthcare manpower needs, we will also need to find ways to further improve retention of existing nurses, recruit mid-career entrants through skills conversion and augment with foreign nurses.
Through these measures, we remain on track to meet our long-term manpower needs, with local nurses remaining the core and majority of the nursing workforce.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Supporting Commercial Viability and Development of Local Farms Through Export Market Access While Maintaining Domestic Food Supply Resilience","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"26 Mr David Hoe asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) has made efforts to help local farms access premium regional or export markets to increase demand offtake while maintaining domestic supply commitments; and (b) if not, whether SFA will consider embarking on or augmenting such efforts to improve local farm commercial viability and strengthen food resilience during supply disruptions.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: The Singapore Food Agency (SFA) has been working with the industry to enhance demand offtake for local produce, including by facilitating access to overseas markets. SFA has made available on its website a library of export market requirements, which supports farms looking to export their produce by providing relevant information on the import requirements of different countries and regions. Farms can also leverage the Singapore brand and our food safety recognition to position their produce for overseas markets.
In addition, SFA works closely with other Government agencies, industry associations, such as the Singapore Agro-Food Enterprises Federation and international partners to enhance market access for local produce. For example, in 2024, Singapore signed protocols with China to allow six species of locally farmed fish to be sold there, allowing local farms to access China's vast market. Businesses, including local farms, that are keen to internationalise can also tap on Enterprise Singapore's schemes, such as the Market Readiness Assistance Grant, to defray the cost of overseas market promotion, business development and set-up, as well as the Enterprise Development Grant to upgrade, innovate and transform their business.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Study on Potential Fire Hazards from Discarded Lithium-ion Batteries and Power Banks","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"27 Mr Victor Lye asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether the Ministry has studied the extent to which discarded lithium-ion batteries and power banks may cause fires within the municipal waste stream, including in (i) rubbish chutes, (ii) refuse collection vehicles and (iii) waste compaction systems; and (b) whether additional incident tracking or safeguards are being considered for high-density housing estates to address such risks.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: Improper disposal of rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries and power banks in the municipal waste stream can pose fire risks. The National Environment Agency (NEA) works closely with other organisations, such as the Singapore Civil Defence Force and the Town Councils, to develop preventive measures and monitor fire incidents. The public is reminded to recycle these items via the extended producer responsibility scheme for e-waste operated by ALBA E-Waste Smart Recycling Pte Ltd.
Since July 2025, NEA stepped up public education efforts on proper handling of lithium-ion batteries and power banks for recycling. This includes the distribution of posters with messages on proper handling of batteries to Town Councils. The public is advised to tape the ends of rechargeable batteries and seal any leaking batteries in leak-proof containers or bags before placing them into designated e-waste bins. For damaged rechargeable batteries and high-capacity batteries, such as those from electric mobility devices, that pose a higher risk of fire, the public should recycle them through ALBA's e-waste collection drives, directly at ALBA's depot or by contacting ALBA for doorstep collection.
We will continue to monitor the incidence of fires and assess whether further measures are necessary.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Infant Food Safety Testing for Imported Infant Milk Powder","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"28 Mr Ng Shi Xuan asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) what is the frequency and sample size of independent tests conducted by the Singapore Food Agency on imported infant milk powder; (b) how effective is such sampling; (c) whether cereulide is tested as part of such tests; and (d) whether there are plans to increase the frequency and parameters of such tests to protect vulnerable groups.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: The Singapore Food Agency (SFA) adopts a science-based risk management approach to inspection, sampling and testing. On average, eight infant formula products are tested monthly for contaminants with no related recalls between 2019 and 2025. Prior to the detection of cereulide in infant formula products that triggered global recalls in January 2026, these tests did not include cereulide as it is an uncommon contaminant in infant formula products. There are also currently no international standards by Codex Alimentarius, the international food standards setting body, on the acceptable level for cereulide in infant formula products.
Since early this year, SFA has conducted market surveillance of infant formula products sold at major retail outlets in Singapore, stepped up the testing of cereulide and recalled affected products. SFA will continue to monitor developments and adjust our sampling and testing strategy accordingly to ensure the safety of infant formula products available in Singapore.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Safeguards to Prevent Disposable Carrier Bag Charges from Becoming Profit-Generating Mechanisms","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"29 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment in relation to the disposable carrier bag charge (a) what is the policy rationale for not ring-fencing proceeds for environmental purposes; (b) whether the Ministry has assessed the risk of such charges becoming profit-generating mechanisms; and (c) if so, what safeguards are in place to prevent this.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: The objective of the disposable carrier bag charge is to nudge consumers to reduce the excessive use of disposable carrier bags. The\tdisposable carrier bag charge has helped supermarket operators achieve a 70% to 80% reduction in the number of bags issued at their supermarket outlets.
Merchants, including supermarket operators, incur costs in providing disposable carrier bags for their customers. Many merchants already charge for such bags on their own accord, either as part of their sustainability initiative or as a commercial decision. To avoid disadvantaging the supermarket operators, the National Environment Agency has decided not to mandate specific uses for proceeds collected through the implementation of the disposable carrier bag charge.
Supermarket operators who are obligated to implement the disposable carrier bag charge are required to publish information annually on the number of disposable carrier bags supplied, amount of proceeds collected and how the proceeds are used. This ensures transparency and public accountability.
