1 Dr Wan Rizal asked the Minister for Education with regard to the recent Sengkang Green Primary bullying case, what further steps have the Ministry taken to strengthen anti-bullying measures and ensure timely support for both victims and perpetrators, including mental health resources.
2 Mr David Hoe asked the Minister for Education whether the Ministry will consider (a) reviewing existing anti-bullying disciplinary and rehabilitation frameworks to render them more robust; (b) augmenting suspension-based punitive measures with in-school structured reflection, supervised work and restorative conferences, instead of home suspensions; (c) setting minimum competencies and staff-training hours to strengthen educators' capabilities to handle bullying; and (d) pilot cluster-level bullying support teams by counsellors/para-counsellors.
3 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Minister for Education (a) what is the framework for determining the extent of disciplinary measures to be taken against perpetrators of bullying incidents that have been reported in primary schools and secondary schools; (b) what are the follow-up measures that are taken to address the needs of victims and perpetrators; and (c) what is the Ministry’s assessment of the effectiveness of the measures.
4 Ms Hany Soh asked the Minister for Education (a) whether there is a Ministry or cluster level framework in place on how schools should deal with bullying cases; and (b) whether the Ministry encourages schools to share and develop best practices of dealing with bullying cases among themselves.
5 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Minister for Education (a) how quickly are teachers expected to investigate and take action after a report of bullying has been made; and (b) whether the Ministry’s protocols on bullying are followed throughout the process in the recent bullying incident at Sengkang Green Primary School.
6 Mr Liang Eng Hwa asked the Minister for Education (a) whether schools are adequately resourced to prevent the occurrences of bullying incidents in schools; (b) whether there are proactive monitoring and surveillance to pick up early signs of bullying situations; and (c) what further preventive measures can be taken.
7 Ms Jessica Tan Soon Neo asked the Minister for Education (a) how will the Ministry equip schools and teachers to detect and respond to multifaceted forms of bullying; and (b) how will the Ministry ensure consistency and accountability of all parties across institutions.
8 Ms Joan Pereira asked the Minister for Education (a) whether the Ministry will consider adopting more aspects of evidence-based anti-bullying programmes such as intervention teams; (b) what new measures are being considered to further empower victims and bystanders to report bullying incidents safely; and (c) whether there are plans to enhance support systems, such peer support groups, for students affected by bullying.
9 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Minister for Education how many reported school bullying cases in the past three years involved suspected or confirmed child maltreatment of either the perpetrator or victim of bullying, in light of the impact that a family environment has on a child’s behaviour.
10 Mr Xie Yao Quan asked the Minister for Education (a) whether the Ministry will consider setting up a centralised anti-bullying unit to support schools to investigate the most egregious cases of bullying and follow up with disciplinary and rehabilitative actions, so as to avoid overburdening teachers; and (b) if not, why not.
11 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Minister for Education (a) what are the established timelines for schools to investigate bullying incidents and to provide updates to the parents of involved students; and (b) what specific measures are implemented to separate the involved students during an investigation to ensure the victim's safety on school premises and prevent fear-based absenteeism or the need for a school transfer.
12 Dr Charlene Chen asked the Minister for Education (a) what resources are available to schools to detect and counter less visible forms of bullying such as manipulation, exclusion and cyberbullying; (b) how does the Ministry support teachers in managing bullying cases; and (c) what measures beyond training are implemented to ensure teachers have the time and resources to address bullying without adding to their risk of burnout.
\tThe Minister for Education (Mr Desmond Lee): Mr Speaker, Sir, my response will address the questions raised by Members on the management of bullying incidents in schools. May I seek your permission to answer oral Question Nos 1 to 12, and written Question Nos 29 on today's Order Paper?
\tMr Speaker: Please proceed.
Mr Desmond Lee: Thank you, Sir. My response will also cover related oral and written questions filed both for earlier as well as subsequent Sittings from Mr Yip Hon Weng, Mr Liang Eng Hwa, Dr Charlene Chen, Mr Kenneth Tiong, Mr David Hoe, Mr Xie Yao Quan, Ms Joan Pereira, Ms Hany Soh, Dr Wan Rizal, Ms Jessica Tan, Ms Mariam Jaafar, Ms He Ting Ru, Mr Gerald Giam, Ms Yeo Wan Ling1, Mr Foo Cexiang, Ms Eileen Chong and Ms Elysa Chen.
I invite Members to seek clarifications, if needed and thereafter, withdraw their questions for subsequent Sittings.
Sir, recent media and online reports of students engaging in hurtful or bullying behaviours towards others have renewed the spotlight on this issue.
We place a strong emphasis on providing a safe environment in our schools so that our students can learn, grow and thrive. We know that such incidents affect many people. Children who experience hurtful behaviour may worry about their safety and may find it hard to learn and build friendships. Parents love their children and naturally feel anxious and concerned about the children's well-being, whether they have been affected by bullying or have been themselves involved in hurting others.
For our school leaders, teachers and school staff, these incidents require them to manage disruptive behaviours in order to restore discipline. They have to protect those affected, rebuild a safe learning environment and address and correct those involved in wrong behaviours. They seek to help our students learn from their mistakes while engaging with parents who might hold different perspectives on how schools ought to respond. Our approach seeks to provide practical support to help children learn better behaviour, give parents confidence in school responses and enable teachers to maintain caring and enabling learning environments for all students.
Let me first outline our approach to managing hurtful behaviours and bullying, before responding to the various questions.
First, the Ministry of Education (MOE) takes a firm stance against all forms of hurtful behaviours, from once-off, insensitive comments to persistent intentional acts of bullying and physical violence. Schools have rules against such behaviours and teach students why these behaviours are wrong.
Second, we recognise that children learn behaviours from multiple sources – home, school, peers, online. Therefore, upstream preventive work involves these parties, and we all need to play a part.
Third, discipline in the context of the school environment is an educative process. Disciplinary measures must help students learn the consequences of their actions. As children have the potential to learn from their mistakes and grow through experience, our disciplinary approach must continue to focus on teaching, guiding and rehabilitating our children, and helping to restore relationships.
Finally, parents and families are key partners. We need to work with them, build a relationship with them so that they can work with us to instill kindness and respect for others through positive adult role modelling, and closer monitoring of children's online activities, especially outside school.
Our schools also work with the community and partners in addressing hurtful behaviours.
Some Members asked about the outcomes of previous reviews. In 2020, MOE conducted a review on the Character and Citizenship Education (CCE) curriculum. In the context of that larger review, MOE also looked at the issue of bullying. This led to a number of CCE-related enhancements, which were implemented in 2021. Of these, three were relevant to strengthening schools' capacity to address hurtful behaviours and bullying.
First, the CCE curriculum was refreshed to place stronger emphasis on guiding students to be kind and caring, both online as well as offline.
Second, schools established a peer support system in every school, where students are taught how to support one another, be an upstander and look out for those who do not have strong support from their friends in school. So, sometimes, when you go around, you see some of the children with a badge that says \"Peer Support Leader\", or some other variant of the name.
Third, our schools have designated staff whose work covers areas such as fostering positive school culture, addressing hurtful behaviours and working with parents and the community to guide and educate our students.
I will next elaborate on how these enhancements and other existing measures address bullying and hurtful behaviours in our schools.
Let me start with educative efforts, which some Members have asked about.
From young, our students learn pro-social behaviours through lessons and adult role-modelling in schools. The CCE curriculum and the school environment emphasise values and respect, and students learn to be kind to their classmates, resolve disagreements respectfully and learn appropriate ways to stand up against bullying. Through cyber wellness lessons, they also learn to extend such pro-social behaviours online. In addition, students learn about healthy mindsets, habits and skills to strengthen their mental health and resilience in the face of challenges. Students learn how to respond when they encounter unsafe situations. They are taught to stay calm, avoid retaliation, move away from the situation and seek help from a trusted adult, such as their parents, teachers or school leaders.
Some Members asked about school processes such as anti-bullying frameworks, reporting channels, investigation, parent engagement timelines and disciplinary measures. Our schools have policies and frameworks that send a clear message to students that hurtful behaviours and bullying are not acceptable. These include school rules and consequences for bullying. There are also various reporting channels for students to report bullying. For example, students can report incidents directly or through their friends, peer support leaders, teachers and school leaders, or through online platforms such as emails or online forms. Discipline talks for students are also conducted regularly by schools to communicate their approach to managing misconduct, including bullying.
When an incident is reported, our schools conduct investigations before deciding on the appropriate course of action which includes disciplinary as well as restorative actions. They adopt a tiered approach for disciplinary measures based on the severity of the case. Such measures range from reflection for careless remarks to detention or suspension for more serious cases, and caning for boys in egregious cases. These measures help students learn from their mistakes, reframe their thinking and change their behaviours. For severe bullying that warrants Police attention, a Police report will be made and perpetrators may face legal consequences.
When bullying occurs, our priority is the safety of the affected students. Schools implement safety plans for the victims. This could include separating them from perpetrators, facilitating the removal of hurtful online content and identifying peer support leaders to befriend and look out for them in school. In addition, teachers and school counsellors work with both victims and perpetrators. helping them manage their emotions and work towards mending ties and restoring friendships.
Students who continue to experience distress are referred to community resources, such as the Response, Early Intervention and Assessment in Community Mental Health (REACH) teams for more specialised support. I will just pause here to mention that I am using the words \"perpetrator\" and \"victim\" in order to shorten the phrases, but I know people might be concerned about the labels that we use – and certainly we are mindful of that – and we continue to see how best we can find the right terms to use both in public discourse as well as in our institutions. So, please bear with us in the meantime.
I would also say, Sir, that parent engagement and partnership are vital. When bullying incidents happen, schools engage parents to inform them about the facts of the incident, work with them on the safety plan and focus on the well-being of the students. The time it takes to investigate each case will vary, depending on complexity. Similarly, restoring and mending relationships and improving behaviour, take time and parents are encouraged to work with schools and give this process some time to take effect. Schools share resources with parents and parent support groups on how to form caring relationships and monitor their children's online behaviour, online activities and tips to support the children in cases of bullying and cyberbullying. I have a printed copy of the \"Parenting for Wellness Toolbox\" for parents, which is put together by MOE, the Health Promotion Board (HPB) and the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF). There are some chapters here on, for example, cyberbullying: when a child is the victim, what can parents do? How can they work with the schools? How to notice signs and symptoms that the child might have been cyberbullied both in and outside of school, how to engage in conversation with the children and then, of course, when your child is himself or herself involved in causing hurtful behaviour against others.
Mr Speaker, some Members have asked about teachers training and support for our schools. As part of teacher preparation courses, all teachers are trained to foster positive class culture, address hurtful behaviours and recognise signs of distress. They are supported by key personnel and school counsellors. Our schools use MOE guidelines and resources on what constitutes bullying and cyberbullying, and how to manage these cases. Some schools also work with social service agencies (SSAs) to conduct bullying and cyberbullying awareness programmes for students and training workshops for school staff.
School personnel also regularly review their school-based strategies to manage bullying and share good practices with other schools.
Indeed, improving our framework to tackle bullying is a continual work-in-progress. Members have raised useful suggestions that we will consider as we seek to strengthen our current measures. As I shared on 27 August this year at a dialogue with educators, parents and community partners, MOE had been conducting a comprehensive review of bullying since early 2025. Based on the work done so far, we are now conducting external public consultation on four key areas.
First, strengthening our school culture, environment and processes.
Second, give greater emphasis to values education for our students.
Third, providing more resources and support for our schools and educators and deepening their capacity.
Fourth, enhancing school-home partnerships, the relationship between our teachers and educators, and parents and families.
We are encouraged to have received many constructive suggestions from parents, students, educators, community partners and researchers. These include providing schools with more resources to investigate and deal with cases, involving parents support groups to support parents whose children are involved in bullying, keeping parents informed about the content of CCE lessons so that they can reinforce values education at home and involving peers to educate others on being an upstander – among many other suggestions. We will consider all these suggestions as well as ideas raised by Members seriously, before finalising the recommendations which we aim to release in the first half of 2026.
Our shared goal as an education system and as a society must be an empowering one. We have a collective responsibility to help our children, our next generation, learn how to relate to others, be kind and show respect to others. In this, children model behaviours and pick up values from the home environment, their school environment and the community. Some learn quickly. Some repeat mistakes. Others make new ones. We have some 400,000 over children in our primary and secondary schools, and their daily interactions in class, outside class, outside school.
And children make mistakes. They make mistakes in their academic studies. They may make mistakes when they were performing the co-curricular activities (CCAs). They may make mistakes in their project work. And they may make mistakes in their interpersonal relationships with others, both with their teachers as well as other schoolmates. Some of these could be inadvertent or careless behaviour, lack of awareness or sensitivity. Some of it could be deliberate. And some of it could be a function of their conditions – some may have special needs or other issues that they are grappling with.
They learn best through calm correction from adults, reflecting on how they should have behaved, make amends for their behaviour, experience disciplinary consequences and being welcomed back to their social circles with continued guidance and support.
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I thank Members of Parliament (MPs) and the public for the care and concern shown for the well-being of our students and educators. Ultimately, we want to keep improving and enhancing our system, addressing the concerns of parents, the workload on our educators and their sense of mission; and of course, addressing the issues that the public raised. We all want the same outcome: for schools to be safe, caring and enabling environments for all students and our staff. MOE will continue to work with schools, parents, community professionals and members of the public as we collectively role model the right behaviours and create the gracious and respectful society for our children to flourish.
\tMr Speaker: Dr Wan Rizal.
\tDr Wan Rizal (Jalan Besar): Mr Speaker, I thank the Minister for sharing our approach towards bullying. As a parent, when I first heard the news about bullying and how persistent it has been over the past few months, it was extremely worrying. As an educator and someone who believes strongly in mental health, I thought we were on the right track, scaffolding our efforts to make sure that we give the right support to the children.
But being a parent too, and many parents have actually approached me about the concern of whether we are being a bit too soft in our approach, and whether a harder stance would be necessary. As an educator, I also feel that, sometimes as educators, we do not have that empowerment to take extra steps further. Of course, we worry about the effects of us being too hard on our students sometimes, but I think it is a balance.
Having said that, I have two supplementary questions for the Minister. Firstly, parents are often the first to notice the changes in the child when someone goes through a certain phase. And I think we need to have more support. The toolkit provided is actually wonderful. In fact, I have questioned before, how accessible it is for our parents. So, my question is, how do we make use of this toolkit further to prevent and empower parents to help them in their journey in helping their children when they are bullied or, in this case, both sides, whether it is the perpetrator or the victim, I think we need to give the right support for them.
As an educator, I have mentioned before about our worries about being sidelined for taking a harder stance on some students, for example. Is there some assurance from the Ministry, so that our educators can take a harder stance sometimes and balance it, as we approach our students moving forward?
\tMr Desmond Lee: I can see where the Member is coming from, both as an educator as well as a parent. Let me address these questions. First on empowering parents, sharing with them best practices, sharing with them the toolkits – I have explained earlier in my response how our schools already do that and how some of these materials are available both online and sometimes in hard copy. But I think we should spend this quality time looking at how we can further enhance and improve our system to address the concerns of children, parents and of the public, while also making sure that we assure our educators and our school staff who are on the frontlines, teaching, not just teaching academic knowledge, but also shaping, teaching and moulding lives, values and perspectives.
There were some ideas that were given through the review, including the dialogue that I hosted. A parent shared that in the school that her daughter was in, the school would, at the start of every academic year, have some material circulated to every parent, and this is over and on top of what is already being done across most schools and by MOE. This is what we call the community learning network, where we have our educators from different tracks share their best practices with one another, so that we continue this spirit of positive learning on how to manage various issues on the ground as well as in the community. So, that is first, and we certainly would value ideas from the Member as well as other Members on how better we can support parents, work with our schools and with our teachers to manage these issues, whether the child is a recipient of hurtful behaviour, or is the person who affects others through his or her behaviour.
In terms of educators, we have, as I said, a suite of tools that schools can use as a tiered approach, from reflection and learning for mild cases or careless cases or hurtful comments, to more severe punitive measures, such as suspension, detention. And some discipline masters have also shared with me that they make some adjustments along the way. For example, they may find that it is more effective to make the child perform some community work in the school as opposed to just suspending the child and the child does not learn and the child might not see that really as punishment, in certain circumstances.
But all in, when I describe the multi-tiered approach in terms of the severity, if I may use that word loosely, of disciplinary measures, I think we must keep emphasising the fact that these are intended to help the child understand that there are consequences for certain behaviours. Those disciplinary measures must be appropriate to the context and to the children involved, as well as conduce to learn from their mistakes, reflection, restoration of relationships, including mutual apologies or apologies of the appropriate kind and then the children move forward.
So, when these are done appropriately, and we leave some judgement to the educators and school leaders, these will help eventually for our children to learn and to grow.
Mr Speaker: Mr David Hoe.
\tMr David Hoe (Jurong East-Bukit Batok): Thank you, Speaker. And I thank the Minister for his response. Allow me to say that my three questions come from conversations with various Singaporeans.
First and foremost, it is about disciplinary measures. Could MOE consider moving from home suspension to in-house suspension in school? Reason being because suspension during my time was painful because you do not get to interact with your friends and even if you go to the arcade, you have to be home by 6.30 pm. But parents do highlight to me that with the access of mobile phones today, a home suspension just means that at home, they can play Mobile Legend. This then makes us question the effectiveness of home suspension. So, could MOE consider moving from home suspension to in-house suspension?
The second question comes from the fact about the well-being and the safety of the person that is reporting. Could MOE consider a standard anti-retaliation clause, explicit consequences for post-report harassment and communicate this to students and parents, because what they do know is that for students who report, they are worried that the parents of the person that they reported on will come after them.
And the third point is about accessible channels. I recognise that there are a few accessible channels mentioned earlier, but we wonder whether could MOE consider specifying a minimum bundle of reporting options, such as those mentioned earlier, peer support, online reporting and so on, so that this allows schools to have a common baseline and every child in all schools will know that these are the various tools that they can access, while still allowing schools to retain their autonomy.
\tMr Desmond Lee: Sir, on the first question, as I mentioned earlier, there are a range of disciplinary measures that are availed to our schools. They apply it based on the circumstances and based on the children concerned. This idea of suspension, the feedback that the Member has given to us is also feedback we have received for some children. Suspension from school, sometimes, is also a safety measure to separate the children and ask the child concerned to not come to class, it can be viewed differently. For some children, they feel that this is a consequence that they learn from. For some others, it might not quite have the intended effect because they see it through a different lens and they would not mind being away from school and being at home, and worse, if there is little or no supervision at home, if parents are busy at work. Therefore, our schools also do what you call in-school suspension, where you are away from the class, but you do your learning or do some other community work or service in the school as a disciplinary measure for the actions.
The Member raised two other suggestions. I view them as suggestions and ideas. One, an anti-retaliation clause, another on accessible bundle of channels. I will take it in the spirit, as I mentioned earlier, that the Member's views, as well as those of other Members, will be studied and considered.
Mr Speaker: There are many Members who wish to ask questions. I will only call on those who have filed Parliamentary Questions (PQs) on this subject. I also request that everyone keep your supplementary questions short so that we can cover as many PQs in the course of today. Mr Louis Chua.
\tMr Chua Kheng Wee Louis (Sengkang): Thank you, Speaker. Two supplementary questions for the Minister. First, to what extent is there the close monitoring of the victims as well as the perpetrators after the bullying – on the part of victims, when it comes to adherence to the safety plan; and for the perpetrators, the adherence to any long-term interventions and rehabilitation?
Second is, in terms of the existing review that is ongoing, where does the Minister or the Ministry see as the current gaps that need to be further strengthened and when can we expect these to be announced?
\tMr Desmond Lee: I take Speaker's guidance on short replies. First, close monitoring of the children involved. Well, the schools will do that after consequences are meted out or counselling and other measures are brought into place and depending on the situation, of course, and depending on the impact of the children, the educators, the school counsellors necessary, or sometimes even external agencies like REACH, may be called in and each will have to be customised based on the situation.
In terms of the gaps or the possible areas that we are looking at, I have articulated them in my response: strengthening school culture, environment and processes, greater emphasis to values education, more support for schools and educators, deepening their capacity and enhancing school home partnerships. I mentioned that we hope, by the first half of next year, to be able to roll out a suite of recommendations.
Mr Speaker: Ms Hany Soh. Mr Louis Chua and Minister Desmond Lee have set the gold standard in terms of their clarifications and replies. Please maintain it.
\tMs Hany Soh (Marsiling-Yew Tee): I will try my best, Mr Speaker. Thank you, Minister, in acknowledging the fact that parent engagement is vital in such situations of bullying. In this regard, I wish to ask how promptly do the schools or the teachers get in touch with the parents? Is it once the bullying incident had occurred, to update the parents at the earliest opportunity, and whether there will be continuous efforts to handhold and work with the parents in addressing the issues?
I think, many a times, while we acknowledge and understand that resources are lean, and teachers and schools are working very hard in addressing different issues at the same time, it does comes in useful to assure the parents on the progress and hard work that have been undertaken by the teachers and the schools in their best efforts to address the issue.
\tMr Desmond Lee: Sir, when an incident happens, as I said earlier, the first priority is safety. And if a safety plan needs to be put in place, it will be done. That is the first priority. Then, some fact-finding – what happened, who were involved and so on. And in deciding whether and when to contact parents, sometimes, there are one-off incidents in class, where children have an altercation or some hurtful words were said, and the teacher's teaching and the teacher wants to restore discipline, turn it into a learning opportunity and then carry on with the rest of the class. And sometimes, the teachers might then say, it has been addressed between two or three children, one-off, they might then decide they do not really need to get the parents involved.
But sometimes the issue is more serious or if it is a repeat issue, the teachers, of course, apart from tackling safety and then doing some quick fact-finding, will then notify the parents. It is a judgement that the key personnel for student well-being, as well as the teachers and the school leaders have to exercise. Of course, when they notify the parents, they would notify all sides who were involved, in order to tell them what has happened so that they also hear from the school and then, of course, on the follow-up action the school will take. And of course, working with the parents to make sure that the learning points are carried across both in the classroom as well as at home.
Mr Speaker: Ms Elysa Chen.
\tMs Elysa Chen (Bishan-Toa Payoh): Thank you, Minister, for appreciating that children pick up behaviours from home and other contexts. I also like to ask the Minister if he can share what support measures are in place for students who have been identified as victims or perpetrators of bullying who also experience child maltreatment at home? And also, how does the Ministry ensure that teachers and school staff are trained to recognise signs of child maltreatment linked to bullying cases?
My last question: because we understand that each case is varying in complexity, can the Ministry provide an average timeframe for resolution to report to closure in bullying cases that have been reported across schools?
\tMr Desmond Lee: Sir, for children who are either recipients of hurtful behaviour or the actors of hurtful behaviour or bullying, and if it is identified that they themselves were involved in, say, family violence or some family maltreatment that warranted the attention of the social services, then the schools will work with the social services, like the Family Service Centres (FSCs), or other specialised agencies to follow up.
On the second question, the Member is asking for average time, I think, that is very hard to give a clear answer to, because it really depends on the facts of the case, depends on the circumstances and depends on the severity.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Liang Eng Hwa.
\tMr Liang Eng Hwa (Bukit Panjang): Sir, two questions. Firstly, I would like to ask the Minister, in the recent notable cases in the schools, whether the schools or MOE do a postmortem or look-back review to see whether if there were interventions earlier, or could these have been prevented? So, this is the first question.
The second question is, whether does MOE also carry out some of these psychological studies or research, to better look out for the kind of profile of students who are likely to bully others and those that are likely to be bullied, so that it can be instructive for the educators on how to look out for indications and signs that bullying could happen?
\tMr Desmond Lee: Whether schools do postmortem, well, it depends on what has happened. But I am confident that the schools do look-backs just as they share best practices with one another, both within the school as well as across various schools and clusters. Second, I think, the Member is asking whether we look at the background of students or have some circumstances based on social work practices where we look out for possible signs and symptoms.
In our schools, when things arise, they will look into not just the behaviour, but we principally want to look at what is the underlying cause. So, it is not just consequences and then help them to learn. We need to try to ascertain what are the underlying causes that lead to this. If it is a repeat issue, does the child have special needs that may cause them to react in a certain way, for which, certain course of action is needed to support the child? Is it due to poor role modelling, maybe outside school? Is it social media? Do they come from families, as Member Elysa Chen mentioned, where there might be family violence at home and the children then manifest their behaviour in school in a particular way? I think that is the deeper work that not just our educators but also that of the school counsellors. Sometimes, if it manifests itself in long-term absenteeism, our school welfare officers will also get involved. So, these are the two questions.
\tMr Speaker: Ms Jessica Tan.
\tMs Jessica Tan Soon Neo (East Coast): Thank you, Speaker. I have two supplementary questions. One, while I understand, this is a very complex environment in terms of bullying, there is a whole spectrum of it and we do want to give the schools autonomy in terms of managing that because two cases are never the same. But how would MOE ensure that there is some consistency and accountability of all parties, whether it is victim, bully, family or even the educators across institutions, whether there is some consistency, because the Minister talked about best practices. So, in terms of the actual best practice implementation, is there some consistency and accountability across all institutions?
And second, while it is extremely difficult, what training or help is given to both students and teachers in terms of early identification of bullying cases? It is extremely difficult in some cases, but is there training or support given so that there could be early identification and therefore, early intervention?
\tMr Desmond Lee: First, as I mentioned earlier, there is an MOE framework, the School Bullying Management Guidelines that is issued to schools where they set out some guidelines for schools in order to help them implement their measures effectively in school. There is a community learning network – sometimes, it involves the discipline masters; sometimes, school leaders for different topics, they also have these learning networks for various subjects as well and CCA and CCE, and so on. So, when it comes to managing hurtful behaviour, bullying in schools, there is also such a network among teachers as well as key personnel who are involved in our schools in handling these issues.
Second, is that training and help for early identification that would apply across the board in the school, from school leader to educator to counsellor and school welfare officers to our students. A lot of it is enmeshed into our CCE classes that bring across these points in an age-appropriate way. For example, in primary school, lower primary, we teach them about friendship: how to make friends, how to maintain friendships, how to be kind, caring and sensitive to one another. And as you grow a little bit older, it will be a bit more explicit about hurtful and bullying behaviours and then how to be an upstander, how to respond appropriately and how to look out for cyberbullying, and so on. So, that is for the school at large.
Then, of course, we have peer support leaders and that was a result of the 2020 major CCE framework review. Peer support leaders do not just deal with bullying and hurtful behaviours, of course, they are there to help students who have difficulty adjusting, new students who have come in, primary one students, help to keep an eye out for other students who might run into difficulties or may feel down and of course, to look out for early signs of bullying and then trained to report to an appropriate adult, including a teacher or a counsellor.
\tMr Speaker: Ms Joan Pereira.
\tMs Joan Pereira (Tanjong Pagar): I have got two supplementary questions for the Minister. For cases of cyberbullying, what is the status of the Ministry's work with relevant authorities and online platforms to take action on cyberbullying incidents or content? And my second question, do these include quick-response channels that will allow the rapid take down of bullying content posted online?
\tMr Desmond Lee: Well, I mentioned earlier that there is some material that is put out for parents, for the community and, then, internally for the school community, guidelines and even some case studies on how to identify, deal with cyberbullying incidents involving children in schools. I understand that the Infocomm Media Development Authority of Singapore has legislation that might give them powers to require takedowns. That is, of course, asking the platform to do so if there is a threshold met.
But at the school-level, if it is one child posting about another child, then it will involve, at the school-level, asking the children concerned to take it down as part of the resolution process.
As for quick-reporting channels, I believe that I mentioned earlier that some schools have online forms, contact arrangements and reporting channels for them to report bullying, including cyberbullying.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Xie Yao Quan.
\tMr Xie Yao Quan (Jurong Central): Speaker, I go to the question that I filed, suggesting the set-up of a centralised anti-bullying unit to support schools to not only investigate the most egregious cases of bullying, but also to follow up with disciplinary and rehabilitative actions with the key purpose of avoiding overburdening our teachers. And I would just like to ask the Minister if that is one of the specific measures being considered under the review?
\tMr Desmond Lee: I thank the Member for his suggestion and again, in the spirit of what I mentioned earlier, we are conducting a review and we certainly take Member Xie Yao Quan's suggestion into serious consideration. If I may share, during our engagements, we also received a similar suggestion. Our teachers are there to teach, but when incidents happen, they want to restore discipline so teaching can continue.
But even in dealing with these bad behaviours, as I said, children make mistakes on their academic work, project work and there is corrective and remedial action needed from a pedagogical point of view. But also when it comes to certain behaviours that they manifest in the classroom, in trying to restore classroom discipline, it is also a teachable moment for the students.
Having said that, when matters escalate or if it is more serious, key personnel in the school may be involved. School leaders may be involved and sometimes, even beyond the school if a matter is more serious, including the Police or the superintendent, zonal directors or even headquarters itself.
There was a suggestion, as part of the review that is ongoing, that we bring in experts with knowledge in restorative practice, or RP, for instance. And, of course, we have to study this carefully, because if we bring these people in, they will have to then integrate well with what is happening in our schools. The teachers on the ground know the children well and also understand the dynamics. If we bring in an external party, they have expertise, but they will then also have to go through a certain get-up in order to understand what is going on and to build the relationship with the school, educators and staff as well as with the parents. So, certainly, we will study it seriously.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Yip Hon Weng.
\tMr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang): Mr Speaker, I thank the Minister for his reply. I have two supplementary questions raised by educators. Could the Minister share what safeguards are in place to prevent over-reporting of false positives that may overwhelm teachers and dilute attention from serious cases? And secondly, in strengthening anti-bullying measures, how does the Ministry strike a balance between protecting victims and helping students build resilience to manage everyday small disagreements or teasing that may not amount to bullying?
\tMr Desmond Lee: May I just ask the Member, I did not quite catch the first question: over-reporting that overwhelms the teachers? Perhaps the Member can clarify. Sorry, I did not catch that.
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\tMr Yip Hon Weng: I mean, for small issues or incidents that may not be considered as bullying, but students report it to teachers and teachers may be overwhelmed by some of these small incidents.
\tMr Desmond Lee: I understand where the Member is coming from. I think, sometimes you can never get it perfect because so many children are involved and we have this network of peer support leaders as well, and all our children are encouraged to report if there are issues that they face. They are not feeling good, or they see some other classmate in difficulty or they see some behaviours, they will report, because they look up to the teacher as someone whom they respect, as a figure of authority, someone whom they know and trust, and the teacher will then exercise judgement.
I do not think there is a particular policy you can put in place to get children, including primary school children, to calibrate it to the right level. But we are mindful, ultimately, of the demands on our teachers. They are prepared to work hard, but there must be clear purpose and meaning, and helping our children learn the right values and the right behaviours, and building resilience in them is important, comparable to what they are teaching in terms of academic subjects. These lessons in life, these life-skills are, perhaps, even more important. So, our teachers will not shy away and will use these as opportunities to try to turn it into a teachable moment.
The Member is right. I do not think we want to give people the impression that we do not want to overprotect our children because we want them to be resilient. It is a careful balance. We want to arm our children, put processes in place so that the school can be and continue to be a safe, conducive environment for learning, not just academic learning but also learning of values, behaviours and team work and so on – all the 21st Century Competencies that we think are important for our children to take away into life.
And yet, when you have behaviours and interactions, and as I said, there are 400,000 primary and secondary school children, plus minus, if you add the whole system together, ITE, polytechnics and universities, half a million. And the number of micro interactions is huge. Really, these are people-to-people relationships and you want a certain degree of resilience, being able to just brush it off and say, \"Well, this person, I understand, may have had a bad day\".
But there is a threshold that is not a bright line that is crossed, when that becomes toxic, when that has an impact in a negative way, and when we say we step in, it does not mean we overprotect. It means we step in to prevent further harm, look at what has happened and make sure that those involved learn, including people who are at the receiving end of the bullying behaviour, to also learn how they can better protect themselves and also understand the spirit of forgiveness.
Mr Speaker: Dr Charlene Chen.
\tDr Charlene Chen (Tampines): Thank you, Mr Speaker. I would like to ask the Minister whether schools, or staff in schools, are penalised for bullying cases happening in schools? And if so, whether such practices may inadvertently incentivise cover-ups, and more importantly, hinder MOE's efforts to send more resources to support these schools. A second question would be, if no, are there any reasons to believe why cover-ups could happen?
\tMr Desmond Lee: I am not aware that there are such penalties for schools or educators if a bullying incident happens in their class or in the school. I cannot believe there is, though I would certainly go back and check. When the Member mentions cover-ups, I think it is best to look at specific cases that we can then examine and investigate, if necessary, because it is a serious allegation.
Mr Speaker: Ms Eileen Chong.
\tMs Eileen Chong Pei Shan (Non-Constituency Member): Thank you, Mr Speaker. I thank the Minister for touching on MOE's upstream preventative measures and approaches. My supplementary questions actually pertain to this. I am very heartened to hear about the enhancements that have been made to the CCE since 2021 and I would like to ask if the Minister could elaborate on how the Ministry actually evaluates the effectiveness of some of these changes made, especially in light of some MOE statistics, as of 2024, which indicates that bullying numbers have been held steady in the last five years.
And to the Minister's point about how children actually learn from multiple behaviour sources, which thus highlights the importance of upstream preventative measures, I am very heartened to hear about programmes, like the Parenting for Wellness programme and other tool kits that are available for parents, but more importantly, we also understand that implementation is often times as important as programme and toolkit design.
So, could the Minister elaborate on what is the uptake rate by parents of the more than 400,000 school-going primary and secondary school children of these toolkits and programmes? And if the uptake rate is low, whether there are other ways to increase this uptake without placing the onus on our teachers that are already burdened trying to manage the situation in school and outside of school?
\tMr Desmond Lee: Well, these CCE changes come about as a result of review. We had a comprehensive review of the kinds of character and values that we see as important to develop in our children, and we will continue to review these from time to time. And then they are then delivered through pedagogy, through class activities, through student activity, and so on, as well as adult role modelling. And as I said earlier, we hope to be able to also share that with parents so that they can do some reinforcement at home. Our parents take charge of our children's upbringing and are also, in a way, teachers of values and character, in as much as our teachers in our classrooms.
As to how we can measure and evaluate, there are so many factors that go into the behaviours of our children. We, of course, can see some of these manifests themselves in the children's relationship with one another, their attitudes towards the people around them, including their teachers. Some of these can be seen on the ground. But I think it is very hard to scientifically measure for each and every child whether these improvements to CCE have, in the short term or immediate term, resulted in certain factors. So, the causative link is not so easy to establish, but these are reinforced, these are role-modelled, and we hope that this sets them in a good position and trajectory for life.
As for the uptake of the tool kits, I do not have the data at this point in time. I have said, in my reply, that these are made available, our schools disseminate some of this information to our parents as well as to parent support groups. And we, certainly, as part of this review, want to see how we can improve the material, make it more accessible to diverse audiences and find better and more effective ways to connect with our parents, not just by sharing information, but by working together for our children's well-being and development.
Mr Speaker: Ms Yeo Wan Ling.
\tMs Yeo Wan Ling (Punggol): Thank you, Speaker. Protecting our young through the prevention and identification of online harms and cyberbullying needs to be a whole-of-community effort.
In my community engagements with parents, given that the bullying happens to be in the \"unseen\" online world, I note that many parents were not aware of the extent of their child's cyberbullying cases. With online bullying ground movements coming from school backyards, for instance, \"XXX\", being the school's name, and confessions on social media pages, chat groups, game rooms, how will the school and Ministry reach out to the community to be vigilant to such pages and such movements?
Beyond the current reporting channels, will the Ministry also consider a nationwide campaign to stamp out cyberbullying in schools, because really, it is not okay to be not okay.
\tMr Desmond Lee: The short answer to both is, we will study in the course of the review. For the Member's suggestions, on the first, we will also welcome members of the public, including Members of this House, if you have seen any of these sites, to also alert us, I think that will be the \"all hands on deck\" approach to looking after our children.
Mr Speaker: I have called on all Members who filed PQs on this matter for today and the next three days. The last member I am going to call is Mr Gerald Giam. You had filed a question for written answer yesterday, but I will allow you to ask another supplementary question.
\tMr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Aljunied): Thank you, Mr Speaker. Sir, one of the most effective ways to stop bullying is through peer disapproval. How do schools encourage and empower students who are bystanders to intervene and tell the bully that what they are doing is not okay? The Minister mentioned that students are taught to be upstanders and to respond appropriately to bullying. Can this be made part of the core CCE curriculum and be introduced at a lower primary level? This will be a very important skill that they will carry into adulthood, because bullying can happen at all ages and in all environments.
\tMr Desmond Lee: I thank the Member for his important point. Upstanding behaviour is not just something that our peer support leaders are trained to do. We hope our students, as a whole, will not just stand at the side, be an audience, or worse, even implicitly egg people on.
So, this is really about fomenting and formulating a positive school culture and class culture, which I mentioned earlier, that is the aim of this review, to see how we can further strengthen existing efforts to create a positive school culture, not just a kind and caring culture, but one in which people speak up and make clear what is not acceptable behaviour in their midst.
Mr Speaker: That is the end of the MOE question time, almost an hour. Mr Xie Yao Quan, next question please.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Minister for Education how will the Ministry work with the community and families in creating awareness on the prevention and identification of online harms and cyber bullying."],"footNoteQuestions":["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12"],"questionNo":"1-12"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Reasons for Lower Proportion of Fresh Graduates in Full-time Employment and Extent of Help from GRaduate Industry Traineeship Programme","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OA","content":"13 Mr Xie Yao Quan asked the Minister for Manpower in respect of a lower proportion of fresh graduates from Institutes of Higher Learning landing full-time permanent employment after graduation (a) what are the cyclical and structural factors contributing to this trend; (b) how does the GRaduate Industry Traineeships Programme (GRIT) address these factors; and (c) what further measures is the Ministry considering to address these factors.
14 Mr Edward Chia Bing Hui asked the Minister for Manpower (a) whether the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) Programme will affect the long-term earning potential of fresh graduates; (b) what guardrails guide its implementation and how are these reviewed; and (c) how are host employers and sectors selected, especially in strategic growth sectors.
15 Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan asked the Minister for Manpower what plans does the Ministry have to encourage host employers to fairly consider fresh graduates participating in the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) Programme for conversion to full-time positions.
16 Mr Liang Eng Hwa asked the Minister for Manpower (a) what is the number of companies that will be participating in the GRaduate Industry Traineeships programme; and (b) what is the allocation breakdown of the 800 traineeship places among the universities, polytechnics and ITEs.
17 Ms Gho Sze Kee asked the Minister for Manpower (a) how many companies are currently on board the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) Programme; and (b) how will the Ministry monitor and ensure the quality of the traineeship experience.
18 Ms Jessica Tan Soon Neo asked the Minister for Manpower (a) what measures are there to ensure that GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) offer meaningful, structured learning experiences for fresh graduates; (b) how will the Ministry monitor the quality of host organisations and mentorship provided; and (c) how will GRIT draw from best practices in internship programmes at tertiary institutions for a win-win outcome for trainees and participating companies.
19 Dr Hamid Razak asked the Minister for Manpower what safeguards are in place under the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) Programme to ensure that the emphasis remains on providing meaningful training and developmental opportunities to fresh graduates, rather than on cost-savings for host organisations.
20 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Manpower (a) how the initial number of 800 GRaduate Industry Traineeship positions was determined; and (b) what is the Ministry's projected demand for traineeship placements based on the number of recent graduates in 2024 and 2025 who are seeking employment.
21 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Minister for Manpower (a) what key factors contribute to the decrease in employment in permanent jobs for fresh graduates; (b) what are the goals and KPIs of the new Government-funded traineeship programme for recent graduates; and (c) how does it address the factors affecting permanent jobs for fresh graduates and what other measures are planned to arrest this employment trend.
\tThe Minister for Manpower (Dr Tan See Leng): Mr Speaker, with your permission, I would like to address the following Parliamentary Questions (PQs) on graduate employment and the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) programme together: questions filed by Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis and Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan from yesterday's Sitting; oral Question Nos 13 to 21 from today's Order Paper on graduate employment; and oral and written questions filed by Ms Lee Hui Ying1, Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat, Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan, Mr Ng Shi Xuan2, 3, Ms Poh Li San4, Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin and Dr Charlene Chen for the subsequent Sittings, also relating to graduate employment.
Mr Speaker: Please go ahead.
\tDr Tan See Leng: I would also like to invite all Members to seek clarifications after and consider withdrawing the questions filed for future Sittings, if they have been addressed.
Mr Yip Hon Weng and Mr Xie Yao Quan asked about the key factors contributing to the decrease in permanent employment of fresh graduates. First, I would like to clarify that we have not seen a decrease in permanent employment of fresh graduates in the 2025 cohort so far. Mr Yip and Mr Xie may be referring to the decrease in the permanent employment rate of fresh graduates six months after graduation from 2023 to 2024, reported in the Joint Autonomous Universities Graduate Employment Survey. Based on our data so far, we have, in fact, seen some improvement in employment rates from 2024 to 2025.
As of June this year, around 9,300 graduates from the 2025 cohort, or 52%, were employed. This employment rate was higher than that of the 2024 cohort at the same time last year, when 8,600 graduates, or 48% of the 2024 cohort, were employed. The proportion of graduates in permanent employment has also increased, at about 44% in 2025 compared to 37% in 2024. I believe these figures will improve further, as many graduates were only beginning their job searches in June.
The employment rate of the 2024 cohort has risen from 48%, as mentioned earlier, to 88% this June.
That said, Members of the House, we recognise the anxieties and challenges faced by fresh graduates in their job searches. Based on our data, we assess that this might be partly driven by a significantly higher number of fresh graduates from the 2025 cohort entering the job market immediately after graduation, compared to last year.
With your permission, Mr Speaker, Sir, may I display a chart to better illustrate my point and may I ask the Clerks to distribute a copy as well.
Mr Speaker: Please go ahead. [A handout was distributed to hon Members. Please refer to Annex 1.]
\tDr Tan See Leng: Members may also access these materials through the MP@SGPARL App.
If Members look at the chart that has been distributed, compared to the same time last year, there were about 2,400 more fresh graduates looking for a job instead of either taking a gap break or going for further studies.
Hence, even though there were about 700 more fresh graduates who were employed, the additional 1,700 active jobseekers who had yet to find a job may have contributed to a stronger sense of job competition among fresh graduates.
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Moreover, external factors including economic headwinds from increased trade tensions, the imposition of tariffs and geopolitical conflict and growing concerns over artificial intelligence taking over entry-level jobs have added to the anxieties of our fresh graduates. Therefore, even though graduate employment rates remain stable, we need to support the additional influx of graduates looking for work.
We have introduced GRIT to give graduates an opportunity to pick up industry experience and practical skills to boost their employability in the longer term. This model builds on positive results seen for the trainees who participated during the COVID-era SGUnited Traineeships (SGUT).
To Ms Eileen Chong's question, close to 90% of SGUT trainees found regular employment within six months after completion.
While the median starting salary for degree graduate trainees who participated in SGUT, at close to $3,400, was slightly lower than the median of $3,700 reported in the Joint Autonomous University Graduate Employment Survey 2020, these figures are not directly comparable, because the demographics of both groups differ.
The economic context for the introduction of SGUT and GRIT also differ. SGUT focused on increasing capacity to reduce graduate unemployment during an economic crisis, while our current GRIT programme focuses on the provision of a limited number of quality traineeship opportunities to provide reassurance to graduates. Hence, the outcomes of GRIT may not mirror that of SGUT.
There have been several questions raised over how GRIT can support graduates to gain sustained full-time employment eventually. We have designed the scheme with a few key considerations to achieve this.
First, we will ensure that the traineeships are of high quality, so that they improve the employability of graduates in the longer term. Mr Edward Chia, Ms Gho Sze Kee and Mr Liang Eng Hwa asked about the selection of companies currently on-board for GRIT. Workforce Singapore (WSG) has worked with sector agencies to identify leading companies as host organisations for the programme.
These companies come from key growth sectors such as financial services, and information and communications, which offer a large number of good jobs. They have a good track record of hiring and training locals and are committed to offer a good mix of traineeship roles for graduates from all of our educational institutions.
To Mr Chia's, Ms Gho's, Ms Jessica Tan's, Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin's and Dr Hamid Razak's questions about how the Ministry will monitor the quality of the traineeship experience, host companies will need to submit a traineeship development plan with learning outcomes that WSG will regularly review. WSG will also conduct check-ins with trainees to monitor and ensure the quality of the traineeship experience. These structured traineeships with leading companies will position trainees in good stead for jobs and for roles within or beyond the host organisations.
Ms Chong, Mr Patrick Tay and Ms Lee Hui Ying asked how we would support the conversion of trainees to full-time positions. To strengthen the pathway to full-time employment, WSG will strongly encourage host organisations to offer full-time employment where possible.
To support host organisations to do so even before the traineeships end, we will continue to provide allowance subsidies for host organisations that convert trainees who have completed at least three months of the traineeship. In addition, as part of the check-in with the trainees before the end of the traineeship, WSG will also proactively share employment resources, including career matching services to support trainees' transition to full-time employment.
Second, we have designed the scheme to provide support without crowding out full-time job positions that companies might otherwise offer to fresh graduates.
To Mr Gerald Giam's and Ms Poh Li San's question on the initial number of places, we have started GRIT with an initial capacity of 800 places – 500 private sector and 300 public sector.
Last week, when I released the Labour Market Report for the quarter ending June 2025, I have also shared that there are 30,000 entry level job positions available today for our fresh graduates to apply, so, I hope you can understand why we have very tightly ensured that this programme does not end up cannibalising full-time positions. This helps to safeguard both the quality of traineeships and at the same time, manage the risk of crowding out full-time positions.
To Mr Louis Chua's question on how we determined the traineeship allowance, we capped the maximum at $2,400, which is approximately half of the median starting salary of fresh graduates from autonomous universities. This is similar to the quantum for SGUT and is calibrated to ensure that trainees continue to prioritise full-time roles.
We also capped the duration of traineeships at six months to encourage employers to seriously consider the trainees for a higher paying full-time job at the end of the traineeship. This relates to Mr Chua's other question on why trainees will not be considered employees of the host organisation.
GRIT is meant to offer traineeships that build skills and early work experience through on-the-job training. It is not meant to be an employment subsidy, typically used to support groups that face more serious and chronic barriers to employment, such as, persons with disabilities. If companies see the value of trainees and wish to engage them on a longer-term basis, they should offer full-time positions.
Third, GRIT is designed to mitigate the risk of displacing existing employees, including mid-career workers. We have carefully selected host organisations that actively participate in workforce development efforts, including the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) or WSG programmes that support mid-career workers.
To Mr Ng Shi Xuan's question, WSG will also conduct checks on host companies' recent retrenchment activities to ensure that the traineeship roles are not similar to that of impacted workers.
This also speaks to Mr Kenneth Tiong's question on the risk of employers using traineeship grants to displace employees. Moreover, the traineeship allowance is calibrated to be lower than what host organisations can receive for mature individuals who are undergoing attachments under the Mid-Career Pathways Programme.
The Government stands ready to roll out further support if necessary. We are prepared to increase traineeship places and extend the programme if economic conditions worsen, or if there is demand for more traineeship places due to good outcomes for both graduates and employers.
In the meantime, we encourage all our fresh graduates to tap on the extensive career guidance and job matching support that has been made available through the Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs), WSG and NTUC's e2i.
To Dr Charlene Chen's query, to complement the education and career guidance provided by the Ministry of Education and IHLs, WSG and its partners offers a variety of career services and resources to students seeking to enter the workforce.
These advisory services include, not just career advisory, but also coaching services provided by both WSG and e2i, and they can be complemented with industry insights offered by WSG's Volunteer Career Advisors. Individuals can also look for job opportunities on WSG's MyCareersFuture portal, utilising its CareersFinder feature to explore potential careers and upskilling options.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Xie Yao Quan.