Thus far, the large majority of proceeds collected has been channelled towards environmental or social causes, including initiatives to support lower-income families. The proceeds have also allowed some supermarket operators to embark on sustainability projects. The Government will continue to monitor the use of proceeds by the supermarket operators and encourage them to channel the proceeds to environmental or social causes.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Custodial Parent Rights to Restrict Non-custodial Parent Access to Child's Personal and Medical Records","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"30 Mr Victor Lye asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) whether a parent who has been granted sole custody and care and control of a child may request Government agencies to restrict a non-custodial parent from modifying the child’s personal or medical records; and (b) if not, why not.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: A parent may submit a request to relevant agencies to restrict the non-custodial parent from modifying their child's personal records, which will be assessed on a case-by-case basis based on the documentation provided and agency's prevailing policy.
Children benefit when parents can work together to co-parent and communicate effectively to resolve these matters. Should there remain a dispute on whether the parent holding sole custody and care and control may restrict the other parent from modifying the child's records, the parent may consider applying to the Court to resolve the dispute.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Review of Early Intervention Programmes for Infants and Children to Include Subsidies for Standalone Therapies","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"31 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Minister for Social and Family Development whether the Ministry will review the Early Intervention Programmes for Infants and Children (EIPIC-P) to include subsidies to help parents cover standalone therapies like behavioural and speech therapy for autistic children under 12, ensuring those suspected of having developmental delays can access affordable, consistent intervention while awaiting a formal diagnosis.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: Before children with developmental needs can be referred to a Government-funded early intervention programme, like the Early Intervention Programme for Infants and Children (EIPIC), or EIPIC-P, which is delivered by appointed private providers, they must first be formally assessed by a paediatrician to determine the level of early intervention support they need. This enables children to be referred to the most appropriate early intervention programme. Under these programmes, each child under six years old has an individualised education plan tailored to his developmental needs and goals. This plan is developed and regularly reviewed by early intervention professionals in consultation with Allied Health Professionals and families.
Families seeking standalone therapies beyond Government-funded programmes can tap on the Child Development Account to pay for additional early intervention services registered with the Early Childhood Development Agency.
Special education schools serving students with moderate-to-severe special educational needs are resourced with Allied Health Professionals, including occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and speech therapists, who provide students with in-school therapeutic support. These professionals work alongside teachers to integrate therapy into daily learning activities, constructing sessions based on students' needs and their individualised education plan. Beyond direct intervention, therapists guide staff on adaptive strategies and assistive technologies, so that therapy goals can align with educational objectives to work toward independence and enable overall development.
When students with sensory and physical impairments join mainstream schools, the Ministry of Education partners agencies, such as AWWA and the Singapore Association for the Deaf, to provide roving school-based educational support services.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Review of Mental Capacity Act 2008 and Professional Deputies and Donees Scheme to Enhance Availability and Accessibility of Professional Donee Options","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"32 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Minister for Social and Family Development whether the Ministry's review of the Mental Capacity Act 2008 and the Professional Deputies and Donees Scheme will include enhancing the availability and accessibility of professional donee options, including through expanding the pool of professionals or institutional donees.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: Yes.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Enhancing Suicide Reporting Guidance and Safeguards Amid Rise in Imitative Behaviours with Social Media Algorithmic Amplification","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"33 Mr David Hoe asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information (a) whether the Government has assessed if existing guidance and safeguards on suicide reporting remain sufficient, amid the rise of non-mainstream media and algorithmic amplification on social media, and in light of evidence noted by the World Health Organisation that media reporting influences imitative behaviour; and (b) whether stronger measures can be considered.
Mrs Josephine Teo: Suicide cases are distressing incidents that affect individuals and communities profoundly. Any media reporting should be done sensitively and responsibly to discourage imitative behaviour and avoid compounding the trauma of the parties involved. In their reporting, the media has also put in place a practice to include mental health helplines and resources for those facing distress.
Our mainstream media have been largely responsible and sensitive in reporting suicide cases. The Ministry of Digital Development and Information will continue to engage and work closely with the media to ensure responsible reporting of such cases.
The Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) Code of Practice for Online Safety – Social Media Services requires designated social media services to put in place systems and processes to minimise users’ exposure to harmful content, including suicide and self-harm content, on their platforms. In addition, under the Social Media Services Code, designated social media services must actively offer relevant safety information, such as local suicide prevention hotlines, to users who use high-risk search terms on their platforms, such as terms relating to suicide and self-harm. IMDA can also direct social media services to disable Singapore users' access to content advocating or instructing on suicide on their platforms.
We will continue to monitor and update our efforts, where relevant.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Monitoring of Student Food Consumption Under Healthy Meals in Schools Programme and Plans to Diversify Menu Options","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"34 Dr Charlene Chen asked the Minister for Education (a) how is the Ministry monitoring whether students are consuming the provided food under the Healthy Meals in Schools Programme (HMSP); and (b) whether there are plans to introduce more diverse menu options or feedback loops involving student taste-testing.
Mr Desmond Lee: This question has been addressed by the Ministry of Education's answer to oral Parliamentary Question Nos 72, 73 and 74 on 8 April 2026.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Comparison of University Graduate Employment Numbers Among Survey Methodologies and Assessment of Decline in Graduate Employment","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"35 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Minister for Education (a) what is the difference in the recent university graduate employment numbers when calculated using current and previous survey methodologies; and (b) given the continued dip in the percentage of those who secured employment, what is the Ministry's assessment of this trend.
Mr Desmond Lee: There is no change to the survey methodology for the Joint Autonomous Universities Graduate Employment Survey (JAUGES). Starting from JAUGES 2025, an additional \"secured employment\" category was reported to provide more information on graduate employment outcomes. Other than graduates who were employed, it also includes those who had secured job offers but had not started work and those who were taking active steps to start a business venture. All previously reported employment indicators, including the employment rate, continue to be provided.
For the second part of the Member's question, the Member may wish to refer to the Ministry of Education's combined reply to Oral Question Nos 105 and 106 given on 7 April 2026 on the autonomous university graduate employment outcomes. [Please refer to \"Factors Contributing to Weaker Full-time Permanent Employment Outcomes in Selected Courses for 2025 Graduates\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Monitoring Teaching Workload and Classroom Complexities in ITE to Ensure Effective Teaching and Sustainable Workloads","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"36 Dr Choo Pei Ling asked the Minister for Education (a) what data does the Ministry track on the teaching workload and classroom complexity in ITE, including (i) class size, (ii) presence of students with Special Educational Needs and (iii) availability of support staff; (b) how are these factors monitored to ensure effective teaching and sustainable workloads; and (c) whether there are trends indicating increasing complexity in classroom management.
Mr Desmond Lee: The Institute of Technical Education (ITE) monitors educators' workload through staff surveys and engagements and indicators, such as teaching hours. The Ministry of Education (MOE) and ITE also track the number of ITE students with special educational needs (SEN) to inform resource planning and support.
MOE and ITE will continue to support educators in managing their teaching workload and meeting the diverse student needs. ITE deploys mentors to provide beginning educators with guidance on effective classroom management and teaching strategies.
Specialised support staff in ITE including SEN support officers, socio-emotional counsellors and student welfare officers, provide both direct support to students with diverse needs and guidance to educators to identify and implement effective support plans for these students.
To help educators better support students with SEN, all ITE educators receive training on recognising SEN conditions and corresponding methods of teaching and learning, with additional training in areas like classroom management and student engagement including behavioural regulation.
ITE will continue to adopt digital solutions to reduce administrative load of educators. An example is the internship management portal, which automates workflows and streamlines internship management. ITE also takes care of staff well-being in other ways, such as through flexible work arrangements, and additional support, like fitness programmes and free health checks.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Industry Skills Council's Involvement in Development of Current Skills Framework and Practitioner Engagement to Ensure Alignment with Operational Skills","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"37 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Education (a) to what extent the Industry Skills Councils, which comprise representatives from employers, sectoral lead agencies, industry associations and unions, have been involved in developing the current Skills Framework; and (b) whether sufficient practitioner engagement is in place to ensure training curricula in all industries are aligned with the required operational skills and responsive to industry needs.
Mr Desmond Lee: SkillsFuture Singapore (SSG) takes a data-driven approach in developing the skills frameworks. For example, labour market surveillance data, such as job posting data, is used to analyse skills trends and provide intelligence on in-demand and emerging skills. SSG also consulted employers, industry associations, unions, training organisations and Government agencies in refining each skills framework. There are currently skills frameworks in 38 sectors, which are continually refreshed.
Our institutes of higher learning also work closely with relevant industry partners, to integrate industry exposure into their curricula, for example, through industry projects, work attachments and internships. This ensures that their curricula remain relevant and responsive to industry needs.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Informal Target Quotas of and Allocation of Placement for Singaporeans in PhD Programmes in Autonomous Universities","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"38 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for Education (a) whether there are informal or target quotas for Singaporeans in PhD programmes in the autonomous universities (AUs); (b) if so, what share of places is allocated to citizens; and (c) if not, whether the Ministry will encourage the AUs to consider such quotas for Singaporeans.
Mr Desmond Lee: Our autonomous universities (AUs) aim to attract the best academic minds, both Singaporean and from overseas, to conduct high-quality research and contribute meaningfully to their fields of study and Singapore's research landscape.
At the same time, the Government works with the AUs to develop a strong Singaporean base of academic talent. For example, the Singapore Teaching and Academic Research Talent (START) scheme provides a suite of undergraduate and postgraduate scholarships and awards to Singaporeans keen on pursuing an academic career at the AUs. Singaporean PhD students in the AUs receive the highest level of tuition fee subsidies and stipends to reflect the privileges of citizenship.
Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents constitute around one-third of the PhD student population at the AUs.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Twinning Programmes between Autonomous Universities and Chinese Universities for Admission into PhD Programmes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"39 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for Education whether the Ministry will be able to provide any information on (i) official or informal twinning programmes in the autonomous universities (AUs) that allow students from Chinese universities to enter PhD programmes in the AUs after completing their Master's degrees and (ii) reciprocal arrangements that exist for Singaporeans pursuing PhDs at Chinese universities.
Mr Desmond Lee: The autonomous universities (AUs) collaborate with a wide range of international partners in education and research. This allows our AUs and students to benefit from the experiences of reputable universities around the world, while also contributing to knowledge creation in areas of mutual benefit. For example, some AUs have established joint PhD programmes with Chinese universities. These programmes are open to students from both the AUs and Chinese universities, regardless of nationality.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Integration of Court Custody Orders with Healthcare, School and Residential Records Systems","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"
40 Mr Victor Lye asked the Minister for Law whether there are plans to develop a cross-agency system to ensure that custody orders issued by the Courts are automatically reflected across relevant Government platforms involving children, including healthcare, school and residential records.
Mr Edwin Tong Chun Fai: Orders relating to the custody, care and control of a child often contain sensitive and deeply private information, including information that may affect or prejudice the child if disclosed inappropriately or unnecessarily. Custody information therefore needs to be carefully handled and we should be careful about automatic dissemination across multiple platforms with different access rights.