\tMr Xie Yao Quan (Jurong Central): Thank you, Sir. I would just like to ask the Minister if, beyond cyclical factors, the Ministry also assesses that there are structural factors driving the graduate employment situation, including, for example, the displacement of entry level jobs by artificial intelligence (AI)? And would the Ministry consider traineeships as a solution to some of these structural factors driving graduate employment?
\tDr Tan See Leng: Mr Speaker, I thank the Member for his supplementary question. I agree with the Member. Generative AI is indeed reshaping entry level jobs and increasingly advanced models automate quite a lot of the more routine and mundane tasks. But I think that contemporaneously, this shift is also creating new opportunities in AI-related fields, and it elevates the importance of soft skills, for instance, like critical thinking, creativity.
What we hope to do is to ensure that our young graduates continue to be ready, flexible, nimble enough to be able to adapt to leverage on AI positively, particularly given the world that we are in today – rapid disruptions, rapid pace of transformation.
So, to prepare our young graduates for career success in an AI era beyond the traineeships, the Government has put in place a mix of upskilling programmes, work-based learning, as well as career guidance initiatives, and under the National AI Strategy 2.0, for example, we are scaling up programmes like AI apprenticeship programmes, so that we can continue to boost our pipeline of young AI practitioners. Beyond the inclusion of AI-related modules within the curriculum at our IHLs to build up our students' digital fluencies, literacies, we have been evolving our education system. We work closely with Minister Lee's Ministry, so that we can continue to place an even greater focus on the soft skills that would continue to be important for career success in an AI era.
In addition, we have also stepped up support for career planning while they are in flight through the universities, through the IHLs. And WSG's career guidance efforts is integrated with them, so that we can support them to journey better and help them to work towards achieving their career goals.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Edward Chia.
\tMr Edward Chia Bing Hui (Holland-Bukit Timah): Thank you, Speaker. I understand that most of our students studying in our IHLs already go through internship programmes and the effort is intended to equip our students or young jobseekers with relevant work experience, and some of these internships are also supported by existing Government programmes, such as the Global Ready Talent Programme. In this context, may I ask the Minister first, how does the GRIT programme differ from existing internships, in terms of expectations, oversight, mentorship, learning objectives? And the Minister also mentioned about soft skills; so, would there be efforts to also harmonise this with the Global Ready Talent Programme?
Secondly, the Minister mentioned that there will be regular check-ins with trainees. May I ask how frequent will these check-ins be and how will these enhance the overall trainee experiences and outcomes?
\tDr Tan See Leng: I thank Mr Chia for his supplementary questions. I want to keep it short, because I understand that quite a number of Members who have filed PQs would also want to raise other supplementary questions.
Suffice to say, when we create programmes like this, we try to be very precise, very differentiated towards a particular need, as the other programmes run contemporaneously. GRIT is intended to be a temporary scheme. This is meant to support fresh graduates amidst the current economic uncertainty and of course, we will monitor the take-up closely. We will work with our programme partners to map out and to see whether there is a need to scale up capacity and provide lateral links into all of these other programmes, including the Global Ready Talent Programme that the Member alluded to.
Before the end of the 12-month period, we will also review the outcomes and we will then consider the need to extend the programme, depending on how the labour market situation evolves at that particular point in time.
Perhaps on a slightly more uplifting note, we did end the first half of this year with a growth in gross domestic product (GDP). Our GDP grew year on year by 4.3%. So, this is really a very pre-emptive approach to try to resolve and help our fresh graduates to gain that confidence, to gain that exposure and to build their networks.
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The rest of the scheme would continue to run in tandem. There is also a whole slew of measures that I had announced at the MOM Committee of Supply (COS) Budget this year on the Enterprise Workforce Transformation Package. And the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), working with the different agencies, has put up a $200 million package to develop Company Training Committees with all of the different companies. So, I think these measures come collectively, and I think that today, just to keep the scope of where we are on GRIT, it is meant to be a very tightly curated scheme, focusing on that delta of fresh graduates looking for opportunities for industrial attachments.
\tMr Speaker: I do hope to clear all the PQs for this, so Mr Patrick Tay, a short and concise one, and the same applies to the Minister later.
Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan (Pioneer): Two supplementary questions for the Minister. Firstly, on abuse by employers; secondly, on morale of GRIT trainees.
On the first supplementary question on abuse by employers, there may be employers who are keen and able to hire graduates on permanent employment but then use GRIT as sort of like a backdoor approach. How can MOM address this possible abuse?
Secondly, on the GRIT trainees, I know the scheme only starts on 1 October, but GRIT trainees, many of them may be on the GRIT scheme, but working alongside some of their classmates or schoolmates from last year, previous years, working alongside them and doing the same job, but their classmates are drawing sometimes maybe twice the pay because they are on permanent employment. How do we manage the morale of such trainees?
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\tDr Tan See Leng: Mr Speaker, I will try to keep it short. WSG has implemented safeguards under the GRIT programme to protect trainees from potential abuses from host organisations, so, there is a traineeship agreement which has to be signed by both trainees and the host companies. This details what is the approved traineeship allowance, what are the working hours, the leave entitlements, including medical and annual leave, which is offered by the host organisations, and this is submitted to the programme partner for oversight.
The appointed programme partner will then conduct check-ins with trainees to ensure that they are settling in well and that they have good traineeship experience. Trainees will also have access to a dedicated hotline and email to support and to report any issues, and the appointed programme partner will intervene where necessary to address concerns. We work very closely with the Singapore Business Federation on this.
We also started the scheme with a lower number of places so that we avoid crowding out all these potential full-time positions. We want to maintain the quality of the traineeship. The purpose for GRIT trainees is not to do the same work, but it is to give them the opportunity to pick up the industry experiences, the practical skillsets, hopefully the soft skills as well as – I was sharing, earlier on, to Member Mr Xie Yao Quan's PQ – so that eventually they can quickly get full-time employment after the traineeship duration of up to six months is completed. And we urge all companies to consider these trainees, to offer them permanent employment after their traineeship.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Liang Eng Hwa.
Mr Liang Eng Hwa (Bukit Panjang): Thank you, Sir. Sir, we have been hearing about companies hiring less entry level jobs. So, can I ask the Minister if companies in Singapore are indeed also hiring fewer entry level jobs; and if indeed this is a long-term trend, in addition to GRIT, what other policy measures may be necessary to support fresh graduate employment?
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\tDr Tan See Leng: There are some companies who are limiting the hiring of entry level jobs, but there are also many companies that have ramped up the hiring of entry level jobs. The entire scope of our economy is quite wide. We are quite well differentiated. In many of the growth sectors that I had earlier on talked about, and that is how we approach them to help, these are the companies that are still actively hiring.
For the purpose of GRIT, we have worked with close to 50 companies in the growth sector and they have committed to offering places under the GRIT programme. They span quite a diverse range of sectors, including financial services, manufacturing, the information and communications technology (ICT) and media sector, wholesale trade and professional services. I can share with Members a list of some of these companies, which includes prominent industry leaders \t– OCBC, DBS, Singapore Technologies, the semi-conductor companies, Micron, Sembcorp, Grab, Sea, Standard Chartered Bank – they have all stepped forward to offer meaningful traineeship opportunities.
Many of these roles would include \t– I mean, the list is very long. What I have done is to also request my MOM colleagues to publish the list of job vacancies in all of the different sectors for our fresh graduates and our graduates to apply for, and this will be made available on a recurring basis. Some of these traineeship roles that I alluded to include data analysts, robotic process automation (RPA) specialist, research and development, policy and strategy, as well as functions in marketing in human resources and in business development. And of course, Members know we are all rapidly ageing, and from where I used to come from, healthcare, they are always hiring. I hope that gives Members that breadth and that spread of the type of entry level jobs that are available.
\tMr Speaker: Ms Gho Sze Kee.
Ms Gho Sze Kee (Mountbatten): Thank you, Speaker. One supplementary question for the Minister. With regards to the GRIT@Gov Programme, would the Government commit to offering employment to trainees at the end of their traineeship, or at least set a clear expectation that the Government agencies should seek to hire these trainees into permanent roles rather than treating the programme as a stop gap measure?
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\tDr Tan See Leng: I thank Ms Gho for that very incisive exhortation. Certainly, from the Government's perspective, the 300 places offered by the Government agencies, we hope that the moment they come on board, that industrial attachment, would indeed inspire and encourage many of these young trainees to sign up and join the Government.
I would also like to remind the hon Member that there are a separate 2,400 jobs at Careers@Gov, and I certainly hope that more than 300 would apply to the 2,400 vacancies we have at Careers@Gov and we will do our best to facilitate their onboarding. I hope that gives you that reassurance.
\tMr Speaker: Ms Jessica Tan.
Ms Jessica Tan Soon Neo (East Coast): Thank you, Speaker. I just have two supplementary questions for the Minister. One on the point on after the GRIT programme, are there any specific measures to map some of these vacancies to these trainees who have completed the programme? Because the host organisations would have provided GRIT exposure, experience and training, which some of our small and medium enterprises (SMEs) may not be able to provide, and these graduates would then be more ready for the roles.
The second question is that if the entry level jobs are really going away, and in some cases they are, will this traineeship programme – after the completion, even if it is a 12-month programme, but your traineeships are three and six months – will it lead to a cycle of the trainees going for another cycle of traineeship?
\t
\tDr Tan See Leng: I thank Ms Tan for her questions. Earlier on I did share quite a fair bit of insight on how we will build on the SGUT. So, very similar to the SGUT, we will track how many trainees would have found employment after the GRIT programme and whether it was with their host organisation as at the outset.
The appointed programme partner, while the trainees are in flight, will review, will conduct regular check-ins with the trainees to ensure that they are settling in well, and that the experience is generally beneficial, and it is good. Host companies who are part of this programme will also be required to submit a traineeship development plan, with learning outcomes so that WSG can regularly review. Lastly, as I said, to strengthen the pathway to full-time employment, WSG will strongly encourage host organisations to offer full-time employment where possible.
And to support host organisations to do so, to get them to convert these GRIT trainees earlier even before the traineeships end, we will continue to provide allowance subsidies for host organisations to convert the trainees who have completed at least three months. So, the entire period of traineeship is up to six months, but after three months if they convert, we will still continue to provide the subsidy.
Before the end of the traineeship, WSG will proactively work with them to share employment services, including career matching services to support the trainees' transition into full-time employment.
So, there is a whole slew of measures that we put in place to facilitate their onboarding to full-time employment.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Gerald Giam.
\tMr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Alijunied): Thank you, Mr Speaker. Sir, I would imagine the demand for the GRIT scheme would far exceed the 800 places available. Will academic performance or prior job experience influence candidate selection for GRIT? If so, how will MOM ensure that the scheme does not disproportionately favour high-achieving candidates who are likely to secure jobs on their own, while leaving those with weaker academic results or limited practical experience still struggling to find employment?
My concern is less about the cannibalisation of entry level positions that the Minister mentioned earlier, but more about ensuring that jobseekers with weaker credentials are not inadvertently excluded from this scheme.
\t
\tDr Tan See Leng: I thank Mr Giam for that supplementary questions. I want to bring the Member back to the chart that I distributed earlier. The delta of fresh graduates looking for jobs, that increase in numbers, is about 1,700. So, this initial number, and let me highlight and underscore, is an initial number of 800 traineeship positions, is actually approximately half of the increase in the number of job-seeking graduates in the 2025 cohort, compared to the 2024 cohort at the same point in June last year.
And over time, you have seen that over that one year in my combined PQ reply earlier on, for those graduates in 2024, that from over 40%, I think it was 48%, has gone up to 88% in June this year. So, we expect that with time this delta will continue to drop because it was only in June that we got the numbers, so we expect that the numbers going into full-time employment would continue to increase.
Because of that, as a result of the number of unemployed graduates gradually falling, because more of them land jobs overtime, because, as I have said, there are also 30,000 full-time job vacancies for fresh graduates that that were available, our end objective is to channel as many graduates as possible into full-time jobs.
To the Member's point about grades and how those with better grades take up the GRIT traineeship, my sense is that those who have better grades and soft skills, those who have actually gotten a lot more experience, and those who have actually done a lot more internships and industrial traineeships while they were undergoing studies, they would have already been able to secure many of these jobs. What we are trying to do is to make sure that we want to level up the playing field for those people who may not have had the opportunity, because they were taken up by other responsibilities while they were still undergoing the training within the IHLs.
And as I have said, if the Member over time feels that there are other opportunities, there are other ways, we are happy to listen to suggestions and solutions from yourself. And depending on GDP growth, depending on how the economy continues to progress and move along, we will not hesitate to ramp up the traineeships, ramp up all of the support resources available, because at the end, if you look at the entire history of what we have been doing over the last many years, it is really focusing on developing a very strong Singapore Core and Singapore workforce. I hope that gives Member the reassurance.
\tMr Speaker: I will just allow for one final supplementary question. Dr Hamid Razak.
\tDr Hamid Razak: Thank you, Sir. There are two questions for Minister. The Minister did mention that the scheme is meant to be temporary. Are there any specific milestones or indicators that the Ministry has in mind before this scheme will cease or morph into a more permanent scheme?
And number two, I understand that we have taken in host organisations that have credibility and are able to give the development value to the trainees. Will you also be considering our local startups and companies that may similarly be able to offer value to our local graduates?
\t
\t
\tDr Tan See Leng: Mr Speaker, Sir, I think, to respect the time, I think we have passed Question Time.
\tMr Speaker: You are absolutely right, so keep yours short as well.
\tDr Tan See Leng: To the second point, certainly we have kept it very tight as at the outset, but if the scheme is successful and we are able to extend it to more companies, we certainly will work with the startups and the SMEs as well.
For the first point, we will monitor our GDP growth. We will also look at the unemployment statistics, particularly the long-term unemployment statistics. If you look at where we are today, the resident long-term unemployment rate is still very low, below 1%. And the spot unemployment is about just below 3%, about 2.8%, 2.9%.
At below 1%, a long-term unemployment rate, that 2% to 2.1% is actually churn. In any healthy economy, you would expect that churn to happen. That means that these people typically either take a gap, couple of weeks or months, but within six months they get back to a new job.
Today, like I said, I mean, there is that fear, that angst, that apprehension, but the reality on the ground is such that we are still in a relatively stable state.
Of course, things can change in the next one, two quarters, and we are cognisant of that. But what we are trying to do is to provide the reassurance, because to the individual looking for a job, he is most affected and impacted. No amount of statistics that I share will be able to allay his concerns, his fears and his anxiety. So, we want to scope this thing carefully to make sure that we can help them and we can reach out to all of them with maximum benefit.
\tMr Speaker: Mr Yip, I am sorry I could not get to you. I know you filed a question. But you have the honour of kicking off the Debate, next.
Order. End of Question Time. The Clerk will now proceed to read the Order of the Day.
[Pursuant to Standing Order No 22(3), provided that Members had not asked for questions standing in their names to be postponed to a later Sitting day or withdrawn, written answers to questions not reached by the end of Question Time are reproduced in the Appendix.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Minister for Manpower whether the GRaduate Industry Traineeship Programme includes requirements for employers to consider and facilitate the conversion of trainees to full-time employees after the end of the traineeship programme.","2 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Minister for Manpower (a) what are the eligibility and selection criteria for participating host organisations under the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) Programme; and (b) whether the Ministry will consider if a prospective host organisation has engaged in a recent retrenchment exercise when determining its eligibility to participate in the programme.","3 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Minister for Manpower (a) what are the safeguards to prevent abuse of the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) Programme by participating host organisations, including (i) excessive or unreasonable working hours (ii) inadequate rest and (iii) lack of mandatory sick or hospitalisation leave entitlements; and (b) what avenues of recourse are available to trainees in such situations.","4 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Minister for Manpower (a) out of the 800 vacancies under the GRaduate Industry Traineeship (GRIT) Programme, what is the split of vacancies allocated for (i) GRIT versus GRIT@Gov (ii) graduates from universities, polytechnics versus those from Institutes of Technical Education (ITE), respectively; and (b) what is the selection criteria and mechanism for applications."],"footNoteQuestions":["13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21"],"questionNo":"13-21"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"President's Speech","subTitle":"Debate on Address of Thanks – second allotted day","sectionType":"OS","content":"
[(proc text) Order read for the Resumption of Debate on Question [22 September 2025]. (proc text)]
[(proc text) \"That the following Address in reply to the Speech of the President be agreed to: (proc text)]
[(proc text) 'We, the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore, express our thanks to the President for the Speech which he delivered on behalf of the Government at the Opening of the First Session of this Parliament.'.\" – [Mr Sharael Taha] (proc text)]
[(proc text) Question again proposed. (proc text)]
Mr Speaker: Mr Yip Hon Weng.
Mr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang): Mr Speaker, Sir. I begin by declaring that I work in a global investment firm with investments in defence-related companies.
In the opening chapter of the Chinese novel, \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\", we find a line that carries through the ages: \"天下大势，分久必合，合久必分\". Great powers come together after a period of fracture; and divide after a period of unity.
History bears out this pattern. Empires rise and fall. Regions fracture, only to converge again under new banners. The map of the world is never still. It is like the tide – advancing, retreating, flowing.
For small, open nations like ours, the world today is not only uncertain. It is like a gathering storm at an inflection point, where old certainties collapse into turbulence. The assumptions that once held steady – open trade, safe sea lanes, shared global norms – can no longer be taken for granted.
Supertankers and fleets of all sizes are shifting course, switching lanes and creating waves. For a small vessel like Singapore, the challenge is not to command the seas. It is to chart a careful passage through them.
This inflection point is not only geopolitical; it is economic and technological. The British Empire was powered by coal. America’s rise was fuelled by oil. The next era will be built on electrification – from renewable grids to new storage systems. The demand for coal has levelled off. Oil may be nearing its peak. Electrification is still in its early stages, but will rise sharply in the years ahead. Demand will shift. And the nations that adapt will lead.
As Ray Dalio warns, we are entering a period of “multi-dimensional conflict” – spanning economics, technology and geopolitics. He notes that the United States’ (US') relative position has declined, while China’s rise has been remarkable. If unmanaged, this could harden into greater confrontation. Singapore cannot sit back. We must prepare. And preparation begins with recognising this fundamental truth: Singapore’s security rests on two pillars – defence and diplomacy. One without the other leaves us vulnerable. Defence gives credibility to diplomacy. Diplomacy ensures defence is well-positioned. Together, they form the twin pillars of our survival.
I thank President Tharman Shanmugaratnam for his clear articulation of the challenges ahead. His words remind us: this is not business as usual. I speak today not only as the Chair of the Defence and Foreign Affairs Government Parliamentary Committee (GPC), but also as the Member of Parliament (MP) of Yio Chu Kang. From one vantage point, I see the shifting sands of geopolitics. From another, I hear the everyday anxieties of Singaporean families – about jobs, about costs, about our children’s future. These are not separate conversations. They are one and the same story.
Mr Speaker, Sir, Southeast Asia, once seen as an oasis of stability, is more fragile than we would like to admit. Border disputes simmer. Political transitions in our neighbours bring forth opportunity and uncertainty. Globally, wars in Europe and the Middle East shake supply chains and energy security. Great power rivalry between the US and China sharpens by the day.
Even in advanced democracies, societies fracture not with bombs or tanks, but with inequality, disinformation and digital disruption. If foreign policy begins at home, then the lesson is clear: when nations grow divided inside, they stumble abroad. And when they stumble, the shockwaves ripple across the world.
For Singapore, whose survival depends on stability abroad and cohesion at home, the stakes could not be higher.
First, Mr Speaker, Sir, the Ministry of Defence's (MINDEF’s) commitment to deepen ties with partners is vital. Strengthening ties with existing allies is good, but we must avoid over-dependence. We must also cultivate diversified relationships, even with non-traditional partners in the Global South, for example, emerging economies that share an interest in regional stability. At the same time, we have to carefully manage risks from states who may not always share our worldview and whose ambition may not always align with a rules-based order. Meanwhile, warfare is changing. Cheap drones. Cyberattacks. AI-enabled systems. These are not weapons of tomorrow. These are weapons of today. The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) must not just keep pace. It must set the pace.
But it is not enough to buy the most advanced systems. What matters is whether we can sustain and replenish them. A handful of elite systems may not decide the outcome. What will matter is scale and speed – tens, hundreds, even thousands of resilient systems that can be replaced and deployed quickly. This is where our defence industry plays a role. ST Engineering has shown what is possible with reliability and innovation. We must build on that and encourage more to innovate for the next generation.
National Service is evolving. We are redesigning vocations, harnessing civilian expertise. That is good. But we must also retain high-value technical talent, rather than lose them once trained. Total Defence volunteerism is expanding, but participation alone is not enough. We must measure outcomes in terms of readiness and trust, not just headcount.
Let us be ambitious. Our defence industry can provide high-value jobs, strengthen technological sovereignty and be a source of national pride. But ambition must remain sustainable. At around 3% of gross domestic product (GDP), our defence budget is prudent. The challenge is to sustain strength, while keeping it affordable.
Second, Mr Speaker, Sir, our foreign policy must adapt just as quickly. We do not choose sides. We choose principles. We stay open. We stay credible. We stay constructive. Principles are like a compass to set our long-term direction. Deepening ties with both the US and China demands careful, calibrated messaging. Openness to one must never be misread as turning away from the other. Ultimately, all foreign policy is domestic policy. When big nations clash, Singaporeans feel it – in the price of groceries, the security of jobs, the reliability of essential services. Our external relationships are directly tied to stability at home.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) remains our cornerstone. But consensus paralysis is real. Beyond trade and digital frameworks, we must explore institutional innovations that enable action – maybe not qualified majority voting in select domains – so that ASEAN is not paralysed by gridlock.
As the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) expands its missions in Africa and Latin America, the intent is right. But we must ensure that resources are not overstretched. Missions should deliver trade, partnerships and strategic footholds, not just symbolic presence.
Most importantly, diplomacy is about people. Personal relationships. Cultural understanding. The ability to pick up the phone, call a counterpart and have trust built over years. That is invaluable. In our own region, many of the old leaders have passed on. We must invest in the new generation of connections. We must have people who can sit at tables, share meals and build trust beyond formalities. Foreign policy is a long game. It requires credibility backed by defence, curiosity about the world and resilience at home.
Mr Speaker, Sir, security is not only about the nation. It is also about the resilience of our communities in Singapore. In my constituency Yio Chu Kang, I see how strong communities make strong nations. Dementia-friendly walkways. Food rescue programmes. These may seem small compared to geopolitics, but they are not. They build trust. They build solidarity. And solidarity is the true bedrock of resilience.
Here, I must commend the Ministry of Health (MOH) on Healthier SG and Age Well SG. As Vice-Chair of the Health GPC, I have seen first-hand how these initiatives are not just policies on paper, but create real impact on the ground. Preventive health, functional screenings, community fitness programmes and mental health outreach are transforming the way Singaporeans think about health. They bring care into the neighbourhood, where people live, know each other and can support one another. This is where resilience takes root – in the neighbour who checks in, in the resident who volunteers.
Yet, we must also address challenges to jobs and social mobility. Rising costs, low birth rates and an ageing population test our resilience. Still, most Singaporeans believe hard work can improve their circumstances. That optimism is not just individual hope. It is our collective strength.
In conclusion, Mr Speaker, Sir, we have reflected on shifting tides of geopolitics and unpredictable challenges. We have looked at warfare today, from drones and cyberattacks to AI-enabled systems and the need for an SAF that is ready and resilient. We have considered foreign policy that is principled and practical, open but credible, designed to deliver for our people. We have seen how resilient communities, rooted in solidarity, form the foundation of national strength.
Through it all, defence, diplomacy and community must be sustainable, guided by careful planning and prudent stewardship.
Singapore is like a small vessel sailing in waters where giants move. Supertankers shift course, sometimes collide. If we drift without care, we risk being capsized. There are strategic dangers if great powers disengage and economic dangers if rivalries fracture supply chains.
Survival is never passive. To endure, we must see risks early, seize opportunities fast and equip our ship with radar, engines, reserves and most importantly, a disciplined and united crew.
Foreign policy is also personal. Recently, a Yio Chu Kang family came to see me at my meet-the-people session (MPS). A member had faced a serious road incident abroad. Delays in medical care, challenges with local authorities. MFA and our High Commission stepped in. Guidance, support and access were provided. The family returned safely. I met them recently during my community walkabouts. They shared with me that they were very thankful for the consular support. This is what foreign policy really means: the safety of citizens, the security of families, the assurance that Singapore will stand by her people, because foreign policy is not only grand strategy. It is the price of groceries, the security of jobs, the reliability of services. The assurance that when you are in trouble abroad, your country will not leave you behind.
So, when history looks back, in 2035, 2050 or 2065 when we celebrate SG100, let it record that we did not shrink from the challenge. We rose above it. We secured our sovereignty, held fast to our unity, and built resilience across generations.
This is our moment to ride out the storm. We must move with confidence, clarity and courage – together.
Mr Speaker, Sir, let us rise, not as individuals, not as separate communities, but as one Singapore. Let us SURPASS – Secure, United, Resilient – and ensure Singapore's safe passage through turbulent waters, today and for generations to come, and let us do so with a \"we first\" spirit, put our people, our families, our nation at the hearts of every step. When we act with purpose, stand together and refuse to be passive, there is nothing we cannot achieve.
And let us remember even a small state like ours has agency, if we are careful and united. Our credibility rests on three things: our economic success, our ability to deter threats, and our consistent, confident diplomacy. In a world of shifting tides, Singapore must always strive to be useful but never made use of.
Finally, let me acknowledge the men and women who make our defence and diplomacy possible – our soldiers, National Servicemen (NSmen), diplomats and public officers who carry the weight of safeguarding Singapore every day. We honour their service. I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker: Mr Ang Wei Neng.
Mr Ang Wei Neng (West Coast-Jurong West): Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion to thank President Tharman for his Address at the Opening of the First Session of this 15th Parliament.
President Tharman's call for unity, inclusivity and resilience deeply resonates with me, because these are not abstract ideals but real challenges we see on the ground. His Address is a timely reminder that while policies set the direction, it is a collective effort of Government, businesses, unions and our communities that will determine whether every Singaporean feels supported and included in this journey. I am committed to do my part in Parliament and in my Nanyang division to help translate this vision into reality for our people.
Mr Speaker, Sir, I have stood in this House on at least six occasions since 2021, to sound the alarm and plead for stronger action against the notorious rise of vaping. At that time, the burden of enforcement fell almost entirely on the shoulders of the Health Sciences Authority (HSA), an agency I believed was not sufficiently resourced to combat this growing crisis. My belief was strengthened when I saw the dangerous infiltration of illicit products like Kpods into our schools and communities, and the possible involvement of criminal syndicates in trafficking vapes and Kpods.
So, it was with a profound sense of relief that I, along with many concerned Singaporeans, listened to President saying that \"we must guard dangers at home, including vape\". Similarly, Prime Minister Mr Lawrence Wong had earlier voiced his concerns about vaping, especially those laced with harmful substances, during the National Day Rally. He affirmed the urgent need for stronger enforcement and harsher penalties. And true to his word, swift and decisive action followed, powerfully backed by our dedicated Home Team officers, working closely with MOH and HSA officers.
What we are seeing now is the strength of a whole-of-Government response. A united front involving MOH, Ministry of Education (MOE), Ministry of Manpower (MOM), Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and MINDEF, is working to detect smuggling, and to protect our young people in schools, Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) and army camps. While I deeply wish this decisive move had come sooner to curb vaping's nasty spread, I am, nonetheless, grateful, for in matters of public health and safety, it is always better late than never.
This very success, which demonstrates what we can achieve when agencies work in concert, brings me to my next point, the critical importance of seamless coordination within our Government to truly serve our people.
We have come a long way since the famous \"fish ball stick issue\" was first raised in by then-backbencher Ms Low Yen Ling and mentioned by then-Prime Minister Mr Lee Hsien Loong during his National Day Rally in 2014. Today, Ms Low Yen Ling is a Senior Minister of State, and inter-agency coordination has undoubtedly improved. Yet, some stubborn challenges remain.
Let me share an example of the challenges we face in the fight against pest birds, whether they are pigeons, mynas, or crows.
Recently, Nanyang has seen more of such birds, and I believe many other parts of Singapore face the same issue. When I noticed people feeding birds, which technically counts as littering, I referred the matter to the National Environment Authority (NEA). But NEA explained that they only handle high-rise littering, such as when food is thrown from windows to feed the birds. On the issue of bird control, they told me it is not under their purview and referred me to the National Parks Board (NParks).
When I approached NParks, I was told that they mainly manage pigeons. For crows, they would request the Town Council to remove nests from trees. As for birds scavenging for food waste, responsibility depends on location. When the birds eat on the food waste in hawker centres, NEA steps in. If it happens at coffee shops, the Housing and Development Board (HDB) takes charge. If it happens at food courts in industrial estates, then JTC Corp is responsible – and the list goes on.
So, here is my question. If NParks is the main agency responsible for pest bird management, and this is clearly an island wide issue, would it not make sense for NParks to set up a taskforce with NEA, Town Councils, HDB, JTC and other relevant partners, so that efforts can be coordinated instead of fragmented? Surely, we should not need to escalate this, the fight against bird nuisance to our Defence Minister, who is also the Coordinating Minister for Public Services, to lead the war against bird nuisance.
Someone suggested we could consult ChatGPT. But, of course, ChatGPT or generative AI cannot chase away the birds for us. But it remains an important tool to help us tackle everyday challenges.
During my recent trip to China, I once again saw first-hand how technology is transforming daily life, from sophisticated self-driving functions in mass-market electric cars to simple voice commands that can open curtains or switch off lights in a modest three-star hotel, technology has touched everyone's lives.
What I witnessed shows us the true potential of AI. It can amplify human creativity, solve problems once thought impossible, and unlock entirely new levels of productivity. More than that, AI adoption creates new kinds of jobs, just like the rise of social media created opportunities for content creators and influencers. Yet, we must also acknowledge the very real concern that AI may displace jobs. As tasks become streamlined, some roles will inevitably be lost and this is where our greatest challenge and our deepest responsibility lie.
We must embrace technology but also ensure no one is left behind. We must not see displaced workers as collateral damage. They are our partners in this transition. Beyond the measures already introduced by the Government and our unions, I believe we can and must do more to support workers who may be displaced by generative AI adoption.
Firstly, we need to strengthen lifelong learning not just as a policy, but as a culture. Workers must feel empowered, not fearful, when faced with new technology. Instead of asking, \"Will AI take my job?\", we should encourage them to ask, \"How can I use AI to do my job better?\"
Secondly, let us look into community-based learning hubs. Just as we have libraries and community centres in every town, why not also create AI learning spaces, where residents, regardless of age or background, can get hands-on exposure to digital tools, guided by trainers and volunteers? This makes reskilling accessible at the heart of every neighbourhood.
Thirdly, we must build stronger partnerships with industry. Companies that adopt AI should not just think about profits and productivity. They should also take responsibility to retrain their workers, so that technology uplifts people rather than leaves them behind.
Finally, we should encourage and celebrate second careers. A displaced worker does not mean a discarded worker. With the right training, a driver today could become a remote controller of autonomous vehicles tomorrow; a cashier could become a digital customer service specialist; a technician could become an AI maintenance trainer. Each career transition is not an end, but a new beginning.
Mr Speaker, Sir, whether it is the fight against vaping, the nuisance of pest birds, or the disruption of AI, one lesson is clear. No challenge can be solved alone. Our strength lies in people working together: the Government, the unions, the businesses and communities. With unity and courage, we can turn every challenge into opportunity, protect every worker and ensure every Singaporean has a place in the future.
Mr Speaker: Mr Louis Chua.
Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis (Sengkang): Mr Speaker, as we mark SG60 this year, it is clear that Singapore has attained significant achievements by most standards – from third world to first, from mud flats to metropolis, as the Singapore story goes.
Today, Singapore stands as the world's fourth richest country by GDP per capita, around US$93,000, according to the International Monetary Fund's (IMF's) 2025 projections and ranks 26th globally by a total of GDP, notwithstanding our modest size, making us ASEAN's second largest economy, surpassing in Thailand which has a population exceeding 71 million.
We often label ourselves as a small country with limited resources, no hinterland of our own, but, perhaps, in this century, physical size and natural resources have become secondary. Singapore's population exceeds most of the top 10 GDP per capita countries and many of which do not enjoy abundant natural resources.
Africa's struggles with the resource curse reminds us that natural endowments are no guarantee of prosperity. I am sure everyone knows of Nvidia, now the world's most valuable company at more than US$4 trillion or roughly $5.5 trillion, yet it employs merely 36,000 workers. Consider instead, one of the largest palm oil plantation companies listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange, which employs over 100,000 workers and yet creates far less value with a market capital of about $4 billion.
Which model do we aspire towards? Human capital and financial resources now loom larger than natural endowments or physical space. According to a recent article from The Financial Times, they believe GIC could well be the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with assets worth somewhere between US$1 trillion and $2 trillion, a testament to Singapore's success in capital accumulation at the national level.
Yet the troubling paradox remains. According to ADP, 60% of Singaporeans are living paycheck to paycheck as of 2024, a figure that surpasses regional neighbours, like China, Korea, Japan, Indonesia. And why is the cost of living the top voter concern, according to the Institute of Policy Studies' (IPS') post-election survey, when we are supposedly one of the richest countries in the world? In our day-to-day interactions, we witness residents anxious about their financial security and seeking help through MPS.
Moreover, are Singaporeans truly happy and satisfied? Though ranked the world's third happiest city by the Institute for the Quality of Life in 2025, one cannot help but feel a healthy dose of scepticism as to whether this reflects the lived reality of most Singaporeans. Numerous surveys in recent years point to widespread workplace burnout. One in four primary school students experience bullying. And we see all these manifestations of anxieties and stress around us, from growing neighbour disputes and noise complaints, to road rage and superiors lashing out against junior employees. What gives?
Singapore's economy is at a crossroads. Economic growth, growing the pie has always been the Government's fundamental goal and the Deputy Prime Minister Gan Kim Yong recently affirmed that we should grow as much as we can, aiming for rates faster than the eventual 2% to 3% long-term target.
This is not wrong in principle. But we must now ask, is it more important to grow the pie or to grow most Singaporeans' share of the pie? President Tharman reminds us, \"The old playbook is no longer sufficient.\"
Yet, in the short term, much remains largely unchanged. On the capital front, the focus remains on attracting foreign direct investments (FDIs) to anchor multinational companies (MNCs) here. Singapore is still keen to continue incentivising MNCs, in spite of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) 2.0 and the global minimum tax. And with regulatory certainty and the rule of law in place in Singapore, as opposed to what we are seeing in other countries, including the US right now, I am sure there will be companies keen to locate themselves here.
On the labour front, again in this fractured world, there will be many who will want to call Singapore home. Non-resident employment growth continues to stay at elevated levels of 152,000 across 2023 and 2024, according to MOM statistics, reflecting both the demand and supply of non-resident labour. However, there are limits to growth by boosting capital and labour. The world's largest economy, the US, increasingly ties trade agreements to domestic investment for tariff reductions. How will global supply chains shift and will Singapore's economic relevance continue to endure in this new world order?
Meanwhile, Singapore's population has touched six million, raising questions: how much further can we drive economic growth through workforce expansion in one of most densely populated cities in the world? While the Government had anticipated for our population to remain well below the 6.9 million mentioned in the 2013 population White Paper, a 2% annual increase, which is the same rate as that of last year, would see us reach roughly 6.8 million by 2030; and at 1%, we would still hit 6.4 million.
So, Mr Speaker, I fully agree with our President that we need to urgently rethink our playbook. I acknowledge that we have been attempting to refresh our economic strategies and Singapore has never lacked taskforces or committees: the Economic Strategies Committee launched in 2009; the Committee on the Future Economy in 2016; which was followed by the Future Economy Council; Future Economy Advisory Panel; Industry Transformation Maps; then the Emerging Stronger Taskforce in 2020; and most recently, the Economic Strategy Review and Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce this year. Many even have multiple sub-committees.
However, if you take stock of where we are today, our economy remains very much driven by attracting global MNCs and capital. This is a model that has prevailed since Albert Winsemius advised Singapore in the 1960s. Looking at the share of value-add to the indigenous workforce and citizen-owned companies, this has declined from roughly 70% in the late 1980s, to 50% to 60% in the decade prior to 2015.
Unfortunately, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) shared, in response to my Parliamentary Question in 2022, that the Department of Statistics ceased indigenous GDP and gross national income (GNI) data compilation from 2011 and 2016, respectively, due to the perceived lack of public interest. But these numbers are crucial. The Yearbook of Statistics 2012 noted eloquently that Singapore's economic development depends heavily on foreign capital, foreign technology and foreign workers, with a large share of employee compensation and operating surplus accruing to foreigners and foreign enterprises. Per capital GNI, as conventionally defined on the residential basis, may not, therefore, reflect correctly the income accrued to Singaporeans. How then can we reverse this? How many homegrown Singapore firms have become global giants?
AI is the buzzword of the day, prompting reflection. You do not need huge physical space or underground natural resources. Mira Murati's Thinking Machines Lab is valued at US$12 billion, with just around 50 employees. Why do we not have our own open AI equivalent, despite Singaporean students having one of the best math and science scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), for decades? When local entrepreneurs succeed, many still choose overseas listings and foreign bases to access supportive ecosystems. This despite our financial hub status and acclaimed business friendliness.
Prime Minister Wong's Addendum to the President's Address highlights investing in productive capacity, ensuring stable tax, customs, regulatory environment and infrastructure investment. To me, these are necessary, but insufficient conditions. Because, as what President Tharman has said, \"Above all, we must foster an outgoing and experimental spirit among our enterprises and people.\"
In the near term, it is crucial to prevent a lost generation by securing jobs. Young graduates are justifiably anxious. AI-driven seniority-biased technological change may disproportionately impact juniors and entry-level positions. Grades is a good start, but full-time entry-level role creation must also be incentivised. For example, reintroducing the jobs growth incentive for fresh graduates. If GRaduate Industry Traineeships @ Gov (GRIT@Gov) mimic full-timer duties, then the Government should take the lead in levelling pay and benefits.
Long term, re-invigorating our workforce demands that our education system fosters critical thinking and independent learning, not rote memorisation. As Alvin Toffler wrote back in 1970, the illiterate of the future are not those who cannot read or write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and re-learn.
More pressing still is raising our total fertility rate (TFR), which slipped below one in 2023 and stayed low in 2024. Looking at our population pyramid, one might be forgiven for thinking we do not have an ageing population, thanks largely to immigration. We recently debated the Families Motion and without repeating myself, our low TFR remains an existential threat to Singapore and our identity.
President Tharman pledged, \"in this term, we will do more to help parents better manage their work and family commitments and work with stakeholders, such as employers and community partners to build a culture that celebrates and values families\".
Minister Indranee has said earlier that our marriage and parenthood policies are not incremental. But, perhaps, the most urgent task force we need now is one to tackle the critical challenge of our record-low TFR. Do we show the same resolve in tackling population as we do economic challenges? Because without enough Singaporeans, there will be no Singapore economy to speak of.
Ultimately, our greatest challenge, in my view, is how to refrain from rent-seeking or rent-maximisation behaviour as a society. To develop an entrepreneurial culture and let the thousand flowers bloom, we must encourage open-mindedness and diversity of ideas. More entrepreneurs mean more risk takers, but this also requires robust safety nets so Singaporeans can pursue entrepreneurial or vocational change without risking destitution.
We see rent-seeking across our society. Individuals buying investment properties, prompting Additional Buyer's Stamp Duty measures; companies prioritising property over their core business; even Government that focuses on maximising rents and nothing less than market value for land, lest it be seen as raiding the Reserves.
But such behaviour permeates every corner of the economy, raising costs. We must set the right tone at the top.
Policy should not inevitably reward the highest bidder at the expense of wider societal outcomes. I am encouraged that there are initiatives for more price quality tenders downstream; and as a matter of policy, whether it is for general practitioner (GP) clinics or hawker stalls, we need to move away from simply awarding sites based on the highest price alone.
I agree with Minister Ong Ye Kung in his response to the $52,000 monthly rental bid for a GP clinic at an HDB estate, where he shared that this must translate to higher cost of healthcare one way or another; and that the higher rental bids do not necessarily translate to the best healthcare that the community needs. Upstream, however, we must go further. State land forms part of our Reserves, but excessive land prices push up development costs and rents, impacting tenants and consumers.
As a local C-suite member of one of Asia's largest real estate groups recently shared, in Singapore, land costs now form roughly 70% of total project development expenditure, up from just 4% in the 1980s when Raffles City was built. These costs inadvertently get passed down and perhaps, it is time to consider reviving the two envelope or concept and price land tenders, focusing on desired developmental outcomes beyond just the highest bids. Mr Speaker, allow me to say a few words in Mandarin.
(In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] The 15th Parliament convenes at a critical juncture and we have a long road ahead. The nation faces severe challenges: geopolitics, the rivalry between the US and China, trade wars, and the revolutionary changes brought by AI will all test the collective wisdom and resilience of Singaporeans.
The President spoke passionately, emphasising unity, trust, a “we first” society . I believe that the spirit of unity and “we first” Singapore does not mean everyone speaking with one voice, but rather, that we can address issues by exchanging different opinions with a rational and open attitude. The Workers' Party (WP) Members of Parliament (MPs) have always been a minority in Parliament. However, I believe that the presence of WP MPs can demonstrate the value of diverse voices and better embody the “we first” Singapore spirit mentioned by the President and Prime Minister.
Especially in the coming five years, the variables in the international situation and the transformation of the global economy will become increasingly rapid. How to pool collective wisdom to respond to drastic changes is homework we must do. Therefore, I hope the Government can listen to different views from Singaporeans with an objective, rational and open attitude.
From a policy-making perspective, some core issues are interconnected, for example, the various problems brought by AI and economic transformation. The Prime Minister mentioned that Singapore should embrace AI to improve productivity and create new employment opportunities. We agree that AI and new technologies can indeed help enterprises improve efficiency and drive innovation but, at the same time, we must also see that it will permanently change the employment environment. If we do not prepare in time, many Singaporeans will be left behind.
To ensure that no one is left behind, we must strengthen employment stabilisation policies in the short term and encourage the public sector and private enterprises to increase employment opportunities. At the same time, WP also calls on the Government to strengthen the social safety net to respond to the impact brought by AI.
Most crucially, in the age of AI, education should not just be for examinations but should prepare people for life. We need to align education with economic needs and help students develop important soft skills. These human qualities cannot be replaced by AI and are essential for future social and economic development.
In summary, Mr Speaker, a “we first” society also requires us to uphold the principle that collective interests take precedence over individual interests. However, unity cannot be built on inequality. When the nation achieves success but many citizens still feel forgotten, trust becomes difficult to maintain. We need not just economic growth but also inclusive growth that ensures every Singaporean can share in the nation's future. The true measure of our success lies not in GDP rankings or the size of sovereign wealth funds but in whether young Singaporean couples can afford to start families, whether our elderly can retire with dignity and whether our children are willing to call this island home.
Mr Speaker: Ms Joan Pereira.
Ms Joan Pereira (Tanjong Pagar): Mr Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion of Thanks to the President for his Address and the measures in the Addenda announced by the various Ministries to take Singapore forward in an increasingly uncertain and turbulent world with a changing world order.
I am heartened by how our people and the Government have been working hand in hand to overcome the numerous waves of challenges pounding our shores. They emanate from continents far from our island – economic upheavals, armed conflicts, technology changes – yet, they have significant impact on our everyday lives.
On the one hand, I am confident of our ability to catch some of these waves to survive and thrive. On the other hand, let us never forget the need to protect the vulnerable amongst us and prevent these powerful waves from sweeping them under.
I am cognisant of the immense responsibility that my residents and fellow Singaporeans have entrusted me with. I applaud the great progress that we have made so far together to address some of the issues faced by our vulnerable groups. But our work is far from done and that is why I continue to champion change that will benefit Singaporeans and my residents and keep our country going in this new reality.
MPs play an important role to help the Government to continue to review the effectiveness of our policies on the ground. Where necessary, we must be willing to recalibrate and make improvements to narrow the gaps and plug any loophole. Let us never forget that spirit of sensible policy-making and pragmatic government administration that has been a hallmark of Singapore's success.
Sometimes, the solutions can be deceptively simple and I would like to call upon us all, the people, private and public sectors, to be daring to raise practical and smart solutions, and our policy-makers to listen to good ideas from our people. This is how we stay united as a nation, by caring and looking out for one another. It is worth reminding ourselves that we are only as strong as our weakest link and the tides of change must not leave anyone behind.
I am assured and heartened by the commitments made by the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) in its Addendum to the President's address. I support the suite of enhanced and new measures to help our families cope during this challenging period. I support the enhanced employment support and opportunities for lifelong education for lower-income families and persons with disabilities (PwDs). Reviews and updates of ComCare assistance and payouts, and Family Services are timely. I welcome the introduction of a new Domestic Violence Act and the commencement of the Mental Capacity Act review, just to name a few.
Our social and healthcare workers play an essential and critical role in ensuring that appropriate help and care is provided in a timely manner. This was best demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, but now that we have moved on from that crisis, it does not mean that we forget their roles and contributions.
In fact, I would like to urge the Government to consider dedicating more resources to our social care sector, in view of the needs arising from our rapidly ageing population, as our population pyramid starts to invert amid shrinking family sizes and changing social norms.
Our social care workers are professionals and they must be treated as such. They need to be equipped with more support and resources in order to achieve better outcomes for their clients. Much research worldwide over the last two decades have resulted in new findings in this field and we can tap on these to provide constant professional upgrading so that they can be even more effective.
In addition, we should elevate and accord better recognition of and compensation for their work. Due to the nature of their jobs, burnout and attrition rates are high. Their heart work is hard work. We have to do more to better retain our existing talent pool of social workers, while attracting new blood to boost our ability to care for our people. Foreign workers do help to fill many of the gaps, but let us not end up as a country that relies too heavily on others to take care of our very own.
Singapore is rapidly ageing. Our silver tide is here. We must accelerate efforts to strengthen community-based eldercare, expanding Active Ageing Centres, daycare facilities and home-based support services. These not only enable our seniors to age-in-place, with dignity and autonomy, but also reduce pressure on families.
Caregiving, often performed by middle-aged adults juggling work and family, must also be better supported. Caregivers want to be able to care for their families, but they also have their own dreams and aspirations. All too often, I have met residents who have had to sacrifice their careers to look after their loved ones. Indeed, they have chosen to do so out of love, and we need to celebrate that and provide them with better support. The toll that they experience goes beyond the physical and it is quite common that their mental well-being is also at risk.
I urge the Government to consider enhanced caregiver leave, more accessible respite services and financial assistance tailored to caregiver households. Our seniors are not a burden; they are a blessing. Let us honour their contributions not just in words but through concrete policies that uphold their well-being as well as that of their loved ones.
We have to double down on our efforts to support families holistically, so that they can remain strong and resilient in the face of change. For families under duress, our social care workers need to be empowered to coordinate with partners, such as mental and physical healthcare professionals, financial counsellors, schools, eldercare centres and so on.
Sir, poverty in Singapore may be less visible, but we still have families struggling even for basic provisions, including food. Families living in rental flats, often headed by single parents or elderly caregivers, face daily struggles. For children in these households, we must do more to ensure their well-being and that they can access healthcare, nutritious food and be able to focus on their education.
We must intervene early and effectively. Programmes like KidSTART are commendable and we need to go further in scaling them up, with holistic support for families – not just for children, but also for parents. Empower them with good parenting skills, stable employment, access to mentoring and even overcoming addictions, such as to vaping, alcohol and even drugs.