Currently, parents have the discretion to inform the relevant Government agencies of the requisite custody, care and control orders. At the same time, relevant agencies are open to feedback on the situations where the advantages outweigh the risks of sharing such orders across different settings.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Employment Reference System Transparency Reform and Worker Rights Verification Processes for Migrant Domestic Workers","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"41 Dr Hamid Razak asked the Minister for Manpower whether the Ministry will consider reviewing the current process for employers and employment agencies to provide reference on their ex-work pass holders so that migrant workers can specify which employer to provide a reference for them and have transparency of the feedback to reduce the risk of being disadvantaged in their employment application.
42 Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan asked the Minister for Manpower regarding the Ministry's employer feedback system for migrant domestic workers (MDWs) (a) whether MDWs are notified when employer feedback is submitted about them or when such feedback is attached to their employment record; (b) whether MDWs have an independent right to contest such feedback; and (c) whether MDWs can access and view feedback attached to their own employment record.
43 Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan asked the Minister for Manpower regarding the Ministry's employer feedback system for migrant domestic workers (MDWs) (a) whether and how the Ministry verifies employer feedback submissions before attaching them to an MDW's employment record; (b) how many such submissions were received in each of the past five years; and (c) of these, how many were attached to an MDW's record.
Dr Tan See Leng: Prospective employers of migrant workers (MWs) and migrant domestic workers (MDWs) may have different concerns and priorities when seeking feedback on a worker's past performance. As such, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) does not require employers to submit feedback on their workers directly to MOM. Instead, to support more informed hiring decisions, MOM allows past employers to be a referee for their ex-worker, by providing their contact details for prospective employers to reach out to them. Any feedback that past employers wish to provide is shared between the employers directly.
From 2021 to 2025, the number of instances in which past employers of MDWs offered to act as referees for their ex-workers is as shown in the table. The figures account for less than 2% of MDWs whose work permits expire or are cancelled each year. As MOM has no access to feedback shared by past employers of MDWs, we do not verify the feedback or attach them to an MDW's employment record.
MWs and MDWs are not notified when their past employer offers to be a referee. This confidentiality allows for employers to share candid feedback, without becoming the subject of speculation as to whether they had shared any negative feedback.
MOM has no plans to change the existing referee process.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Breakdown of Data on Senior Management Roles by Citizenship and Employment Status in MNCs Across Sectors","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"44 Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan asked the Minister for Manpower (a) what is the percentage breakdown of (i) Singapore Citizens, (ii) Permanent Residents and (iii) Employment Pass holders holding senior management roles in Multinational Corporations (MNCs) by sector; and (b) if the Ministry does not track such data, whether it intends to do so.
Dr Tan See Leng: In 2025, Singapore Citizens, Permanent Residents and Employment Pass holders accounted for 67.3%, 17.4% and 15.3% of senior management roles1 in MNCs (multinational companies)2 respectively.
Senior management roles in MNCs are concentrated in the services sector, particularly in higher-skilled, higher-paying industries, such as financial and insurance services, information and communications, and professional services. Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents form the majority in these roles.
45 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Manpower (a) in each of the last 10 years, what is (i) the total amount disbursed from the Skills Development Fund to provide subsidies for in-house on-the-job training (OJT) and (ii) the total number of workers and companies that benefited; and (b) whether the Ministry has plans to increase OJT funding to address skills gaps and manpower shortages in local enterprises.
Dr Tan See Leng: Since 2019, the Government has spent close to $1 billion from the Skills Development Fund and other funding sources to support broad-based training programmes with on-the-job training (OJT) components, such as Career Conversion Programmes, SkillsFuture Work-Study Programmes, as well as training and consultancy services provided under the National Centre of Excellence for Workplace Learning. Data prior to 2019 is unavailable. These efforts have benefited more than 70,000 workers and 20,000 companies. The annual breakdown of funding and number of beneficiaries are provided in Table 1 below. The Government is prepared to continue expanding support for OJT to meet the training needs of enterprises and help workers develop industry-relevant skills.
46 Mr Sanjeev Kumar Tiwari asked the Minister for Manpower in view of emerging work arrangements, such as fractional work which are being studied through ongoing tripartite efforts (a) whether the Ministry intends to develop a working definition of such arrangements to support consistent understanding and policymaking; and (b) whether there are plans to collect data on workers engaged in fractional work arrangements in future Labour Force Surveys.
Dr Tan See Leng: Under the Tripartite Workgroup on Senior Employment (TWG-SE), the Ministry of Manpower and tripartite partners are studying various work arrangements, including fractional employment, to support senior employment, as both workers and business adapt to changing economic conditions and work preferences.
Fractional work arrangements are an emerging area and are still evolving in form and scope. Hence, there is no international statistical definition. At present, aspects of such arrangements are partially captured through existing indicators, such as data on part-time workers and multiple job holders in our labour force survey. This allows us to monitor related trends while the concept continues to develop.
As we study the topic further through the TWG-SE, we will explore how to better define and support fractional employment arrangements, including how to better collect data on such workers. Findings from the TWG-SE will be released later this year.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact Assessment on Existing Government Payout Recipients Facing Cost of Living Challenges and Support Plans","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"47 Mr Sanjeev Kumar Tiwari asked the Minister for Manpower amidst rising cost of living and inflationary pressures (a) what is the proportion of those who are already receiving payouts who are unable to sustain the current cost of living; and (b) what is the Ministry's plan to help this group.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Ministry of Manpower's initiatives focus on supporting individuals in improving their employability and employment incomes, by investing in their upskilling and training at all stages of their careers, from entry to the work force to retaining them in the workforce for as long as they are able and choose to continue working. We support lower-wage workers, who may face greater cost-of-living pressures, through the Workfare Income Supplement targeted at the bottom 20% of Singaporean workers. The Progressive Wage Model, covering about nine in 10 full-time lower-wage resident workers, also helps to uplift wages by upgrading skills and improving productivity.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Assessment Studies on Underreporting of Workplace Injuries and Effectiveness of Reporting Channels and Whistleblower Protections","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"48 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Minister for Manpower (a) whether the Ministry has conducted any studies to assess underreporting of workplace injuries, including against healthcare or insurance records; (b) what assessment has been made of the effectiveness of existing reporting channels and whistleblower protections; and (c) whether further enhancements are being considered.