Sir, we have watched with horror how divisive many countries overseas have become, splintering along racial and religious lines, and increasingly along the lines of immigration and social economic backgrounds. There are heightened tensions between established resident communities and new arrivals, and distrust between the rich and the poor, manifesting in rallies, riots and violence. Almost daily, we see alarming images of looting, burning vehicles and buildings, and people attacking each other on television and social media.
Social harmony did not happen by chance. It is the result of careful stewardship, addressing root causes of problems as soon as they surface, building mutual respect and reaching the national consensus to agree to engage in difficult conversations, even over sensitive topics.
Yet in today's digital age, we face new threats, from misinformation, polarisation and imported ideologies that can erode trust and amplify division. How can we build unity in diversity? Inter-faith platforms like the Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles (IRCCs) must be re-energised for a new generation. Many of our youths that I met have good questions and think about such issues very seriously. Let us support engagements for deeper, ongoing conversations about faith, tradition and coexistence, especially among our youths.
Civic education in schools should place greater emphasis on empathetic understanding of different faiths and worldviews. We must move beyond mere tolerance, to deepen our mutual understanding, appreciation and respect.
Strong communities are not built by governments alone. They exist when neighbours look out for one another, when residents take ownership of shared spaces and when there is deep trust among people, in our institutions and in our leadership. We must also support faith and community leaders who work quietly to build bridges. Our bridge-builders must be seen, supported and safeguarded against threats.
Our Community Development Councils (CDCs), Social Service Offices (SSOs) and grassroots organisations must continue to be strongly supported to work closely with ground-up groups and volunteers. Policies must enable not only professional help, but also \"kampung\"-style initiatives and mutual aid.
One example where multiple stakeholders came together to try to solve a long-running problem is the Skyville@Dawson sky gardens. For years, residents have been putting up with the disamenities of noisy and inconsiderate visitors who litter, smoke, urinate and cause disturbances even in the wee hours. Volunteers, despite feeling burnout, continue with patrols, even as we continue to engage with HDB, the Town Council, Residents' Committees, NEA, the Police and other Government agencies. Unfortunately, the disamenities continued and we sought to present alternative solutions which have been proven effective in other sky gardens, such as the Pinnacle @ Duxton. When problems remain unsolved and proposals are not accepted, it is not surprising for my residents to feel disappointed.
You may recall that in 2022, I moved an Adjournment Motion in this very House to explore solutions on how we can better manage our common spaces in housing estates. I will not hesitate to speak up for my residents if I feel that more can be done.
Securing Singapore's future lies not in grand slogans, but as our President put it, in everyday deeds and action, like little acts of kindness; helping an elderly neighbour with groceries; guiding a child in need; and lending a hand in crisis. These are the encounters that strengthen our social compact and build a \"we first\" society.
In closing, allow me to reiterate our first principles. To build a united and resilient Singapore, we have to be inclusive and caring, respectful of differences in diversity and united in core values. Every child who falls through the cracks, every elderly person who dies alone, every caregiver who burns out is a reminder of work yet to be done. Similarly, every neighbour who helps another, every volunteer who steps forward, every employer who provides a second chance, is a sign of the better Singapore that we are building together. Sir, in Mandarin.
(In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Mr Speaker, securing Singapore's future lies not in grand slogans, but as our President puts it, in everyday deeds and actions, like little acts of kindness: helping an elderly neighbour with groceries; guiding a child in need; and lending a hand in crisis. These are encounters that strengthen our social compact and build a \"we first\" society.
In closing, allow me to reiterate our first principles. To build a united and resilient Singapore, we have to be inclusive and caring, respectful of differences in diversity and be united in core values. Every child who falls through the cracks, every elderly person who dies alone, every caregiver who burns out, is a reminder of work that is yet to be done. Similarly, every neighbour who helps another, every volunteer who steps forward, every employer who provides a second chance, is a sign of the better Singapore that we are building together.
Mr Speaker: Mr Andre Low.
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre (Non-Constituency Member): Mr Speaker, the world has fundamentally changed. It is a new world fraught with peril, but awash with opportunity, one that needs a new strategy to not just survive the challenges ahead, but to thrive despite them, a strategy built on security, investment and trust in our people.
Two great forces define our current moment: the great re-ordering of global power and the AI revolution transforming how we work. Together, they represent a convergence of challenges that invite a rethinking of how we approach governance and policy.
The World Economic Forum projects that 22% of jobs will undergo structural change by 2030. This is not some distant threat. It is a near-term reality already reshaping our economy. But this AI wave is fundamentally different from previous technological revolutions. Where past disruptions primarily hit the factory floor, this one targets the boardroom, the artists' studio, the claims desk. From administrative assistants to software developers, from graphic designers to even chief executives, AI capabilities can now match many tasks performed by these workers.
In Singapore, this threat is amplified by our unique economic structure. Nearly two-thirds of our workforce are professionals, managers, executives and technicians (PMETs), precisely the demographic most exposed to AI displacement. Some of us call this the knowledge economy. Researchers from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) believe 60% of jobs in advanced economies will face AI exposure. But for Singapore, given our economic make-up, this figure is probably higher still. Half of these jobs could benefit from AI integration, boosting productivity and wages. But the IMF thinks that the other half face automation, creating downward pressure on wages and hiring in these sectors.
Singapore's success to-date comes from world-class execution of a sound playbook. But as we chart the course for tomorrow, we must question if yesterday's maps are still adequate for these new waters.
Mr Speaker, I acknowledge the Government's and Prime Minister's focus on assurance and cost of living. I agree with the diagnosis, but temporary reliefs are insufficient for the systemic challenges ahead. In an era of AI-driven disruption, we should acknowledge that our existing social safety nets are ill-equipped for the scale of the change ahead. A stronger, permanent foundation of security is required, and this is not charity, but is the cornerstone of national competitiveness.
The impact of this AI revolution can already be felt. Recent surveys of US employers showed 25% of AI users expected to hire fewer workers in the next six months, versus just 10% who intended to hire more. We can already see the same early warnings here in Singapore. Younger workers, lacking the tacit knowledge that accumulates with experience, are particularly vulnerable to task replacement from AI. This is not a hypothetical disruption. After my party colleague Eileen and I put out a call for feedback a couple of months ago, we have heard from many young Singaporeans who have shared their stories about struggling to start their careers, struggling with the job search as well as underemployment concerns.
So, the first pillar of our new foundation must be redundancy insurance for the AI age, not merely jobseeker support, but a comprehensive scheme designed for workers facing the reality of career churn in the digital economy – 40% of last drawn salary, capped at 40% of Singapore's prevailing median income, for up to six months. The scheme will be funded by small equal contributions from employers and employees amounting to 0.1% of your monthly salary. To put that in perspective, for a median income earner, that is just over $5 a month, and only half of that is paid for by the worker. This creates a true safety net that catches everyone, one that gives workers the confidence to explore new opportunities rather than clinging desperately to dying industries.
This represents a profound shift in how we should think about support for the unemployed. In the AI age, career transitions will become the new normal, not the exception. Workers need the security to retrain, to upskill, to reinvent themselves without the spectre of destitution haunting their choices.
Housing security must also evolve to acknowledge changing aspirations and economic realities. Build-To-Order (BTO) prices should be pegged to a house price-to-income ratio of three for first-time applicants. We should offer 70-year lease options at lower prices for those who prefer affordability over asset appreciation. The BTO access age for singles should be lowered to 28 and grants should be equalised for single parents who face unique challenges in building stable homes.
Housing is not merely shelter. It is dignity, stability and the foundation upon which families build their futures. As someone who has navigated this journey myself recently, I know the anxieties many young Singaporeans face. When we cannot settle into our first homes until our 30s, we are denied the chance to put down roots, to plan for families and to contribute fully to society's fabric.
Just as a home provides foundational stability for the family, our economy also requires its own form of security. Platform work has emerged as the primary economic buffer for this era, offering a crucial bridge for those transitioning between traditional jobs. The Platform Workers Act is a commendable first step to shore up this vital buffer. But it stops short of addressing algorithmic management, the digital boss that controls every aspect of the platform worker's existence.
Concerns about a \"digital boss\" are not new, but the AI revolution brings renewed urgency. These black-box algorithms determine job allocation, pricing, performance evaluation and even disciplinary action. Recent advances mean that they could become supercharged, rendering them even more powerful and even more inscrutable than before. Workers deserve to know when AI systems had made decisions about their lives and livelihoods, and they also deserve the right to human review as a fundamental backstop. We cannot allow the digital economy to become a digital dystopia where human dignity is sacrificed on the altar of algorithmic efficiency.
The freedom to explore and chase one's dreams should not be the exclusive playground of the bold or the privileged. By strengthening our foundation of security, every Singaporean will have the licence to try new things because should you fail, you will not have too far to fall.
But Mr Speaker, a strong foundation of security is only the first step. To truly thrive, we must build upon it. This brings me to the second pillar of our strategy: investment in our people.
The Government has rightly focused its efforts here through SkillsFuture and recent updates like the SkillsFuture Level-Up Programme for mid-career workers are positive developments. The ambition is correct. But for all the good intentions, there remains a persistent disconnect, a \"last mile disconnect\" between training and employment.
Many workers still see SkillsFuture as a supermarket of courses, a system that provides plenty of choice but sometimes lacks clear pathways to career advancement. We hear from those who have diligently completed courses, only to find their new certificates hold little currency with employers who still prioritise degrees, certificates and linear work experiences. This is the paradox of our current system. We have built a comprehensive architecture for upskilling, but we have not yet solved the problem of market recognition.
The challenge, therefore, is one of pace and integration. Last year, the former Minister for Education articulated a vision for stackable micro-credentials and cross-recognition between our IHLs. We must accelerate this vision.
To start with, as we continue to push the IHLs to grow their micro-credential offerings, the existing careers and skills passport should evolve from a simple certificate library into a dynamic, living credential, a system where micro-credentials from any IHL can be seamlessly stacked over time, allowing adult learners to build towards a formal, credible qualification awarded by one of the universities or other IHLs. Backed up by the collective reputations of our renowned institutions, this would go a long way to bridging the disconnect between adult learners and employers. This acknowledges the busy, unpredictable reality of adult life and provides a flexible pathway for all Singaporeans to stay relevant.
Secondly, we must address the skills gap afflicting our fresh graduates. We possess world-class universities, but we hear of a persistent concern from both employers and graduates themselves, a gap between academic excellence on the one hand and the practical skills that are needed in a modern workplace.
Our polytechnics and the Singapore Institute of Technology have proven the value of structured work-integrated learning as a core part of the tertiary curriculum. Given this success, we should push for work-integrated learning to be the norm for as many tertiary students as possible, ensuring our graduates enter the workforce ready to contribute from day one. A targeted grant to help our local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) offset the costs of providing such placements could be a powerful catalyst. But crucially, payouts should be structured to incentivise retention and discourage exploitation. This ensures our graduates enter the workforce with the practical, real-world skills that the AI age demands.
Finally, as we pursue our national AI strategy, we must also ensure its benefits are democratised. SMEs should continue to receive assistance to adopt AI tools and AI literacy should be woven into our school curriculum. Students should be encouraged to command it as a creative and analytical tool. SkillsFuture credits should also be allowed to cover subscriptions to AI assistants and tools, ensuring that all Singaporean workers, regardless of their means, are able to utilise the latest and best tools to enhance their own productivity.
But above all, we must continue to be vigilant to ensure AI serves our workers, not replaces them. In an age of AI, our people's ability to learn, adapt and apply knowledge quickly is our single greatest competitive advantage. The right investments in our people will ensure that AI's promise translates into better wages and better jobs, not just higher profits for shareholders.
Yet, even the best-laid plans for security and the most ambitious investments in our people will fall short if they are not built on a foundation of mutual respect and this requires the final and perhaps, most crucial pillar of our strategy: trust.
Mr Speaker, I welcome the President's focus on trust as a national priority, but we must be more courageous in our definition of what trust means in a mature democracy.
To truly thrive, trust in Singapore must become a two-way street. We have long been asked to trust the Government's judgement, wisdom and intentions. In this new era, the Government must also learn to trust its people with information, with genuine dialogue and with the fundamental dignity of participation.
Trust is demonstrated through transparency in governance and that is why the WP has called for a Freedom of Information Act which shows that we trust citizens with the information necessary to hold the Government accountable. When the Government holds data that could inform public debate, it should be shared. When policies are formulated based on evidence, that evidence should be accessible to scrutiny.
Trust is also demonstrated through genuine dialogue rather than managed consultation. Defending robust debate shows we trust the wisdom of our people to engage with complex issues and reach sound judgments. The current Parliamentary committee system, while useful, lacks the teeth necessary for true legislative scrutiny. The WP again calls for establishing Standing Select Committees for each Ministry, with MPs from all parties properly resourced to provide meaningful oversight. The Government should share information openly with these committees and not jealously guard it as proprietary knowledge.
But the deepest trust of all is demonstrated through permissive discourse. When differences of opinion are tolerated – nay, celebrated – in our society, in civil discourse, in the media, in politics. It is why we believe that when disputes over facts arise in our public square, our independent courts and judges should have oversight on what is, or is not, a falsehood. Trust is, after all, a two-way street.
Mr Speaker, the Prime Minister has spoken of the need for us to be a \"we first\" society. It is a call we can all get behind. But as we heed this call, it is our duty in this House to give the vision meaning for the people we serve. So, if by \"we first\", the Prime Minister means a secure Singapore where every family has an affordable home and a robust safety net to catch them when they fall, then we are on the same page; and if by \"we first\", he means investing deeply in the skills and boundless creativity of every Singaporean, then we can work together; and if by \"we first\", he means trusting our people with the freedom to explore, create and find their own path, then we can take heart. These three pillars – security, investment and trust – form the foundation of a strategy for a thriving people. A compass for our next chapter and a promise about the society we can become. Mr Speaker, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker: Minister of State Goh Pei Ming.
The Minister of State for Home Affairs, and Social and Family Development (Mr Goh Pei Ming): Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. As one of the younger new political office holders in this House, allow me first to share my thanks, for what my generation has received. Then, Mr Speaker, amid the many challenges that Singapore faces, I would like to speak about our children and their childhood, and offer some suggestions on how we can help our next generation thrive.
I grew up in the 1980s and 1990s in a simple HDB flat in Bedok. Studying was important, but my fondest memories were from playing football during recess, going to the nearby playground and wandering around Bedok Town Centre shops and the library. A simple childhood, a heartland experience, like most Singaporeans. And I am grateful for what I had, for it shaped me into who I am today. My generation grew up proud of Singapore. Proud that our small country was able to punch above her weight as one of the four \"Asian Tigers\", proud that we stayed principled and resisted external pressures, proud that we were bold and planned long term.
We owe gratitude to our grandparents and our parents whose hard work and strong values enabled them to overcome tough cycles of retrenchment, global conflicts and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, so that we all can have a much better life than they ever did. Now, it is our turn to take on the mantle, to navigate through the dark clouds, to support and take care of our seniors and to raise our children well to become future leaders of Singapore. And if I may add, on a more personal note, it is precisely my heartland upbringing and my pride in Singapore that has kept me committed to serving in the SAF for many years as well as in the community as a grassroots leader through the past two decades; and now, to do even more, as I take this step into politics.
Just as our Pioneers had their challenges, my generation, our generation, will have ours to confront as well. As a nation we have no lack of issues to think about in our next lap. In a world of rapid change, geopolitical situations, climate change, intense economic competition, the opportunities and challenges that AI brings, the dominance of tech and mobile devices, the explosion of choices that face us all will be even more daunting for young minds. It is, therefore, our responsibility to help them thrive and we have to do as well as we possibly can. Singapore is already one of the best places for our children to grow up in, with a high-quality of life, safe and secure environment, excellent healthcare and schools. But with new uncertainties ahead of us, we need to ensure our next generation is ready to brave it and resilient enough to stay ahead.
We must help our young people develop in the right way, to shift from “what to think and do”, to “how to think and do”. So that they have the confidence and curiosity to navigate those winds of change. So that they develop the critical thinking for them to discern what’s right and what is wrong for them to possess the grit and perseverance to keep pushing when the going gets tough and to have the resilience to get up when they fall. To do so, we, as a nation, need to change the way we raise our children and that begins with changing our mindsets. Amongst all the shifts that we need to make, sometimes changing mindsets is the hardest. But just like how our grandfathers and fathers have prepared us well for today’s challenges, it is now for us, our generation to prepare our children for their future.
We all want our children to get the best possible start in life and the good thing is, many parents today already send their children to preschool, although starting ages differ. Our data shows that children who start preschool at three years old do better in primary school and, in fact, the benefits continue long afterwards. Children develop better and learn better, with preschool. So, I strongly encourage all parents to start your children in preschool early. Of course, parents need to be able to identify and secure a good preschool, especially if both parents are at work.
As a parent myself, I care deeply about my children’s education. Eight years ago, when choosing a preschool for my first-born, there was no vacancy in any of the nearby Government-supported preschools. Fast forward to today, as the Minister of State overseeing the preschool sector, I am glad to learn that our Government-supported centres can meet 80% of our population’s needs. This leaves options for some Singaporeans to pursue private centres. Furthermore, our early childhood educators, our teachers, are well qualified and committed. Preschool fees have also come down and we must continue to do better; and we will.
I had a chat recently with a young couple. Marine Parade is a mature estate, but we do have our fair share of young parents. They grew up in the East, like myself. They are happy, living and starting a family in Marine Parade. Even though they did start the conversation by telling me that they were disappointed they did not get to vote in the recent General Election. But it was a good reminder to me to never take our residents’ trust for granted. They subsequently went on to share their concerns about the academic pressures that their young child already faces. I want to make the point that the best start in life is not about pushing learning earlier. It is not about studying ahead of the school curriculum, and it is not about outdoing their peers academically. Growing up, I recall friends around me being drilled in abacus classes to help with their math and there are many more examples like that.
Do not get me wrong. Our children must develop and must have good numeracy and literacy skills, because it is important in life to go on. But I think Singapore as a country, we are already doing well in these areas. The way to give our children the best start in life, is to build them up well, to make sure they have a proper childhood. A childhood rich with opportunities to develop important values that will help them to become inventive, resilient and flexible. A childhood where they truly learn to be a good person, as opposed to just being academically clever.
When you are a young child, the most powerful lessons, the most powerful learning, comes not from books, not from tuition centres, but from experiences. Our children need a childhood where they can enjoy the freedom to explore and learn from their own experiences because that is how they learn best. I learnt about a butterfly’s life cycle from keeping a caterpillar. I was pretty good at playing marbles and that helped me quickly understand Newton’s Laws on Action and Reaction, many years later. It was my own experimentation and playful experience that taught me these powerful lessons and more.
Our children need such experiences to grow their curiosity for a lifetime of learning. Bring them out to our parks and playgrounds, they need to learn through doing and experiencing for themselves. Let the world be their classroom. But child development is not just about intentional learning experiences. There is much to learn through play, unstructured play. Increasingly, research shows that play enhances our children’s brain development. New neural pathways are formed when children play. These lay important foundations for problem solving, creativity and emotional regulation. There are important lessons from play that every child deserves. From playing five stones and zero-point, my generation honed our hand-eye, leg-eye coordination and learnt how to focus and persevere. From falling from a swing, we learnt about resilience. It is not how we fall, but how we get up and swing faster and higher. From the pain of blisters that came from playing football barefoot, we learnt about consequences and how to keep ourselves safe in the future.
Yet in our effort to want to keep our children safe, we sometimes deprive them of these lessons. While we ironically overprotect, in the real world; we may have under-protected, in the virtual world, allowing our children to indulge in their devices. After MOH’s advice on screen time for young children, parents are anxious. Parents say it is not easy to pull back on those devices. My own child will also argue with me that digital play is also a form of play. While that is true, the constant sensory stimulation releases dopamine. Not a bad thing in controlled quantities, but when done in excess, its effects are no different from gambling and substance abuse.
So, what can we do? We can do more to support our families to dial back on screen use. Not sudden, total withdrawal, but progressive changes. For a start, one simple change is to devote more time and energy to interacting with our children face-to-face and listening to them. Rebalance away from tuition centres, away from devices and cater more time for play.
Yes, it might mean sacrificing some peace and rest for us caregivers, but nothing beats spending quality family time together. And for those of us who need to work long hours to make ends meet, our communities and our schools can do more to engage our children meaningfully.
Finally, our children need to learn from and interact with other children; and from there, they can grow to become more communicative, more caring and more emotionally balanced. Growing up, I recall playing many variations of catching, at the playground, in the void decks, what the catcher can and cannot do. We made up our own rules and played by them. We learnt to convince, to negotiate, to compromise. We learnt how to share. We can be playing football and basketball on opposite ends of the same court. Through it all, more importantly, we found ourselves friends, best friends, friends that we can reliably call upon later in life. Friends that ChatGPT can never replace.
An article I read on World Suicide Prevention Day a couple of weeks ago, emphasised how important friends are in helping us navigate the stresses and storms of life. Through supporting one another, our children can learn about care, about compassion, about empathy. These are important in building a \"we first\" society. So, let us help families rebalance – more real time, less screen time; more play, less pressure; more emotional intelligence, not just artificial intelligence and give space for our children to learn how to learn, because when learning is fun, it becomes its own destination, rather than a means to live up to an adult's expectations.
As parents, our children look to us and what we emphasise and define as success influences them too. Is a child successful only because of straight \"As\" and a delightful co-curricular activities (CCA) record? As adults, how do we measure our own success? Is it only about our job titles and salaries? Is it about what vacations we take and what car we drive, if we drive?
Comparison is the thief of joy and in this age of social media, it is easy to feel that we pale, in comparison, to others. But social media is not an accurate reflection of most people's lives. Many of us will curate and share only the best and the most positive aspects of our life, while filtering out the mundane or the natural realities of everyday.
So, I want to encourage Singaporeans with this. Let us define our own success, our own sense of meaning, of purpose and this is how we can pursue our own dreams and our passions. Perhaps, the \"kiasu\" spirit is ingrained in all of us. Perhaps, this sense of exceptionalism is what got us this far in the first place. But let us channel this competitiveness more positively, away from rigid definitions of success, towards self-improvement, not for the purpose of outdoing others, but to become better versions of ourselves.
Mr Speaker, amid the many challenges that Singapore faces, I chose to speak about our children and their childhoods. Let me cite a quote that sums this up quite nicely: \"I would give wings to children, but I would leave it to them to learn how to fly by themselves\".
I would like to leave this House with one final image. The world sometimes calls parents \"tiger moms\". It is my hope that we become better known as \"mommy bears\" instead. I use \"moms\" and \"mommy\" carefully because that is how these phrases are coined, but it includes all the fathers, myself included.
Why mommy bears? Mommy bears are nurturing and warm, and very cuddly too. Mommy bears raise their cubs to be independent, to be able to survive, to hunt and to be able to explore on their own. Mommy bears allow their cubs to stumble, because that is how they learn and become more resilient. But when danger comes, mommy bears will defend their cubs ferociously.
This is the mindset change we need, from \"tiger\" parents to \"bear\" parents or, if I may call, \"Bear-rents\". If we do this, then our next generation will not only be able to face the future but also shape it with confidence, resilience and heart. Mr Speaker, Sir, in Mandarin, please.
(In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Mr Speaker, hon MPs, good afternoon. It is my great honour to speak here today and I am deeply aware of the weight of this responsibility.
As a member of the younger generation, I want to thank our parents and grandparents for their hard work and dedication. They have weathered economic fluctuations, regional instability and the trials of the pandemic. Through their relentless efforts and perseverance, they have given us a better life. Here, I would like to say “thank you”!
The responsibility of building and safeguarding Singapore has fallen upon our shoulders. We must learn from the good examples set by the previous generation, and prepare for the future, planning ahead for the next generation. The future is full of uncertainties: geopolitical situations, climate change, artificial intelligence and the impact of the digital world will all bring new challenges. Singapore is one of the best places in the world for children to grow up but we cannot become complacent because of this.
We must help our children build confidence and curiosity – learn to think and make judgements – whilst cultivating resilience and tenacity, so that they can face future storms with composure. This requires us as parents to change our mindset. Academic results are certainly important, but they cannot be the only goal. What is truly crucial is giving children a proper and meaningful childhood.