Dr Tan See Leng: Under the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act and Work Injury Compensation (WIC) Act, employers are required to report workplace injuries to the Ministry of Manpower (MOM). Healthcare records cannot be used to assess the extent of underreporting as doctors are not required to separately maintain records of workplace injuries. Instead, cases of underreporting are detected through our regular checks and investigations into complaints from whistleblowers. The average number of underreporting breaches has been low at about 30 cases annually over the past five years.
As for comparison against insurance records, the iReport system that is used for reporting workplace injuries is the same reporting channel through which all WIC insurance claims are initiated. This streamlined process facilitates employers' timely and comprehensive reporting of workplace injuries.
Workers who suspect that a workplace injury has not been reported can submit a report to MOM directly through the iReport system without fear of reprisal. Under the WSH Act, workers are protected against dismissals or threats of dismissal for reporting to MOM.
Where MOM's investigations uncover workplace injuries that were not reported or reported late, appropriate enforcement actions would be taken against the parties involved, including fines or prosecution. To allow for a more complete oversight of workplace injuries, the reporting requirements were expanded in 2020 to cover all injuries that result in at least one day of sick leave or light duties. To provide a stronger deterrence, the maximum fines for failing to report an injury were also doubled in 2024 to $10,000 for first-time offenders and $20,000 for repeat offenders.
MOM will continue to monitor the reporting trends and tighten our enforcement efforts against underreporting, if required.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Enhancing Support Ecosystem for Migrant Domestic Workers","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"49 Ms Yeo Wan Ling asked the Minister for Manpower in light of findings that migrant domestic workers face significantly higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to migrant workers, whether the Ministry has plans to review the support ecosystem for migrant domestic workers to ensure that they can access timely mental health screening, counselling and community based support.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Institute of Mental Health (IMH) and National University of Singapore's (NUS') Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health conducted a study in 2024 to establish the baseline on the mental well-being of migrant domestic workers (MDWs) and migrant workers (MWs) to better inform our interventions and policies. Based on survey responses, the study reflected elevated rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among MDWs compared to MWs. However, it was important to note that these findings were based solely on participants' responses and do not constitute actual clinical diagnoses of depression or anxiety, which would require professional assessment.
The Ministry of Manpower (MOM) takes a multi-pronged approach to pre-emptively identify and address mental health and well-being concerns. These include the Settling-In Programme for all first-time MDWs that provides information on stress management and avenues to seek help. The Centre for Domestic Employees (CDE) conducts two interviews with all first-time MDWs in the first year of their employment. Additionally, employment agencies are required to carry out welfare checks within three months of the MDW's placement. The mandatory six-monthly medical examination is yet another safeguard to enable early detection of distress. Beyond these, MOM operates a dedicated MDW helpline to support MDWs in distress and an MDW WhatsApp channel that contains information on mental health and how to seek help.
The 2024 IMH-NUS study found that the vast majority of MDWs (91.4%) would seek help from their family, friends or from non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Given this, MOM will strengthen support to our NGO partners to enable early detection and timely intervention. This includes working with NGOs, such as the Alliance of Domestic Employees Outreach to train MDW \"care sisters\" to serve as volunteer peer support and CDE and Brahm Centre to amplify assistance channels.
MOM will continue to work with our NGO partners and mental health experts to strengthen the mental health ecosystem for our migrant workforce.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Consideration for Extension of HDB Flat Eligibility Letter Validity Period for Unsuccessful BTO Applicant Re-Applications","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"50 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Minister for National Development whether the Government is considering (i) extending the validity period of the HDB Flat Eligibility (HFE) letter or (ii) introducing an option to extend the validity period to minimise processing time for re-applications by unsuccessful BTO applicants.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: To help flat buyers with their planning and preparations, the Housing and Development Board (HDB) Flat Eligibility (HFE) letter was introduced in May 2023 to give buyers upfront clarity on their eligibility to buy a new or resale flat, as well as the housing grant and HDB housing loan amount they may qualify for. Buyers must have a valid HFE letter when they apply for an HDB flat.
In November 2023, HDB extended the validity period of the HFE letter from six to nine months. This strikes a balance between providing flat buyers with greater convenience and ensuring currency of eligibility assessments. For buyers whose HFE letter is expiring within 30 days, they may apply for a fresh HFE letter. Applications with a complete set of documents are mostly processed within seven working days. Until a fresh HFE letter is issued, buyers can still use their existing HFE letter to apply for a flat. We have no plans to extend the validity period further, as a longer validity period comes with a trade-off that the information submitted could become less current.
Buyers who are successful in their new flat application will be invited to book a flat according to their balloted queue number. Even if their HFE letter has expired by then, the HDB housing loan amount they are eligible for remains unchanged. This helps buyers to make informed choices when they apply for their flats. Buyers will then be invited to sign the Agreement for Lease, typically within nine months after flat booking.
Buyers with genuine need to review the HDB housing loan amount they are eligible for can seek HDB's assistance on a case-by-case basis.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Annual Number of Income-Related BTO Flats and ECs Housing Application Appeals to Ministry from 2020 to 2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"51 Mr Pritam Singh asked the Minister for National Development for each year from 2020 to 2025, how many appeals has the Ministry received, respectively, from (i) BTO flat applicants whose income exceeded the monthly income ceiling (ii) Executive Condominium applicants whose income exceeded the monthly income ceiling.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: From 2020 to 2025, the number of appeals to waive the income ceiling to buy flats from the Housing and Development Board (HDB) or Executive Condominium units from property developers were:
As we mentioned during previous media interviews and the 2026 Committee of Supply debate, the Ministry of National Development and HDB are reviewing the income ceilings.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Annual Median Application Rates by Singles for Purchase of 2-room Flexi Flat from HDB for Past Six Years","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"52 Mr Pritam Singh asked the Minister for National Development what is the median application rate for singles who seek to purchase a 2-room flexi flat from HDB for each year from 2020 to 2025, respectively.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The median application rates of first timer singles applying for 2-room Flexi flats in Build-To-Order (BTO) exercises conducted from 2020 to 2025 are indicated below.
53 Dr Choo Pei Ling asked the Minister for National Development whether the Ministry will revise lease conditions for both HDB and privately-owned shops to boost support for businesses that provide essential and affordable products and services including (i) non-profit care, (ii) therapy and (iii) medical centres, in view of our low fertility rate and ageing population.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Housing and Development Board (HDB) plans its towns comprehensively to ensure that residents have convenient access to essential and affordable goods and services. Rather than relying on lease conditions, HDB takes a systematic approach though planning and allocation of space, in partnership with relevant agencies.
For example, HDB works with the Ministry of Health to allocate rental shops for letting as clinics and has jointly piloted the price-quality method tenders for private general practitioner clinics to encourage affordable and quality healthcare services in heartland shops. In addition, HDB supports social enterprises and inclusive businesses by providing direct allocation and subsidised rental space under the social enterprise policy to foster community-focused services.
Beyond commercial spaces, HDB plans for socio-communal facilities within estates to support a range of community needs. These include facilities, such as childcare centres, senior care centres and other community spaces that support social interaction, care services and active ageing. HDB also collaborates with non-profit social service agencies on ground-up initiatives, identifying vacant premises or void deck spaces for conversion based on local community needs.
For businesses operating in privately-owned shops, the proposed usage and leasing conditions are determined through market-based negotiations between businesses and private premises owners. The Government does not intervene directly in these private commercial arrangements but plans for facilities that provide socio-communal services in partnership with social agencies. Through the Urban Redevelopment Authority's Community/Sports Facilities Scheme, private developers are incentivised to co-locate non-profit community and sports users with commercial developments.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Safety Assessment of Hidden Car Door Handles and Regulatory Measures for Door Handle Safety Standards","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"54 Mr Christopher de Souza asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what assessment the Ministry has made of safety concerns related to hidden car door handles, including data on related incidents; and (b) whether the Land Transport Authority is considering regulatory measures to enhance safety whilst minimising disruptions to road users.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: All vehicles registered in Singapore must comply with internationally recognised safety standards, including the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Regulations on door latches and hinges. The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is closely monitoring the ongoing regulatory review at the UNECE on door operability during emergencies, as well as regulatory reviews in markets, like China, Europe and the United States. LTA will work closely with the industry when introducing any safety requirement.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"LTA Staff Deployment Pilot Programme for Peak Hour Commuter Etiquette Interventions at Busy MRT Stations","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"55 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Acting Minister for Transport beyond passive signage, whether LTA will pilot more active behavioural nudges and station-level interventions at busy stations, like Hougang MRT station, including deploying on-site staff during peak hours to (i) urge considerate behaviour to other commuters when boarding or alighting and (ii) encourage better commuter etiquette, such as moving to the carriage centre and removing backpacks.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: Public Transport Operators deploy staff during peak hours at the platforms of busier stations to manage crowds and encourage gracious commuting behaviour, such as giving way to alighting passengers and allowing wheelchair users and other passengers who are less mobile to board first.
As announced at the Ministry of Transport's Committee of Supply, more prominent priority queues for boarding trains and lifts will be introduced to nudge commuters to give way to those in need. The Public Transport Council and the Land Transport Authority will also continue with their public education efforts, including leveraging the Thoughtful Bunch characters \"Move-In Martin\" and \"Bag-Down Benny\" to amplify our messages as part of our broader effort to promote gracious and caring commuter behaviour.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Enforcement Actions against Retention and Usage of Deregistered Vehicles and Cases with Links to Organised Syndicates for Past Three Years","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"56 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Acting Minister for Transport in the past three years (a) how many enforcement actions have been taken against the illegal retention or use of deregistered vehicles; (b) the number of vehicles seized and prosecutions commenced; and (c) what proportion of such cases involved organised syndicates or repeat offenders.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: There are about 2,500 violations annually over the last three years. For most of them, prosecutions have been commenced or concluded. Four hundred and fifteen deregistered vehicles have been seized during this period. Approximately 43% of the cases involve repeat offenders.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Public Feedback on SMRT MirrorMoves Community Space at Marina South Pier and Expansion Plans to Other MRT Stations with Lower Ridership","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"57 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what feedback has the Ministry received from the public regarding the use of SMRT's MirrorMoves space at Marina South Pier MRT station since its launch in January 2026; and (b) whether the Ministry plans to work with SMRT to expand similar community spaces to other MRT stations, particularly those with lower ridership.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Ministry of Transport and the Land Transport Authority have not received any feedback from the public on Singapore MRT MirrorMoves space at Marina South Pier MRT station. Where it is safe and does not disrupt commuter flow and public transport operations, public transport operators will continue to make spaces available for community activities under their ongoing community engagement and partnership programmes.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"LTA Data Metrics to Determine EV Charging Point Adequacy in Bidadari Estate's HDB Carparks","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"58 Mr Alex Yeo asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether LTA uses data metrics to determine the adequacy of electric vehicle (EV) charging points in HDB carparks; (b) based on the data, whether LTA assesses there to be adequate EV charging points in the Bidadari Estate; and (c) whether LTA will consider adding a fast-charging hub in Bidadari given the Estate's high demand for EV charging points.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Land Transport Authority and its subsidiary, EV-Electric Charging Pte Ltd, monitor charger utilisation rates and work with EV charging operators to scale up deployment in high demand areas, where electrical capacity permits.