Children should have the freedom to explore and play, to learn creativity and resilience through trying and falling. Research also shows that free play promotes brain development, laying the foundation for problem-solving and emotional regulation. At the same time, we must pay attention to the influence of the digital world. Many parents worry about their children becoming addicted to screens. I myself am often \"persuaded\" by my children to treat online gaming as a form of play. But excessive use can easily lead to dependency. We should gradually reduce screen time, replacing it with more face-to-face interaction and high-quality companionship.
Children also need to interact with their peers, learning empathy and care through communication, collaboration, and sharing. These values cannot be replaced by textbooks and tuition classes, but they are key to building a “we first” society.
Parents have a profound influence on their children. We need to rethink the definition of \"success\". Success is not just about grades, positions or wealth, but whether one can find direction and meaning in life. We should guide our children to pursue growth, not merely materialistic achievements.
Finally, let me conclude with an analogy: society often calls parents with high expectations \"tiger parents\", but I hope that Singapore's parents can become known as \"bear parents”. Bears are warm and caring, they protect their cubs, but they also let the little bears explore independently, learning to stand up on their own after falling. Only in this way can children become truly resilient.
Let us work together to cultivate the next generation's character of confidence, resilience and compassion, so that they can not only respond to the future, but also shape it.
(In English): Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion. [Applause.]
Mr Speaker: Ms Denise Phua.
Ms Denise Phua Lay Peng (Jalan Besar): I rise to support the Motion of Thanks for President Tharman's address. My topic today is moving our society from fear to hope. But first, let us acknowledge the fears of our time.
At work, many of us worry: will technology especially AI threaten our jobs? Will it displace more jobs than it creates? Will we be qualified for the new \"good\" jobs? What happens to those who cannot catch up – some of the elderly, the disabled and those who are less skilled?
As a small nation, our survival depends on global stability and open trade – the rule of law. But what now, as these foundations weaken? As we live longer, will our savings last? For households already stretched, how will they endure the next disruption?
At home, the questions get more personal. What if my child does not do well in the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE)? Who will care for my ageing parents? Will our children have the same, or better, opportunities? Parents of children with disabilities ask: who will care and provide for them when we are gone?
These fears are not weaknesses. They are signs that we care deeply for our future and the home we have built. They mean we are invested and not ready to quit.
We can let these fears turn us inwards, making us suspicious of change and leading to paralysis or blame, or we can choose a different path. We can choose, as spiritual thinker Henri Nouwen urged, to move from fear to hope.
We must not let the world set our agenda. We must decide as a people. What questions do we want to answer? What values will guide us? Our shared destiny surely must be built on our shared values.
A central part of this is AI. How do we turn collective anxiety into collective agency and how do we build the bridge from fear to hope? Sir, allow me to propose three steps we can take: one, ensure that AI serves humanity and not the other way around; two, update our social and financial safety nets for this new age; and three, supercharge a culture of lifelong learning.
First, to ensure AI serves humanity and not the other way around. The sword of AI is double-edged. There is no denying the breathtaking opportunities it presents. Yet, we must also confront the risks with equal honesty. Automation is already displacing routine-intense jobs. I know this because I am always looking for jobs for some of our disabled and elderly. AI is also hollowing our middle skills and creating barriers for those less digitally-literate.
Today, this exclusion is starkly visible in Singapore. We see it as Neighbourhood Police Posts are shuttered and replaced with digital kiosks. We see it as services in public and private sectors close their customer-facing counters, forcing transactions online, leaving the less digitally-literate to find their own way. I was recently told by a healthcare worker, a volunteer of mine, that medical follow-ups must now be booked exclusively through an app. For many, this is not convenience; it is a barrier.
In our economy, this fracture manifests in the rapid automation of routine jobs, leaving behind seniors and persons with disabilities who struggle to navigate a world increasingly alien to them. The Government can and must lead this mission with compassion and foresight.
Technological revolution is not new. It is a constant of human progress, in every generation. But every such revolution risks marginalising a segment of the population. But as a Government, we do not have to decide that it is just too bad for them. We can set our own agenda, based on our value of inclusive progress, to always put aside a buffer resource for Singaporeans who are in that transitionary generation.
We can intentionally: one, fund human-centric services, maintaining in-person assistance when it is needed – phone hotlines and even printed CDC vouchers, as long as there are citizens in our midst who cannot catch up. These measures are not regressive. They are a vital lifeline of inclusion, especially in essential services like healthcare, security, transport, legal and so forth. And two, we should mandate inclusive design, require that every public-sector AI system complies with the highest accessibility standards. I saw the Government Technology Agency (GovTech) doing that as there was an exhibition at the hall, in Parliament last year. We can adopt universal design at the start and not as an afterthought.
I have raised questions in this House on the ways Government agencies what measures they have for those who are not digitally-savvy. The responses have been inconsistent, practices more inconsistent. And recently, I found out that autonomous shuttles are designed without wheelchaired users in mind. Sir, we can do better and mandate inclusive design.
But closing this gap is not the duty of the Government alone. To businesses, I say, adopt inclusive design, universal design at the start. Proactively ensure your services are also accessible. Create solutions that blend technology with the human touch. For example, banks that still provide personal counter services for seniors should not be rare exceptions. They should be commended. These should be the industry standard until there is no need for it.
And here is a challenge. Can some businesses deliberately choose not to automate every routine job, but instead preserve some roles for older workers and persons with disabilities? These are ways by which they can continue to contribute meaningfully, earn a livelihood and even engage socially outside their homes.
L'Oréal, a renowned cosmetic powerhouse company, once operated a special packaging and assembly facility in Taiwan dedicated to employing people with disabilities. That primary mission was social, not purely commercial and industrial. It is to provide meaningful, stable and supportive employment for people with various physical and developmental disabilities. It was a counter-intuitive move for business, I know. But L'Oreal set its own agenda and did it their own way. That programme was later successfully merged into a larger facility to expand its impact and also promote greater inclusivity.
And to the community, I say this: volunteer your expertise, advocate for accessibility. People like Mr Peter Ng, an IT specialist in Kreta Ayer-Kim Seng, for instance, have for years, coached seniors like his mother and her neighbours on using smartphones and the common apps that they should know. That sustainable, community-driven help is the model that we should commend and need.
Therefore, the is not if AI will advance, but what kind of society we will become. So, we must intentionally choose inclusive progress. Let us ensure AI is a lifeline for all, and a landmine for none.
Second, on updating our safety net for this new age. Singapore has built one of the most admired social safety nets in the world, anchored on the Central Provident Fund (CPF), MediSave, housing subsidies, transfers, SkillsFuture and progressive social transfers. These have served us well in an economy where jobs were relatively stable, careers linear and disruption more gradual.
But technologies, like AI, change that equation. AI has not only automated tasks, it will reconfigure entire industries. The churn will be faster. This is an economy and age where work is fragmented, transitions frequent and inequality risks are sharper. A safety net in this new age must be more than a cushion. It must be portable, following workers across jobs and platforms; preventive, addressing health and skills before crisis strike; and adaptive, responding as automatically as possible to economic shocks.
The task before us is not to abandon the pillars of CPF, MediSave, SkillsFuture and all the good things, but to adapt them for an economy such as this. Two suggestions on how we can start.
One, on expanding protection. Let us protect those who are most vulnerable to economic shifts – our freelancers, our gig economy workers and those in non-traditional employment. Their contribution to the new economy must be matched with a commitment to their security. For the larger population, accelerate the move towards portable benefits, like healthcare and insurance. They are tied to the individual and not the employer, providing a foundation of security in a world of fluid work.
And second, enhance retirement adequacy. The CPF LIFE system, which I think is brilliant, provides a secure retirement for members with substantial savings. However, a segment of the population, particularly those with irregular employment histories, remains financially vulnerable in their old age. We should develop targeted measures to augment the CPF savings of individuals who are not on track to meet their retirement needs, not just those who qualify for Silver Support.
We should conduct a comprehensive review of the Silver Support scheme, too, to ensure its parameters align with the original objective of providing a safety net. This review must account for contemporary economic pressures, such as inflation and longer life expectancy, to guarantee that that the payouts remain sufficient.
And third, to install an affordability assurance body. Rising costs are on everybody's mind. Think of this affordability assurance body like the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) for essentials: monitoring daily cost of food, utilities, healthcare, transport and triggering automatic action when thresholds are crossed. Move from reacting after the fact to at least guarantee or ensuring affordability upfront.
Sir, by innovating more boldly, Singaporeans can be more assured that no matter the disruption the basics of life will remain within reach.
And lastly, on supercharging our culture of lifelong learning. SkillsFuture was a visionary beginning. But now in its 10th year, we must propel it beyond a Government programme into a lifelong habit embraced by every Singaporean. This vision resonates with the direction outlined by Minister Desmond Lee at MOE's Work Plan seminar recently, where the Minister spoke not only about AI in schools, but also about creating a lifelong learning ecosystem, fostering a broader definition of success and meeting the needs of learners who are different.
Visionary Chinese education thinker, Prof Zhu Yongxing argues that the school of the future will, in fact, evolve from what is the traditional classroom into a network of open, flexible student-centred learning centres, breaking down the barriers of time, space, age and institutional structures.
I will talk about that hopefully in a speech next year. That vision of the school for the future is important. But there are now, a few ways that we can do to reach the lifelong learning ecosystem that is fit-for-purpose for the future.
One, build a true skills-based economy. A broader definition of success means valuing skills and competence as much as, if not more than academic qualifications. We need to review the current playbook in this space. As long as academic qualifications or certificates remain the default currency for school entry and hiring, Singaporeans, parents will rationally contribute or continue to chase them; to chase these paper qualifications and the pressures will cascade down into high-stakes exams.
How many times do you have the experience that I have, when I ask a parent, \"How old is your child?\" And the parent says, \"PSLE year.\" I have spoken long about through-train, 10-year through-train and whether PSLE is still relevant or not, many times in this house, but again, that is for another occasion.
Today, coming back to building a skills-based economy, we need to create a labour market where employers, including the public sector, recognises competencies and experience and pay for them. And that includes recognising the value of jobs, what they call blue-collar jobs, such as our plumbers, our technicians, our rail technicians and our MRT technicians, our repair technicians and other blue-collared workers.
Next, on supercharging a lifelong learning culture. We should personalise learning for every citizen. AI can now make personalised learning possible at scale, providing rich and timely feedback. This principle is not new. Special education has long used individualised education plans (IEPs) to tailor learning to each child. I have seen this approach work brilliantly also for non-special needs kids in home-based education systems. With AI, we can extend this to every Singaporean through a personalised learning plan that guides lifelong growth far beyond the classroom, into every stage of life.
And third, ensure equal access to lifelong learning. Today, students with special needs benefit from our strong special education schools thanks to our political and Government leaders. But when they graduate, many face a devastating learning cliff. We have the school-to-work programmes, but they are transitional steps that last only a few years – a good, sincere attempt by SG Enable will need more visioning and resources. Ahead of our citizens with special needs, lies 50 to 60 years of life too often without structured opportunities to keep growing and learning, not acceptable for an inclusive society. We must re-imagine and revamp the continuum of learning, ensuring that they, too, have access to personalised and future-ready skills through lifelong learning centres.
Sir, by building a skills-based economy, personalised learning with AI and ensuring that no one is left behind, we can supercharge a culture of lifelong learning for all.
Finally, in conclusion, Sir, I began my speech today by sharing some common fears of Singaporeans. These fears are real, but they are not our fate. I have suggested three ways we can turn these fears into hope, by ensuring that AI remains a servant to humanity, by updating our safety nets for a new age and by supercharging lifelong learning. But let us be clear, we are not passive bystanders in this era of change. We are its architects. The future does not simply happen to us. It is built by us. It is shaped by the agenda and the choices that we make as the people of Singapore. We have done this before and we will do it again, and together we will move from a society of fear to a nation of hope.
Mr Speaker: Acting Minister Faishal Ibrahim.
The Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs (Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim): Mr Speaker, 60 years ago, as Singapore became independent, many in our community faced a difficult choice: to cross the causeway where many of our friends and relatives were; or to stay in Singapore, face economic uncertainties and a precarious future and forge a shared destiny with our Chinese and Indian comrades.
Our forefathers chose to stay. They sunk their roots here, threw in their lot with Singapore and made this island their home. Our Pioneers, led by Malay leaders like Yusof Ishak, Othman Wok and Ahmad Ibrahim, strived hard to meet the social, economic and religious needs of our community. They were also crucial members of our Pioneer leadership team, united in the common vision of a Singapore for all Singaporeans. The courage, dedication and tireless work of our Pioneers laid strong foundations for our community to make progress generation after generation.
Last month, I joined many Singaporeans in celebrating our nation's birthday, and like many in our community, my heart swelled with pride as Lieutenant Colonel Firdaus Ghazali led the National Day Parade; and as Lieutenant Colonel Muhammad Iskandar led the F-15 bomb burst salute. This is just one of the many examples of how members of the Malay/Muslim community have excelled in their respective fields and continue to contribute to the Singapore story. As we celebrate SG60, it is timely to reflect on our progress as a society and as a Malay/Muslim community.
Over the last 30 years, I had the privilege of journeying with our community, through my community work and across six Ministries. I have seen first-hand what we can achieve when Government and the community strive with common purpose. Indeed, our community has grown in strength, in confidence and in our ability to rally and contribute to Singapore's shared future.
The M3 agencies and Malay/Muslim organisations (MMOs), which include the Indian Muslim organisations (IMOs), have worked together with Government agencies to better serve the needs of the Malay/Muslim community. However, the world is undergoing significant shifts: technological advancements, trade wars, climate change and geopolitical volatility are just a few examples.
The Malay/Muslim community must similarly confront these uncertainties. I am encouraged by the renewed vigour from many community stakeholders, such as our MMOs, to find new and better ways to engage, collaborate and synergise efforts to take us forward. As the Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs, I hope to build on the good work of my predecessors and fellow community leaders.
I will deepen collaborations among the M3 agencies, MMOs, IMOs and the Government, to chart a stronger future for our Malay/Muslim community while contributing to our multiracial and multi-religious society. Since taking office, I have been engaging widely and listening actively. I have engaged our youth groups, mosque committees, working professionals, grassroots volunteers, MMOs and IMOs, arts and cultural groups and many more. I have also engaged the community at various settings, including coffee shops, markets and food centres and formal dialogues. I am touched by their stories of resilience and contribution, feel their concerns and inspired by their hopes and aspirations for community and the nation.
To achieve these, we must tap on our collective energies and abilities as well as imagination. Every member of our community should have the chance to be the best version of themselves at different stages of their lives. Let us share in the joy of each other's success and rally around those who stumble so that they can find their feet again.
For instance, Mr Muhammad Feroz Haron is the founder of Action in Motion (AIM) Society, which recently celebrated its sixth anniversary last month. Sharing his past experiences, Feroz founded AIM with three other ex-offenders to provide social and emotional support for others on the drug rehabilitation journey. His wife, Madam Salmah Johari, also founded Women in Support to Develop Outstanding Men (WISDOM), a support group for spouses and partners of ex-offenders.
Or the story of Dr Norham Erlyani, who inspires us through her pursuit of excellence. She holds a PhD in stem cell and developmental biology from the National University of Singapore Graduate School and currently serves as Head of Strategy and Public Relations at Hilleman Laboratories. Beyond her professional portfolio, she contributes actively to the community as the lead for Life Sciences under the MENDAKI Professional Networks and as a member of the Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS) Council.
I am committed to supporting people like Mr Feroz and Dr Norham Erlyani, who have taken diverse paths at different stages of their lives, so that they can do better for themselves, and give back to those around them. Let me elaborate on three areas where my fellow PAP Malay/Muslim MPs and I will focus on in the years ahead.
One, to give our community a better life through improved social and economic outcomes.
Two, to uphold the confidence of our community to practise our faith in a multi-cultural society.
And three, to preserve and celebrate our rich Malay arts, culture and heritage.
Sir, let me first speak on improving the social and economic outcomes for our people. We will focus on four areas: first, nurture strong families; second, invest in our children and youths; third, equip our workers to seize growth opportunities; and fourth, support our seniors to age with dignity.
Families form the bedrock of our society. They create stable and loving environments for us to pass shared values from one generation to the next, and for our children to realise their potential. Strong marriages are the first step to flourishing families. Over the years, we have seen good progress from our investments to support strong marriages. The number of Muslim divorces in 2023 have fallen by 30% compared to 2019.
We will continue to do more in this area, led by incoming Minister of State Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim. For instance, through the Bersamamu programme, which supports newlywed Muslim couples with religious guidance on marriage and family life, and with practical skills, like financial planning, communication skills and conflict resolution.
With strong families as a foundation, we will invest more in the development of our children and youths.
Education is key to provide our children with a good start in life. As a community, we can do more to encourage the enrolment of our young into preschool, and to sustain their attendance. We must also better support the learning of our students in primary and secondary schools, including after school hours. For instance, under Project Jalan Kukoh, MENDAKI, Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS), the People’s Association Malay Activity Executive Committees Council (PA MESRA), 4PM, and other Government agencies reach out to youths in the Jalan Kukoh precinct. I thank our community partners, the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) and the Ministry of Education (MOE) for your support in these areas.
Outside of school, we will equip our youths to deal with the challenges of the future. Beyond the academics, we will also support them with career guidance, personal development opportunities and exposure to new experiences.
For example, Ms Sherlita Almeyra serves as the President of MudaSG, a youth-led organisation that has organised volunteer opportunities in sectors, such as community building, education, environmental sustainability, and social outreach, encouraging youth to contribute to society while fostering a spirit of care, collaboration and service.
I recently announced the formation of a Malay/Muslim Youth Taskforce. This will bring together youth champions to advocate for the needs and aspirations of Malay/Muslim youth and co-create initiatives in support of the national SG Youth Plan. Minister of State Rahayu Mahzam and incoming Senior Parliamentary Secretary Dr Syed Harun Alhabsyi will lead this effort.
I hope that these efforts will position our youths to seize new opportunities in our fast-evolving economic landscape. The workforce in the years to come will look very different from today and our workers must be prepared to ride the waves of growth in the future economy.
This will require a culture of lifelong learning, underpinned by the partnerships between the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), MENDAKI and other MMOs. Senior Minister of State Zaqy Mohamed and labour MP Dr Wan Rizal will helm this area to develop community platforms to complement national-level programmes to support our workers.
In particular, I hope that more of our workers can tap on opportunities in growth sectors like advanced manufacturing, technology and professional services like finance.
As we progress, we cannot forget our seniors, particularly those in the Pioneer and Merdeka generations. Prime Minister Lawrence Wong outlined Singapore’s plans to improve long-term care options through the Age Well Neighbourhoods for our seniors and their caregivers at the National Day Rally. This initiative builds upon national programmes like HealthierSG and Age Well SG. I similarly hope to mobilise our community, so that we can better meet the healthcare, social and emotional needs of our seniors. I look forward to the support by Members.
For instance, how can we tap on the experience of our seniors to benefit the community, as they transit into retirement? Or how can we better support caregivers through active ageing services and caregiving networks?
To this end, the Santunan Emas programme by Masjid Al-Muttaqin, in collaboration with Ma:een and Muhammadiyah Active Ageing Centre, is a commendable effort. The programme provides holistic support for our elderly – from spiritual guidance through lectures by former Mufti, Ustaz Dr Mohamed Fatris Bakaram, to physical and social activities led by volunteers from Muhammadiyah for their overall well-being.
Let us continue to explore new ways to collaborate with various partners in support of our seniors.
I have spoken about improved social and economic outcomes. Let me now turn to how we will support the community to practise our faith in our diverse society.
Our faith is central to our character as a Malay/Muslim community. It guides our values and how we engage one another, whether family members, neighbours or fellow citizens. Our faith also guides us to live harmoniously with others in a multicultural and multi-religious society. Since taking on this role, I have visited different mosques each week. These visits gave me the opportunity to meet congregants from all walks of life and speak with them on religious life in Singapore, among others.
Let me highlight three areas of feedback and what we are doing in these areas.
One, is the need for more prayer spaces, particularly in newer residential areas. I have announced further details about the new mosques in Tampines and Tengah, and we are exploring ways to bring forward the completion of these mosques. We are also exploring how interim prayer spaces can be provided while mosque upgrading and development works are underway.
Our mosques and prayer spaces are fully funded by the community. So, we must be prudent in designing them and maximise our existing spaces by conducting second sessions for Friday prayers.
Two, beyond physical spaces, we must groom the next generation of religious leaders. Our asatizah play a critical role in guiding our community and should be recognised and fairly compensated for their work, as Mr Sharael Taha mentioned earlier. As we navigate a more complex world, they must be keenly attuned to global changes while appreciating our local context. The new Singapore College of Islamic Studies (SCIS) represents a significant investment in this future by equipping our asatizah with robust Islamic knowledge and practical skills to serve the community, be it in the religious sector or in adjacent sectors like counselling and social work. I also agree with Mr Sharael Taha that SCIS’ partnership with the Singapore University of Social Sciences will be important in exposing our future asatizah to diverse academic experiences and develop them not just as capable religious teachers, but also compassionate community leaders who can help the community navigate contemporary social challenges.
Three, our religious institutions must develop new capabilities to guide the community in contemporary issues. Recent fatwas on cultivated meat and alternative proteins, and carrier screening for severe genetic diseases and antenatal testing have helped our community navigate new questions about food technology, environmental sustainability and medical sciences. These rulings exemplify how our Fatwa Committee and asatizah can provide guidance that is both religiously sound and practically relevant. We will continue to empower our asatizah to guide the community in these complex issues and in so doing, deepen trust in our religious institutions.
Importantly, the ability to maintain confidence in our religious life depends on the trust in our religious institutions and the partnerships with the broader network of Muslim organisations. We will strengthen these networks of trust and partnerships to address the religious needs of our community. Together, I am confident that we will engender a fulfilling life for our Singapore Muslims who actively contribute to their community and society.
I have spoken about improved social and economic outcomes, and about practising our faith in a multicultural society. Let me now speak on how we can celebrate our Malay arts, culture and heritage. This is an integral part of Singapore’s cultural diversity and national identity.
Pak Zubir Said's composition of our national anthem, \"Majulah Singapura\", is a prime example of how Malay artistic expression has shaped our national identity. Contemporary Malay artists like Madam Som Said are instrumental in championing Malay dance in Singapore, while writers like Djamal Tukimin have become cornerstones of Singapore’s Malay literary scene. We also have practitioners dedicated to preserving our living heritage and craft, such as Yaziz Hassan who is passing down the knowledge of crafting and repairing traditional Malay drums to future generations.
In my engagements, many in the community have told me that they hope we can hold fast to what has nourished our hearts and souls over generations, even as we pursue economic growth and prosperity. My team and I hope to galvanise the community to celebrate and develop our arts, culture, and heritage sector, showcase the vibrancy of our unique Singaporean Malay culture and preserve our cultural traditions for future generations.
The reopening of the Malay Heritage Centre in April next year represents a significant milestone in this effort. It will provide a new platform to celebrate the stories of the Malay community and recognise how their contributions have shaped Singapore's development and national identity. The refreshed centre will enhance representation of Malay ethnic sub-groups, showcasing the diversity that exists within our community, with increased focus on women's contributions to education, literature and the arts. The centre will also see newly commissioned works by both emerging and established Malay artists in support of contemporary cultural expression.
This is part of a wider national plan. We strive to develop Wisma Geylang Serai as Singapore’s first social, arts and cultural heritage hub where culture is not just preserved but also experienced. The National Heritage Board is also partnering with community and precinct stakeholders in Kampong Gelam to strengthen its distinctive cultural identity and heritage value.
Our culture should be celebrated and enjoyed by all. We will continue to support the People's Association Malay Activity Executive Committees Council (PA MESRA) and the Malay Activity Executive Committees (MAECs) in various events to preserve the Malay culture, whether through performances during festive seasons, or through cultural festivals and activities. Mr Speaker, allow me to continue my speech in Malay.