In Bidadari estate, the slow chargers are utilised for about 40% of the time on average, compared to about 20% nationwide. More slow charging points will be deployed in Bidadari this year. Electrical infrastructure upgrades are ongoing to enable the installation of a fast-charging hub in the future. In the meantime, there are already fast chargers available at Woodleigh Mall and nearby petrol kiosks.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of Traffic Data Distinction between Local and Foreign Vehicles in LTA's Calibration Model for ERP Rates","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"59 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether the traffic volume data used to calibrate ERP rates distinguishes between locally and foreign-registered vehicles; and (b) whether LTA's calibration model accounts separately for the proportion of traffic that has no marginal price sensitivity at individual ERP charging points, such as foreign-registered vehicles on flat-rate fees.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The traffic volume data does not distinguish between local and foreign-registered vehicles.
Currently, when using Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)-priced roads during ERP operational hours, foreign-registered vehicles with the In-Vehicle Unit (IU) pay ERP charges while foreign cars without an IU pay a $5 daily flat fee. While we do not consider this split in the determination of ERP rates, in 2024, the proportion of foreign-registered vehicles with IUs versus those paying the flat fee is 4:3.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Targeted Support for Platform Drivers to Mitigate Rising Operating Costs","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"60 Ms Yeo Wan Ling asked the Acting Minister for Transport in light of petrol prices surpassing their previous high in 2022 (a) whether the Government will work with platform and taxi operators to mitigate the rising operating costs for drivers; and (b) whether targeted support will be provided to platform drivers, delivery riders and taxi drivers to offset these costs.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: This question was addressed by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry, the Acting Minister for Transport and Senior Minister of State for Finance and the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs, in their Ministerial Statements on the Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore at the Parliamentary Sitting on 7 April 2026. [Please refer to \"Impact of the Middle East Situation on Singapore\", Official Report, 7 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 27, Ministerial Statements section.]
61 Mr Alex Yeo asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether there are plans to draw on the Fuel Equalisation Fund to buffer public transport operators (PTOs) against the current rising energy costs; and (b) whether the Government will consider additional support measures to mitigate any public transport fare increases as a result of the same trend.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: With the introduction of an energy index into the fare adjustment formula, the rail operators no longer need the Fuel Equalisation Fund to help them mitigate the impact of energy cost fluctuations. The energy index tracks the year-on-year changes in diesel and electricity prices and will account for the rising energy cost that rail operators face when public transport fares are reviewed during the annual Fare Review Exercise. For bus operators, the service fees that they receive are indexed to energy prices.
In considering the fare adjustment, the Public Transport Council (PTC) will balance fare affordability concerns with financial sustainability of the public transport operators and exercise discretion to defer part of the maximum allowable fare adjustment to ensure that any fare adjustment is manageable. During the 2025 Fare Review Exercise, the Government provided over $200 million in subsidy to cover the cost of the PTC deferring part of the maximum allowable fare increase. The Government also provides more than $2 billion in subsidies annually to keep bus and train services running.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Assessment of Republic of Ireland's Basic Income for the Arts Scheme's Applicability towards Singapore's Arts Sector","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"62 Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth whether the Government is studying the Republic of Ireland's Basic Income for the Arts scheme to directly invest in arts sector workers, which has shown social and economic returns.
Mr David Neo: Ireland's Basic Income for the Arts scheme provides selected artists and arts workers a weekly allowance for three years. The scheme recognises art as a public good and aims to enable creative practitioners to focus on their artistic work by lightening their financial pressures with the weekly payment.
Singapore shares this objective of supporting our artists and recognising the intrinsic value of the arts. However, while Ireland's scheme is well-meaning and directly addresses artist remuneration over the three-year period, the challenges of limited fiscal resources remain. Only a limited number of artists benefit from the scheme and they might still face financial pressures and uncertainty once their funding cycle concludes. This approach, whilst providing temporary relief, may not fundamentally address the broader structural challenges facing the arts sector.
Singapore seeks to support arts groups and artists through a multi-dimensional ecosystem approach – through developing workers' capabilities, strengthening arts organisations and growing demand for the arts – so that our artists will have more and better jobs in a sustained manner.
To maximise employability, we introduced the Skills Framework for Arts, jointly developed by the National Arts Council (NAC) and SkillsFuture Singapore in 2023 to help practitioners understand the skills they need to acquire, build capabilities and forge career pathways. We also introduced work-based training programmes for participants to upskill while gaining industry experience and networks. These programmes include technical theatre training with Esplanade Academy, special needs teaching with Rainbow Centre Training and Consultancy and early childhood pedagogies with Singapore Drama Educators Association. Together, these initiatives combine knowledge-building with hands-on experience. During these work-based training programmes, trainees who are self-employed receive training allowances and course fee subsidies where applicable. For trainees who are required to work in the arts sector after their apprenticeships, we match them to suitable opportunities.
Strong arts companies create quality employment opportunities. The Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth and NAC support the growth of our arts companies in a broad-based and sustained manner through organisational funding schemes, such as the Major Company Scheme, and we attract private and philanthropic resources into the sector through the Cultural Matching Fund.
Lastly, but not least, developing audiences is essential to sustaining demand for the arts and ensuring opportunities for arts sector workers. In 2024, NAC launched the ArtsEverywhere@CDC series with the People's Association and Community Development Councils to bring quality arts experiences to major heartland nodes. In 2025, we announced renewed efforts to cultivate audiences from young, through NAC-Arts Education Programmes which will be extended to all Government-supported preschools by 2027. This year, NAC will enhance funding under the Artist-in-School Scheme (AISS) for traditional and multicultural arts programmes. These provide immediate additional work opportunities on a sustained basis for artists.
We also introduced the SG Culture Pass in 2025 to encourage Singaporeans to access local arts and cultural offerings, with the aim to engage them to continue paying for local arts productions. In 2026, NAC also launched the Audience Development Playbook, which provides actionable insights into audience segmentation, planning and engagement, providing arts practitioners with the knowledge and skills to expand their reach.
With one-third of Singapore's arts workforce comprising self-employed persons (SEPs), NAC will also introduce new programmes to help arts SEPs build entrepreneurial capabilities, strengthen their legal literacy and enhance access to legal support.
We will continue to review our efforts to develop the arts ecosystem and create good jobs and opportunities in the sector.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Short-term Subsidy Assistance for Rising Operational Costs due to Goodman Arts Centre's Rental Hikes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"63 Mr Ng Shi Xuan asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) whether the recent rent hikes at Goodman Arts Centre are due to a decrease in funding or subsidies from the National Arts Council; (b) if not, what are the reasons for the rent hikes; and (c) whether the Ministry will consider introducing short-term assistance for the arts community in light of rising costs.
Mr David Neo: This question has been addressed on 8 April 2026 in the reply to Question 19 from the Order Paper No 28.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Considerations for Permanent Member Appointments to Presidential Council for Minority Rights and Misconduct Removal Procedures","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"64 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) what are the considerations for Cabinet when making a recommendation to the President to appoint a person as a permanent member of the Presidential Council for Minority Rights (PCMR); (b) whether there are mechanisms to remove a PCMR member for misconduct or reasons other than those enumerated in Article 72 of the Constitution; and (c) if not, why not.
Mr David Neo: The Presidential Council for Minority Rights (PCMR) consists of a Chairman and not more than 20 members, of which up to 10 members may be permanent members appointed for life. Permanent members are individuals of distinction, chosen from those who hold or have held high offices, including Cabinet Ministers. Non-permanent members are mature citizens who have either rendered distinguished public service or attained eminence in their fields. They may be appointed for a period of three years and are eligible for reappointment.
Under Article 73 of the Constitution, a PCMR member, whether permanent or non-permanent, shall vacate his seat in the PCMR if he ceases to be a Singapore Citizen, or resigns, or becomes subject to any of the disqualifications in Article 72. For example, a person who is of unsound mind or an undischarged bankrupt is disqualified from membership of the PCMR. Cases of misconduct that result in a person being convicted of an offence and sentenced to at least one year's imprisonment or a fine of at least $10,000, would also result in that person's disqualification for membership of the PCMR.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Clarification by Minister of State for National Development","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WS","content":"[(proc text) The following statement was made by the Minister of State for National Development (Mr Alvin Tan) during the Second Reading of the Veterinary Practice Bill on 8 April 2026: (proc text)]
The Minister of State for National Development (Mr Alvin Tan): As we have observed a growth in the range of animal-related services offered by non-vets that may pose a risk to animal health and welfare, Part 4 of the Bill will introduce various offences and penalties to safeguard against unlawful practice and misrepresentation by or about unauthorised persons. The Bill will raise the maximum financial penalty to $50,000 – a $4,000 increase compared to the current level of $10,000 provided under the ABA. This strengthens deterrence against profit-driven motives and was benchmarked with penalties applicable in human healthcare professions. [Please refer to \"Veterinary Practice Bill\", Official Report, 8 April 2026, Vol 96, Issue 28, Second Reading Bills section.]
[(proc text) Written statement by Mr Alvin Tan circulated with the leave of the Speaker, in accordance with Standing Order No. 29(5): (proc text)]
I wish to make the following factual correction to my speech given during the Sitting of 8 April 2026. My statement should read as follows:
The Minister of State for National Development (Mr Alvin Tan): As we have observed a growth in the range of animal-related services offered by non-vets that may pose a risk to animal health and welfare, Part 4 of the Bill will introduce various offences and penalties to safeguard against unlawful practice and misrepresentation by or about unauthorised persons. The Bill will raise the maximum financial penalty to $50,000 – a $40,000 increase compared to the current level of $10,000 provided under the ABA. This strengthens deterrence against profit-driven motives and was benchmarked with penalties applicable in human healthcare professions.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null}],"writtenAnswersVOList":[],"writtenAnsNAVOList":[],"annexureList":[],"vernacularList":[{"vernacularID":7051,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Ms Lee Hui Ying","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20260408/vernacular-Lee Hui Ying Vet 8April2026 -Chinese.pdf","fileName":"Lee Hui Ying Vet 8April2026 -Chinese.pdf"},{"vernacularID":7052,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Mr Lee Hong Chuang","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20260408/vernacular-Lee Hong Chuang Vet 8April2026-Chinese.pdf","fileName":"Lee Hong Chuang Vet 8April2026-Chinese.pdf"}],"onlinePDFFileName":""}