(In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Sir, our Malay/Muslim community has made much progress over the last 60 years. This is borne out of the courage, dedication and resilience of our pioneers, such as Yusof Ishak, Othman Wok and Ahmad Ibrahim, to make this country home – a place where we belong. They worked alongside fellow Singaporeans to build a strong foundation for the nation and enabled us to progress as a community and society. I hope to build on the good work of our past leaders, together with our community.
Since taking office as the Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs, I have engaged widely with various segments of our community, from youth groups, arts and heritage groups, mosque committees, professionals, grassroots volunteers, Malay/Muslim organisations and many more. I am deeply grateful for the feedback and feel inspired by their ideas to strengthen our bonds, uplift lives and realise our potential.
My fellow People's Action Party (PAP) Malay/Muslim MPs and I are committed to continue supporting the Malay/Muslim community. We will focus on three key areas in the years ahead.
One, we will improve social and economic outcomes by nurturing strong families and investing in our children and youth. We also want to equip our workers so that they are able to seize opportunities in emerging sectors, and support our elderly to age gracefully and with dignity.
Two, we will support the religious life of the Muslim community within the context of Singapore's plural society, and provide for evolving needs. This includes increasing prayer spaces, and ensuring strong religious guidance through asatizah development and the upcoming SCIS.
Three, we will preserve our Malay arts, culture, and heritage which have nourished our hearts and souls over generations. With the reopening of the Malay Heritage Centre next year, we will have more opportunities to showcase our unique Singaporean Malay culture and enrich Singapore's cultural and national identity.
Mr Speaker, my team and I have outlined a shared agenda and vision for our Malay/Muslim community, based on our broad engagements and consultations with the community. However, we will constantly refine it through continuous engagement with more members of our community. In tandem with rapid social and economic changes, we want to provide opportunities to every community member to be the best versions of themselves and thrive, regardless of their background, and also be able to contribute actively.
We will also need new ways of integrating partnership networks with Malay-Muslim organisations and other community groups to galvanise their efforts and strengths in addressing the three focus areas that I have just outlined.
As we hoist our sails to harness the winds of opportunity, I hope that we also anchor our work on three values – trust (“Amanah”), sincerity (“Ikhlas”) and gratitude (“Kesyukuran”) – which our forefathers and successive generations of leaders have embodied.
Sir, the President reminded us earlier in his Address that we must aspire to be a society that puts \"we\" before \"me\", where we look beyond our individual needs. We must consider how our actions and choices contribute to the well-being of the larger society. By looking out for each other, we can go far together.
Our goal for a “Stronger Future Together” is not a destination, but a continuous journey of growth, adaptation and mutual support. It is not just for the Malay/Muslim community but the whole of Singapore. Therefore, I call upon every member of our community, regardless of age, profession or background, to contribute to our shared success.
Our pioneers and the past generations played a pivotal role in writing the Singapore Story. They chose to build a multiracial and multicultural society regardless of race, language or religion. Now, it is our turn to expand the Singapore Story and write the next chapter that charts the journey and progress of the Malay community, in particular, and the wider society. It encompasses our efforts to celebrate strength in diversity, forging close ties between communities to strengthen our solidarity and work alongside fellow Singaporeans. This solidarity is key in helping Singapore navigate uncertainties ahead and build an endearing home for all.
Let us embark on this journey together, guided by lessons learnt and wisdom gained from past endeavours, as well as with the hopes and dreams of our community to contribute to the happiness, prosperity and progress for our nation. Thank you, and Mr Speaker, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker: Ms Mariam Jaafar.
Ms Mariam Jaafar (Sembawang): When we speak of social mobility or inequality, we often talk about wages, jobs, housing, even cars. But we talk less about how socioeconomic background also shapes health, education and opportunity – across a lifetime.
And the data is stark. In the domain of health, a 25-year-old Singaporean with below secondary education can expect to live almost six years less than a peer with higher education. Six years less time with their loved ones.
Those with primary education are up to three times more likely to have diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol. Residents in rental flats are hospitalised and re-admitted more often, even after adjusting for their conditions. And preventive care – the very thing that could break the cycle – is patchier, with fewer screenings, fewer follow-ups, fewer regular doctors.
Behind these statistics are people. Like my Woodlands resident, Mr K, a lift technician and father of two who came to my Meet the People session to appeal some parking fines. His wife had walked out on the family. He works nights, so he brings his children along. They wait in the car in the unloading bay, hence the parking tickets, while he does his work. This happens a few times every night. His children lose sleep, lose focus in school and sometimes, they skip school. He himself suffers from depression but cannot afford treatment.
Or Ms S, living with chronic mental illness and hypertension. She wants to work, but her workplace makes no accommodations. Each day she cannot bring herself to go in to work, she slips further away from the stability she craves.
Or Mr Z, whose wife has diabetes. When the dialysis centre in Woodlands was closed for renovations and her dialysis treatments were transferred to Ghim Moh, their transport subsidy lapsed. Months of trying to re-apply failed. In despair, he asked me, \"Should I just stop taking her and let her die?\"
Mr Speaker, when poor income, poor health and poor education reinforce each other, the cycle of disadvantage is brutal. And breaking this cycle must be a most urgent duty. We have strong foundations. KidSTART supports parents and children from the earliest years. The Uplifting Pupils in Life and Inspiring Families Task force (UPLIFT) narrows achievement gaps, improves attendance and well-being. Grow Well SG and Healthier SG help families build healthier habits and access preventive care, Age Well SG keeps our seniors active and ComLink+ brings in family coaches and Progress packages.
Each is valuable. But support today is still too fragmented. Families face many schemes, many officers, many forms that strain their already strained mental bandwidth. There is a lot of coordination and referrals, fewer active interventions. Too much is left to chance – whether a child or senior shows up for vaccination, whether a family completes a form correctly.
What we need are not more and more piecemeal programmes, but joined-up longitudinal pathways that follow a family through an extended period of time – structured where necessary, empowering where possible, that provides support, while building personal agency. Pathways that ensure no child, no parent, no senior falls through the cracks.
I propose three pathways: an education pathway, a health pathway and a career pathway, all linked together with ComLink+.
First, the education pathway. We know early childhood education is one of the strongest levers of social mobility. Yet, today, about one in four children from ComLink+ families do not attend preschool regularly. That is too high.
It is time that we make preschool the default for ComLink+ families, unless they opt out. And the journey should not stop there. It must continue though primary and secondary school, not only after school and tuition, but also enrichment in arts, sports and coding, because talent is not the exclusive domain of the wealthy and must not be capped by income.
Integration between KidSTART, UPLIFT and ComLink+ must be seamless – no six-month gaps, no missed transitions. A child's progress should be tracked, with early interventions when they fall behind – whether in literacy, attendance or well-being. The goal is not just to graduate more students, but to graduate them resilient and ready to seize the opportunity.
Secondly, a health pathway. Here, too, we need integration. From KidSTART to Grow Well SG, to Healthier SG, to Age Well SG, a continuum of care, one longitudinal journey. Family coaches, or dedicated health coaches must go beyond health coordination and referrals. They must actively intervene. If a child misses a vaccination, reschedule it. If medication is not taken, find out why. If meals are not nutritious, connect the family to food support. Families \"graduate\" only when children are healthy, with acceptable body mass index (BMI) and vaccinations, adults are enrolled in Healthier SG and adhering to chronic disease plans and the family has demonstrated health literacy and food security.
And for working adults, let us pilot Health Secure Jobs – workplaces where chronic illnesses or caregiving duties do not mean job losses. Instead MOH and MOM partner with employers to keep workers employed in jobs, while managing conditions like diabetes or depression, because health must not mean unemployment.
Third, a career pathway. Employment remains the engine of mobility. The ComLink+ Employment Package is a step forward – with coaching, training, retention incentives and wraparound support. But we must aim higher.
Jobs should not be just any job. They must provide progression, skills and dignity and build confidence. Here we can learn from the US programme \"Year Up\" , which offers six months of intensive training, tuition free, in skills that today's employers need followed by six months of corporate internships – coupled with mentorship, coaching, professional development and the possibility of college credit for coursework, along with stipends and other support services and essential resources, such as, housing, food, transportation and childcare to remove any barriers to participants' success. Its graduates earn significantly more – 30% more – than similar peers who did not participate six years later. And while the program structure is very resource intensive, over a seven-year study period, every $1.00 spent on\" Year Up\" produced a $2.46 benefit to society. A good return-on-investment.
We could roll this our in Singapore, where a young person from a disadvantaged family who once felt locked out of opportunity, gains not only skills and networks, but also confidence, dignity and hope. I believe talent is Everywhere. Opportunity is sometimes not. But we can build this.
The three pathways: education, healthcare and career cannot stand alone. They must be linked and linked by ComLink+. If a child struggles in school, it should trigger a check on nutrition or sleep. If health appointments are missed, it should prompt a check on school or work attendance, because no one lives life in silos, and neither should our policies.
Housing is a good example. For individuals or families facing homelessness, unstable arrangements or constant conflict at home, or those who are returning from prison or institutionalization, providing stable housing by granting that rental flat or allowing that third HDB loan. It is not just about shelter. It is a health intervention. It is an education intervention. It is a social intervention. Policy must empower our offices to act holistically and not within narrow silos. If we can link the pathways effectively, we should end up achieving more by doing less. Without linking them, each silo can feel like it is pushing on a string – much effort, little outcomes – and gets pressured to invest even more in its own silo.
Underpinning all of this is our care workforce: family coaches, social workers, healthcare teams. They are the ones who journey alongside families on each pathway, not for weeks, but for years. Studies have shown how having that one mentoring figure, whom you have a genuine connection with, a genuine relationship, can make all the difference in changing the life of a low-income person. We must invest in their training, understand their workload and reward them fairly. We must select and empower them to be not just case workers, but life-changers.
Mr Speaker, I also want to address a point raised by the hon Member Mr Fadli Fawzi in his maiden speech yesterday, which he delivered in Malay. I listened quite carefully to it. He paints meritocracy as corrosive, an ideological belief to justify and explain away inequality and the lot of those left behind. I must disagree. Meritocracy in Singapore is not an ideology. It is a principle of fairness. The danger is not in practicing meritocracy but in abandoning it, because success would depend not on effort or talent, but on connections and privilege.
That is not a \"we first\" society. That is a “some first” society. Our meritocracy is not a perfect system. And that is why we are here, to refine it, to strengthen it, to make sure that meritocracy in Singapore remains fair and real, not just in principle but in practice.
The truth is meritocracy in Singapore has never stood still. We have broadened and deepened the definition of meritocracy precisely to address the risks Mr Fadli Fawzi raised. Let me elaborate on how this has played out in practice.
First, merit is no longer exclusively seen through your exam scores and the schools you go to. Today, we have multiple pathways – university, polytechnics, the Institute of Technical Education (ITE), SkillsFuture, we have subject-based banding. Success is not one-size-fits-all.
Second, we have moved from equal treatment to equitable support. Those who have less, get more help. I have talked about KidSTART, UPLIFT, Comlink+ earlier. Yes, we can push further, but all are designed to level the playing field.
Third, we now explicitly recognise unequal starting points. This has been mentioned by both our Prime Minister and our President. Our policies deliberately give more subsidies in housing, healthcare and education to lower-income families.
Fourth, we also now recognise that merit is not just about individual effort, but as something shaped by community, family and society. Many initiatives bring together Government, volunteers, employers to uplift families together. And among the most visible are in our Malay community, where under the auspices of M³@Towns, our \"gotong royong\" spirit shines through, whether it is in Kelas MateMatika (KMM), Mendaki Tuition Scheme (MTS) or youth mentoring. And lastly, we celebrate values and character, not just grades or how much money you make. At every Edusave awards, we give the Edusave Award for Achievement, Good Leadership and Service (EAGLES) award and the Edusave Character Award (ECHA) award. Resilience, service and contribution to society are part of how we define merit.
What I have just described cannot possibly be seen as an elitist meritocracy. Ours is a progressive and compassionate meritocracy, one which recognizes effort and ability, while also investing heavily in those with fewer advantages and we keep improving. Framing meritocracy as an ideology risks dismissing these hard-won efforts.
I do not discount that there are many families, including many in our Malay community who are really struggling. I see them at my Meet the People session. I shared some of their stories today. But there are many issues at play, that weigh families down regardless of effort or merit. And while we must keep improving our system, I humbly remember both Member Fadli Fawzi and I are, ourselves, beneficiaries of Singapore’s meritocracy. It is this system that enabled us, children from ordinary families, to study, to work and now to serve in this House.
So, there is no need to disparage or dismiss the system that has uplifted and continues to uplift so many. And certainly, there is no need to mischaracterise it to our community as promoting the belief that \"those who succeed are entitled to their success because they have worked hard, while those who are left behind deserve to be left behind because they have not worked hard enough\".
Firstly, I am sure that, like me, Member Fadli Fawzi eschews this belief. But secondly, words like this do not help families who are struggling. What helps them is when we, as leaders, acknowledge the gaps honestly and work together on solutions. This includes lingering experiences of prejudice and discrimination, perceived or otherwise. Our work to strengthen our multiculturalism is itself a work-in-progress and must continue to go on. A \"we first\" society is not built by tearing down the ladders of opportunity, it is built by strengthening them and adding rungs below, so no one is left behind.
Sir, when I entered this House five years ago, my primary motivation was clear: to keep social mobility alive. This is not an abstract goal to me. My own journey, I know that of many in this Chamber and many, many more outside this Chamber, and it is proof of what Singapore has made possible.
But 60 years after Independence, our society has changed. If we do nothing, cycles of disadvantage will harden. But if we act boldly, we can give dignity, stability and hope to every family, no matter their starting point, and benefit from the talents of our only natural resource – our people. So, we must be more ambitious and that is why I rise today, to urge us to look harder at the evidence, to think deeper about the gaps and to act with courage, using my vantage point as Chair for the Health GPC, a member of the Social and Family Development GPC and a past member of the Education GPC.
The Minister of Health who is also now the Coordinating Minister for Social Policy happens to be my anchor Minister in Sembawang group representation constituency (GRC) and I seek his understanding that no matter how good a job the Government is doing on this topic, I will always press us to do more, do better. Because social mobility is not just a policy goal. It is the promise of Singapore. Mr Speaker, it is an enormous honour to stand here in this House again. I look forward to working with Members of this House to heed the President’s call.
Mr Speaker: Order. I propose to take a break now. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 4 pm.
Sitting accordingly suspended
at 3.38 pm until 4.00 pm.
Sitting resumed at 4.00 pm.
[Deputy Speaker (Mr Christopher de Souza) in the Chair]
(Debate on Address of Thanks - second allotted day)
[(proc text) Debate resumed. (proc text)]
Mr Deputy Speaker: Senior Minister of State Ms Sim Ann.
The Senior Minister of State for Home Affairs and Foreign Affairs (Ms Sim Ann): Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion. I will speak on how our foreign policy is adapting to geopolitical shifts and the growing presence of foreign interference, and how Singapore can remain vigilant against it.
As noted by previous speakers, the global economic and strategic order is indeed shifting. As a small, open and trade-dependent country, Singapore is especially sensitised to these shifts. Let me briefly elaborate on some of the key geopolitical trends affecting us.
First, great power contestation between the US and China is intensifying. The Asia Pacific region has become a primary arena of their contestation which spans trade, security, ideology and technology. The South China Sea is an example of how tensions between major powers could have direct implications for peace and prosperity in our neighbourhood.
Second, geopolitical conflicts weigh heavily on the international system. Some wars continue unresolved and are difficult to end, while others have been rekindled in recent times. They have resulted in immense humanitarian suffering and generated strong emotional resonance in many countries, including ours. Such conflicts have also delayed or impaired decision-making at regional or international groupings, making cooperation more difficult.
Third, nationalism and protectionism are on the rise. Countries are taking a narrower and more transactional view of their national interests. Declining strategic trust between countries has also led to increased contestation. We are seeing the fragmentation of global trade and technology ecosystems, export controls on sensitive technologies and competing standards in areas, like AI. Consequently, multilateralism and rules-based international trade are under considerable strain.
These trends are keenly felt by Singapore, an open economy and global business hub, whose security and prosperity have been boosted in the post-war era by favourable conditions, such as an extended period of relative peace in Southeast Asia, a rules-based international order largely shaped by US leadership and China's success in reform and opening up. We now face greater risks, narrowed room for manoeuvre and sharpened trade-offs in our foreign policy decisions. In the face of these geopolitical shifts, it would be natural to wonder whether Singapore’s foreign policy should change significantly.
But in fact, Singaporeans can expect to see more continuity, rather than change, in our foreign policy; and this is because we have never taken for granted favourable global and regional conditions. We took pains to develop a diversified diplomatic strategy, just we have built a diversified economy. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) has invested as much effort and energy into advancing Singapore's contributions at multilateral fora and regional groupings, as we have in maintaining bilateral accounts with our partner countries, which together, constitute a broad geographical spread.
We have also remained consistent in being a trusted friend and honest broker to our partners, adding value wherever we can, but also accepting the limitations of being a small country. While there will be some adjustments to our diplomacy, these will not be abrupt shifts. Let me elaborate.
Mr Deputy Speaker, we are doubling down on existing international partnerships and networks. At the core of this effort is ensuring that our relationships with our closest neighbours – Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei – remain strong, wide-ranging and forward-looking. We have embarked on long-term projects to enhance connectivity and strengthen economic and people-to-people ties, such as the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and the Rapid Transit System (RTS) Link. We will also expand our partnership into emerging areas like renewable energy and human capital development.
ASEAN remains a cornerstone of our foreign policy. Deeper economic integration within ASEAN remains vital to unlocking the vast potential of our region. We will work towards this by upgrading and fully implementing our trade agreements, deepening cross-border digital frameworks, developing the ASEAN Power Grid and advancing green economy standards.
We will also expand ASEAN's network of partnerships, ensure key international players have a stake in our region's success and maintain an open, inclusive and ASEAN-centred regional architecture. Singapore's upcoming chairmanship of ASEAN in 2027, which coincides with ASEAN's 60th anniversary, will be an important opportunity for us to help amplify ASEAN's voice, effectiveness and relevance globally.
We have built strong relations with major powers over the years and will continue to do so. The US is our top trading partner in services and our largest foreign investor. We are also the US' only Major Security Cooperation Partner.
China is our top trading partner in goods and we are China's largest foreign investor. Our bilateral interactions with China are multi-tiered, led by the Joint Council for Bilateral Coorperation at the Deputy Prime Minister level, and comprising three government-to-government projects and eight province-level economic councils. We see much potential to advance mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation between Singapore and the US and between Singapore and China, in multiple areas.
However, the space for us to do more together would narrow if US-China contestation were to escalate. We must remain clear-eyed and have the resolve to make decisions that are in Singapore's long-term national interest.
We have also been deepening strategic relationships with other partners, such as Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), India, the European Union (EU), Australia and New Zealand. We have strong economic and security cooperation with Japan and the ROK, as well as a like-minded approach towards free trade. I look forward to the upgrading of our relations with the ROK to a Strategic Partnership next month.
With India, we upgraded relations to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and are working to expand collaboration in forward-looking areas, such as digitalisation, connectivity, advanced manufacturing, fintech and space.
With the EU, our Free Trade Agreement and latest Digital Trade Agreement have given Singapore businesses preferential access to one of the world's largest markets, while our cooperation in sustainability and green transition opens up new areas of growth.
As we embark on the next round of our Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with Australia, we are exploring initiatives with a regional focus, as well as collaborations in frontier areas, like critical technologies and space. With New Zealand, we are upgrading our Enhanced Partnership to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with significant initiatives across the defence, trade and economic, and supply chain and connectivity pillars.
By anchoring trusted partnerships across different regions, we will reduce our exposure to volatility, such as supply chain disruptions, and strengthen our national resilience in key domains, such as defence, energy and technology, and continue to serve as a \"safe deposit box\", not just for capital but also technology and innovation, and be a trusted and secure node in the global network, where ideas, data and partnerships are protected, nurtured and scaled.
Singapore has also been building new partnerships and networks with countries in emerging regions of growth, such as Africa, Central Asia, the Middle East and South America, to avail our companies of new opportunities and partnership, and nurture coalitions among the like-minded to pursue shared objectives. We are planning to open new diplomatic missions in Africa and Latin America in the coming years.
In addition, through our Development Partnerships Directorate, MFA will enhance the Singapore Cooperation Programme to share Singapore's experience and best practices in areas where we have relevant strengths. This is part of our diplomatic toolkit to deepen relationships with partners. And when humanitarian crises strike, we will contribute where we can and seek to deliver practical assistance to alleviate the immense civilian suffering and displacement. We have done so when a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck central Myanmar in March 2025 and are providing ongoing aid to the civilians in Gaza, something that we discussed in this House yesterday.
The rules-based international order may be under strain, but many countries still believe that there is more to be gained from cooperation than contestation and that like-minded partners can continue to cooperate on initiatives like digital economy agreements, green economy partnerships and global governance initiatives, albeit on a smaller scale, and we are among them.
This is why we will do our utmost to support multi-lateral institutions, enhance international law, contribute to global governance discussions and promote peaceful dispute resolution. We contribute actively to the development of global norms, by leading groupings like the Forum of Small States and the Global Governance Group, to discuss issues affecting small states and to champion practical cooperation on issues, such as respect for international law, climate change adaptation and digital transformation.
Singapore's chairmanship of the Open-Ended Working Group on Cybersecurity at the United Nations (UN), from 2021 to 2025, led to the establishment of a UN Global Mechanism on Cybersecurity. The Agreement on Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction agreement, successfully concluded under the leadership of Ambassador Rena Lee as President of the Intergovernmental Conference, has just crossed the threshold of 60 state ratifications and will soon enter into force.
Singapore has also made contributions to the world Intellectual Property Office (WIPO) Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge, and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, particularly, the development of carbon markets.
Singapore will also continue taking up leadership roles in international bodies where we have significant expertise. For example, at the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and WIPO, as mentioned earlier.
To this end, the Singapore Government has nominated Ambassador for International Law Rena Lee as a candidate for Judge on the International Court of Justice; and Mr Daren Tang for re-election as the Director-General of WIPO, with both elections taking place in 2026.
Mr Deputy Speaker, I turn now to foreign interference and hybrid threats, an increasingly prominent feature in this contested global landscape. To be sure, countries have long interfered in other countries' domestic politics, overtly or covertly, to advance their own interests. This is not new.
What is new is the landscape in which foreign actors conduct these operations. The ubiquitous digital environment and development of advanced digital tools have supercharged their ability to mount hostile information campaigns (HICs) to advance their interests. By exploiting the internet, digital and social media, foreign actors can mount HICs at scale, speed and precision.
Colleagues may have heard of the \"sprinter\" network, a complex web of fake accounts that spread disinformation on the war in Ukraine, manipulated public opinion and amplified politically-charged content. There is even disinformation-for-hire. In 2023, the Guardian uncovered a team of contractors that conduct disinformation operations for private companies, intelligence agencies and political campaigns.
With a diverse population that is highly digitally connected, Singapore is an attractive and vulnerable target. Last July, MHA had to issue Account Restriction Directions under the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act (or FICA) to block a network of social media accounts alleging that Singapore was in the pocket of a foreign actor, and that the foreign actor was behind the selection of Singapore's fourth generation leader. The network could have been used to mount other HICs against Singapore.
In October 2024, the Government blocked 10 websites set up by foreign actors masquerading as Singapore websites, including by using AI to generate content with local features. At the same time, traditional methods of interference continue apace, through local and influential proxies.
In 2024, the US arrested and charged a former CIA analyst for allegedly acting as an agent for a foreign country, while an Australian court convicted a businessman for secretly attempting to improperly influence an Australian federal minister through donations, in order to advance the aims of a foreign power.
Singapore is not immune to these examples of interference.
MHA has therefore taken preventive measures, one of which was to define persons who are directly involved in Singapore’s political processes, including Members of Parliament, and designating several other individuals, as Politically Significant Persons under FICA.
Transparency requirements and reporting are imposed on these individuals. Foreign interference tactics will evolve and grow in sophistication. They touch on our everyday lives – through what we see, hear and read in an increasingly permeable infospace. Our defences must therefore grow stronger too. To this end, MHA plans to amend FICA to update and strengthen our levers to address foreign interference threats.
Mr Deputy Speaker, foreign interference aims to weaken the targeted country, for instance by sowing division and internal strife. It could also aim to influence the targeted country’s policies, including its foreign policy.
Vigilance against foreign interference is therefore a shared concern of Governments and foreign policy circles throughout the world. But this does not mean that we discourage the public from learning about and discussing foreign policy. On the contrary, we would like Singaporeans to continue being interested in and knowledgeable about global affairs, because it affects our security and prosperity.
MFA is stepping up engagement efforts with domestic audiences, including students, youths and businesses, through closed-door dialogue sessions and workshops to help Singaporeans better understand Singapore’s operating context and foreign policy considerations.
Even as we consume and exchange views on foreign policy, let us remain alert to the possibility of external attempts to influence our foreign policy by shaping our people’s perception of, and support for it. Through manipulating public sentiments, including through local opinion leaders, in addition to spreading misinformation and fake news.
We encourage Singaporeans to be discerning about the news and messages we are constantly receiving, including on social media, from a wide variety of sources. Always question what you see, hear or read – ask where the information came from; is it true and what is the intent?
I would like to share a few scenarios where it would be particularly useful for Singaporeans to exercise more vigilance and remind others to do so too.
First, where discussions grow emotional. Inflamed sentiments can hamper judgement and create rifts between groups of Singaporeans that are hard to repair, especially if race and religion are involved. Let us maintain calm and mutual respect when discussing current affairs, including global developments.
Second, where discussions centre around which countries Singapore should be closer to, or which countries’ lead Singapore should be following. Such chatter, though not uncommon, does not reflect how Singapore conducts foreign policy. Those who find themselves in such conversations could gently remind their friends and associates that Singapore bases our foreign policy on our national interests.
Third, where leaders of local institutions and groupings or those with a following, find themselves commenting publicly on international developments. In such instances, it would be useful to consider the content carefully beforehand, and check if it can be construed to mean anything other than the view of a Singaporean who is well-versed in our national interests.
Mr Deputy Speaker, over the past weekend, I spoke to a group of mostly young people who attended a workshop that unpacks how foreign actors might seek to interfere in another nation’s policies against the nation’s interests and I was heartened that they were so keen to know more about Singapore’s approach to foreign policy And supportive of the need to safeguard Singapore’s autonomy and agency in a complex world. Through more of such engagements, I hope that youths and community leaders can spread the word in their own circles.
Mr Deputy Speaker, foreign policy starts at home; we have repeated this many times in Parliament because it is not an abstract slogan, but a vital shield. Singapore’s relevance to the world depends on our ability to create value. We can be reliable and trusted by other countries only if we remain principled and consistent. We can only achieve this if we speak with one united voice and this stems from domestic stability as well as public trust in the Government. If our social fabric frays, our international credibility will weaken. Malignant actors may seek to exploit our divisions for their own interests.
Support for our foreign policy does not mean unconditional agreement with all decisions, but a shared commitment among Singaporeans to safeguarding Singapore’s sovereignty and long-term national interests. National unity and domestic support allow our leaders to stand firm under external pressure, to say no when it matters most and to negotiate confidently on behalf of all Singaporeans to protect and advance our interests.
The Government will continue to do its part through legislation, broadening education and regular engagements with different segments of society to raise awareness and understanding of our foreign policy considerations and Singapore’s global contributions.
But more crucially, we must, as a nation and as a people, be alive to attempts by foreign actors to interfere in our politics, policies and way of life. Legislative levers can only do so much, and they are often brought into play only ex-post. The ultimate line of defence against foreign interference is an aware and discerning people. Mr Deputy Speaker, in Mandarin, please.
(In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Mr Deputy Speaker, the international order is being weakened day-by-day, the world is also not very peaceful. Under such circumstances, we need to guard against foreign interference and hybrid threats. MHA plans to amend FICA to strengthen our levers to address foreign interference threats.
There are many objectives for conducting foreign interference. Foreign interference aims to weaken the targeted country, for instance by sowing division and internal strife. It could also aim to influence the targeted country’s policies, including its foreign policy. Vigilance against foreign interference is therefore a shared concern of governments and foreign policy circles throughout the world.
But this does not mean that we discourage Singaporeans from learning about international developments and discussing foreign policy. On the contrary, we would like Singaporeans to continue being interested in and knowledgeable about global affairs, because it affects our security and prosperity. Therefore, MFA is stepping up engagement efforts with Singaporeans, including students, youths and businesses, to help them better understand Singapore’s operating context and foreign policy considerations.
Even as Singaporeans consume and exchange views on foreign policy, we need to remain alert to the possibility of external attempts to influence our people’s understanding of international developments and change their perception of, and support for Singapore’s foreign policy. This could be done through manipulating public sentiments, including through local opinion leaders, as well as spreading misinformation and fake news. We encourage Singaporeans to be discerning about the news and messages we are constantly receiving, including on social media, from a wide variety of sources.
There are a few scenarios where it would be particularly useful for Singaporeans to exercise more vigilance and remind others around them to do so too.
First, where discussions grow emotional, inflamed sentiments can hamper judgement and create rifts between groups of Singaporeans that are hard to repair, especially when sensitive topics such as race and religion are involved. Let us maintain calm and mutual respect when discussing current affairs, including global developments.
Second, where discussions centre around which countries Singapore should be closer to, or which countries’ lead Singapore should follow. Such chatter, though not uncommon, does not reflect how Singapore conducts foreign policy. Those who find themselves in such conversations could gently remind the speakers that Singapore bases our foreign policy on our national interests.
Third, where leaders of local social and business institutions comment publicly on international developments. In such instances, it would be useful to consider the content carefully beforehand and check if it can be construed to mean anything other than the views of a Singaporean well-versed in Singapore’s national interests.
Mr Deputy Speaker, “foreign policy starts at home” is not an abstract slogan but represents a vital shield for Singapore. Singapore can be reliable and trusted by other countries only if we remain principled and consistent. We can only achieve this if we speak with one united voice. This stems from domestic stability as well as public trust in the Government. If our social fabric frays, our international credibility will weaken. Malignant actors may seek to exploit our divisions for their own interests.
Support for our foreign policy does not mean unconditional agreement with all foreign policy decisions, but a shared commitment to safeguard Singapore’s sovereignty and long-term national interests. National unity and domestic support allow our leaders to to stand firm under external pressure, to say no when it matters most, and to negotiate confidently on behalf of all Singaporeans to protect and advance our interests.
(In English): Mr Deputy Speaker, we are facing uncertain times, but Singapore has never been fatalistic. We have agency.
We have succeeded by staying united at home, relevant abroad and nimble in adapting to change. I believe that with the trust and support of our people, we can continue to secure a better global future for Singapore and Singaporeans. Mr Deputy Speaker, I support the Motion. [Applause.]
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Fadli Fawzi, you have a clarification of a speech given by a Member in this debate, do you?
Mr Fadli Fawzi (Aljunied): Yes, Sir.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Which Member?
Mr Fadli Fawzi: On the hon Member Mariam Jaafar's speech.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Proceed.
Mr Fadli Fawzi: Mr Speaker, I believe that the hon Member has mischaracterised what I said in my speech. I did not say to abandon meritocracy. What I was saying was that meritocracy, when it is taken to the extreme, it discourages our solidarity with the vulnerable.
And I believe even in her speech, she gave a lot of examples of the people who are falling through the cracks of the system. And I think, ultimately, these are the people who both are advocating for.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Ms Mariam Jaafar, would you like to respond to that?
Ms Mariam Jaafar: Thank you, Deputy Speaker. I think the Member now says that his point was if meritocracy is taken to the extreme. But that is precisely the problem of his argument. In Singapore, we do not take meritocracy to the extreme. We adapt it, we make it work and we are practical in our application of meritocracy.
As I said in my speech, I do not discount that there are people who are really struggling. I meet them every day and I try my best to help them every day. But you cannot blame that on meritocracy.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Fadli Fawzi, do you have a clarification of that? Proceed. Mr Fadli? Proceed, please.
Mr Fadli Fawzi: I have no further clarifications.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Time Limit for Minister's Speech","subTitle":"Suspension of Standing Orders","sectionType":"OS","content":"Mr Deputy Speaker: Leader of the House.
The Leader of the House (Ms Indranee Rajah): Mr Deputy Speaker, may I seek your consent and the general assent of Members present to move that the proceedings on the item under discussion be exempted from the provisions of Standing Order No 48(8) to remove the time limit in respect of Minister Ong Ye Kung's speech? Mr Ong will be speaking shortly, I believe.
Mr Deputy Speaker: I give my consent. Does the Leader of the House have the general assent of hon Members present to so move?
[(proc text) Hon Members indicated assent. (proc text)]
[(proc text) With the consent of Mr Deputy Speaker and the general assent of Members present, question put and agreed to. (proc text)]
[(proc text) Resolved, \"That the proceedings on the item under discussion be exempted from the provisions of Standing Order No 48(8) to remove the time limit in respect of Minister Ong Ye Kung's speech\". – [Ms Indranee Rajah.] (proc text)]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"President's Speech","subTitle":"Debate on Address of Thanks – second allotted day","sectionType":"OS","content":"The Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (Mr Ong Ye Kung): I will try my best to keep it within 40 minutes.
Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion. At each Opening of Parliament after a General Election (GE), it is customary for the PAP Government to reflect on our continuing political journey, what the people have told us with their votes during the GE. We then take stock of where we are, and what we need to do from here. This is what I will do today.
GE2025 was held against a global backdrop of war and uncertainty. It was also the first GE since the leadership transition. The stakes were therefore very high, as the outcome would shape how Singapore responds to the challenges ahead and would set the tone for our politics over the next five years.
It was a hard-fought election. In the end, Singaporeans made a decisive choice. Singaporeans gave the PAP a clear mandate to govern. We held our ground and increased our vote share from 2020. At the same time, the WP consolidated their ground in the constituencies they won in 2020 and increased their representation in Parliament by gaining two Non-Constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP) seats.
We are witnessing first-hand this outcome reflected in the Chamber today. The PAP, with a decisive majority, and in a position to act fast and adapt to changes in our environment, for the benefit of Singaporeans. And at the same time, the WP is now the only opposition party in Parliament, with a sizeable presence to provide a check on the ruling party.
This is the outcome Singaporeans chose. Voters have clear expectations of the role they want each party to play: the PAP, as the Government they want; and the WP, as the opposition they want. Each party now has the important task of fulfilling the roles the electorate expects of us.
How we perform our respective roles will influence our nation's political development. This is just as critical as our economic or social development. Because having the right politics that preserves our values, and maintains trust in the system of governance, is essential. It helps keep our social order intact and allows individuals and communities to flourish. Without the right politics, our society will be broken, and no amount of economic growth or Government programmes will be able to put things right.
So, what is right for Singapore? And how, should we, as elected representatives, do right by Singapore and Singaporeans? As we reflect on GE2025, these are my key takeaways and there are four.
First, GE2025 showed that Singaporeans value a stable and effective Government that will safeguard our well-being. The uncertain global and economic environment was undoubtedly on Singaporeans' minds when we went to the polls. Voters therefore leaned towards stability, choosing a government with a proven track record of steering the country through crises. We did so after \"September 11\", the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Given the global circumstances, I believe Singaporeans also want a government that not just takes care of domestic concerns, but also defends Singapore's interests on the global stage, ensuring that Singapore stands tall among the community of nations.
We, on this side of the House, therefore cannot be complacent. We will continue to step up our efforts to engage Singaporeans, understand the people's concerns and address them. We will uphold the PAP's ethos, always think and plan long-term, to serve the current and future generations of Singaporeans.
The second lesson is that our political system is still evolving. The GE2025 results show that Singaporeans want the PAP to remain in Government and to act decisively for Singapore. At the same time, the people also want an opposition in Parliament, as an alternative voice, and to provide a check on the Government.
Let me share a story. Not long after GE, I went to a coffeeshop, queuing up for \"tze char\". After I ordered, I chatted with fellow patrons, a middle-aged couple. They turned out to be my residents. They said they live in Sembawang. And we had a good chat. They were very friendly to me. They said opposite their house, Bukit Canberra, there were a wonderful swimming pool, a polyclinic and a hawker centre. And finally, when they got their food, they were leaving, they said, \"Minister, I want to tell you. I did not vote for you because we have to give the opposition a chance\". After all that friendly talk.
But this is the reality the PAP is facing. We may work hard, we deliver for residents, who may even say they like us. Yet, they vote for the opposition, while expecting that the PAP will still return to government.
Voters like this couple did not form the majority in Sembawang during GE2025. If their numbers had been bigger, I might not be standing here today, neither will Ms Mariam Jaafar.
The PAP understands and accepts our voters' desires for an opposition. That is why after GE2020, then-Prime Minister Lee formalised the position of the Leader of the Opposition. In GE2025, even before the campaign began, we said that the chances of an opposition wipeout were zero and we were right.
The election outcome suggests that Singaporeans are judiciously balancing between having PAP as government and an opposition presence as a check and balance. Calls for one-third of the seats to be held by the opposition did not sway voters. The WP, in fact, deliberately chose to contest fewer than one-third of the seats. I do not think this was solely for lack of suitable candidates. It was a considered, strategic decision, reading the mood of the electorate.
Collectively, Singaporeans decided to maintain the Parliamentary composition of the previous term. I infer that voters must have felt that it worked well for Singapore in the previous term of Government. After all, with a decisive majority, the PAP attended to important matters of the state and could guide Singapore through a devastating pandemic crisis. On issues such as cost of living, the opposition amplified ground concerns in Parliament. Each played the role the public expected.
Through GE2025, I believe voters are saying to us, \"Make this composition work for Singapore once again\".
Any future shift from this current composition will, no doubt, be carefully weighed by Singaporeans. Voters' judgement will depend on many factors, such as the quality of the candidates on both sides, the performance of the PAP as the ruling party in leading the country, our sensitivity and response to ground concerns, the performance of the WP as a responsible opposition voice, as they characterise themselves and the standards of honesty and integrity displayed by both parties.
This is a dynamic balance. It is not fixed in stone. It is quite possible other opposition parties besides the WP will come in the next time. They certainly are working hard to remain players. This is part of our political evolution.
The third lesson is that Singaporeans continue to be moderate and pragmatic in our political philosophy. Voters expect our politics and politicians to reflect that. Significantly, we did not see the surge in populism that has occurred in many countries. To be clear, every politician hopes to be popular. But to be a populist and practise populism, that is entirely a different thing.
Populists tend to employ an \"us versus them\" framing, which pits one group against another. They gain support by presenting themselves as champions of \"the people\", standing up fighting against elites, the institutions, or outsiders.
Further, populists offer simplistic solutions to complex problems and appeal mostly to emotions. Upon closer scrutiny, people will realise these simplistic solutions do not work. But when people are disillusioned and they are disgruntled, they hope for a silver bullet and they may give these simplistic solutions a chance.
Across the world, we have seen the rise of populism. It can be on the extreme left; it can be on the extreme right. For example, left-wing populism has a long history in Argentina – heavy taxes on the rich and on businesses to fund social spending, and a fight for labour rights. There is nothing inherently wrong with those positions and those policies. But when pushed to the extreme, businesses in Argentina prefer to go elsewhere. Jobs are destroyed, confidence evaporates, the currency collapses, and the economy goes into a tailspin. In the end, the workers and the ordinary people are the ones who suffer. This has happened to Argentina many times over the decades, but the populist movement persists in the country.
More common now is right-wing, far-right populism, often attributed to higher levels of immigration. We see it in the US, in Europe, in United Kingdom (UK), even in Australia and Japan. When the population starts to feel uncomfortable with the size of the inflow of immigrants, far-right politicians seize the opportunity to stoke nativist and anti-immigrant sentiments.
Populism takes societies on the road to ruin, creating irreconcilable rifts between communities, and fuelling xenophobia and racism. With no consideration for the long-term consequences or broader impact on society, eventually, either their fiscal system goes broke, or the society breaks apart.
Let us not think Singapore is immune to populism. We have witnessed populism in this Chamber too. This is for the benefit of new Members. Soon after GE2020, there were allegations by the Progress Singapore Party (PSP) that our Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with India, the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA), allowed professionals from India \"a free hand\" to come work in Singapore, and that was the cause of the employment challenges faced by Singaporean professionals.
It was a seductive and simplistic argument, which took on an ugly racial tone. CECA-themed websites sprouted, filled with disturbing xenophobic views. Minister Shanmugam called out the behaviour in Parliament. I was a former trade negotiator. I knew that the allegations were false, and I volunteered to deliver a Ministerial Statement on how FTA works, to debate the PSP and to clear the air. Then Minister Tan See Leng explained what the Government was doing to address the challenges faced by Singaporean professionals, which were not caused by the FTAs.
More constructive engagement helps build up our defences against populism. But the best defence against populism is for the people to reject it. To our great relief, that was what happened during GE2025. No party or candidate won any seat by proposing unsustainable social welfare programmes, tearing down institutions, or by stoking anti-foreigner sentiments. Instead, our better angels prevailed.
But we must understand this: populism does not appear out of nowhere or out of thin air. It arises from genuine, understandable concerns among the people, over the inequality they see in society, or excessive competition for jobs and space from foreigners.
Hence, the seeds of populism exist in every society. The question is whether these seeds are allowed to take root and grow. Anyone who peddles soft, partial truths, easy but incomplete solutions, waters these seeds; anyone who refuses the hard cognitive work of formulating rational policies provides fertile ground for the seeds.
The PAP government's job is to be keenly aware of what Singaporeans may be concerned about, address these concerns early, openly, and sensibly, and not let them fester and turn into something ugly that feeds populism. We did that hard work during the last term of government and we will continue to do so.
I should also add that although we kept populism at bay during GE2025, we came dangerously close when race and religion got mixed with politics. The Prime Minister himself had to call this out in the middle of the campaign. If things had played out differently, there would have been dire and lasting implications for the unity, harmony and very fabric of Singaporean society. We will have more to say about this later in this debate.
The final lesson from this GE is that Singaporeans are holding political parties to higher standards. This includes demanding more substantive information and arguments during an election.
Digital media is here to stay. It has led to a torrent of memes and attention-grabbing short videos popping up online, especially during the campaign. Many offer nothing more than a moment of entertainment or an emotional outlet. Some amount of such froth and frivolity is unavoidable during election season. But I do not think that the average voter has therefore become frivolous as a result.
On the contrary, Singaporeans are becoming more discerning, demanding quality information on policies put forth by various parties. The fact that Singaporeans take their duty as voters seriously was particularly apparent during GE2025, when voters attended rallies, if they missed these, they watched them online, some watched a second time Many turned to long-form podcasts, invested time to listen to candidates’ motivations and opinions; they left thoughtful comments and suggestions for candidates to think about.
Voters showed us that they are not easily persuaded by slogans or catchy phrases alone. They carefully weighed in-depth opinions and substantive explanations of policy proposals; while populist and simplistic proposals were treated with suspicion.
This willingness to take the time and trouble over political issues that we saw emerge during GE2025 may well be the defining characteristic of the Singaporean voter, but we cannot take it for granted.
Shortly after the hustings, the Leader of the Opposition appeared on a podcast with Keluar Sekejap in Malaysia and said that the PAP avoided engaging on difficult issues during the campaign.
I have a different view from Mr Pritam Singh. In fact, I think there was substantive discourse during the GE2025 campaign. When the issue of Goods and Services Tax (GST) came up again during the GE, the Prime Minister repeated the reasons for the increase. Ministers spoke at rallies and went on podcasts to further explain our policy positions.
The fact that the subject of GST did not catch fire during the campaign does not mean there was no discourse. It means that the PAP’s explanations went at least some way to soothe people’s natural unhappiness over a tax increase. Hence, more importantly, political discourse should not just happen during election campaigns. A hallmark of good governance is sustaining it throughout the term. And we have been engaging Singaporeans in this House, in and outside this House, on issues such as housing, cost of living and immigration. The WP themselves participated actively when we have debates in this Chamber.
As politics in Singapore mature, this is what Singaporeans expect. They want to hear different perspectives, and see a contest of good ideas, so that the best ones can be used to take Singapore forward. This is a much more meaningful discourse.
This is why alternative visions and pathways matter. The PAP has its set of governing principles and policies to take Singapore forward. Opposition parties can play an important role by setting out their long-term ideas, presenting clear alternative visions for governance, and outlining the pathways and policies to get there.
For alternatives to be meaningful, they must go beyond tweaking at the margins of Government proposals, or simply jumping on the bandwagon every time an issue goes viral. Singaporeans want to see clear, well-considered visions that allow them to weigh real choices about our nation’s future.
We see this dynamic institutionalised in other mature democracies. In the UK for example, the Tories were in favour of Brexit; while Labour was pro-EU. There was a referendum, Tories won. In Germany, the Christian Democratic Union is more conservative; the Social Democratic Party leans towards social spending; the Greens champion environmental sustainability. In the US, the Republicans traditionally favour low taxes and a small government; the Democrats, the opposite.
These distinct futures entail very different sets of policies. Such as how government taxes and spends, how it grows the economy and creates jobs, tackles inequality, brings about greater social mobility, or protects the environment. Different political parties ought to make clear these differences in their pitch to voters.
The WP has perhaps done this from time to time. For example, calling for zero growth in the number of foreign workers as opposed to a controlled inflow; or their preference for other forms of direct taxes instead of the broad-based GST; or spending more of the income from reserves on the current generation of Singaporeans, instead of an equal apportionment between current and future generations, which is the PAP’s position.
The Leader of Opposition had mentioned in a podcast I heard, describes Singapore as a \"1.5 party system\", with WP as the 0.5. I feel that if WP is positioning itself as the 0.5 in the 1.5 party system, I think it needs to present a principled, consistent and coherent approach to the main challenges facing Singapore.
In a maturing democracy, voters deserve and want more than positions that agree with the PAP’s policies in general but suggest \"let’s do a bit more\", or offer something that appears to be more generous, more compassionate, and yet requires fewer hard choices. This falls short of being a real alternative. A real alternative promises gains with accompanying trade-offs, so that voters can make informed decisions and not be lulled into comforting illusions.
The PAP, for example, we say we must continue to fund healthcare with an ageing population, and to afford that GST has got to go up. That is a real proposal.
In a mature democracy, these are the kinds of issues that should form the substance of political debate. It should be a design feature, not a bug. That way, a vote for the PAP is not just a vote for a government that is decisive and nimble, but also an endorsement of the PAP’s principles and tried and tested methods of governance. A vote for the opposition is not just a vote for checks and balances, but also the policies and directions that will follow from that vote.
I should further underscore that each vote is also an endorsement of the character and commitment of the candidates standing behind the party’s banner. This is how our democracies should work. And if voters vote wisely, this is how we can continue to strengthen trust, accountability and good governance in Singapore.
Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, in the lead-up to and during the hustings, I appeared as a guest on several podcasts. On one of them, the host asked me, in all seriousness: \"Why can’t the political parties just get along? Someone come with a good idea, you say 'That is a good idea, lets work on it together.' Why can't you do that?\" My response to him was along the following lines, but today I am elaborating a little bit.
Humans are the only living things capable of living in large and complex societies, where different groups with diverse, sometimes diametrically opposed interests, aspirations and affiliations can co-exist peacefully. One might hope that such harmony be a perpetual state of affairs. But harmony is never guaranteed. In fact, in the earlier civilisations, humans formed tribes and kingdoms to compete against and kill one another. Tragically, this is still happening in some societies today.
Our ability to co-exist in complex societies rests primarily on good governance. In societies with the right preconditions, democracy plays a big part. Various groups find their representation in political parties which then contest elections. The winners secure a mandate to govern in line with the vision and plans that they campaigned on. Not everyone will be happy with the outcome, but in a mature democracy, the minority will accept what the majority have chosen. The majority may also make compromises so that the minority can better accept the outcomes. As for the parties that lost, they will bide their time, and hope to topple the winner in the next electoral cycle. This is how a democracy works. What would have been brutal wars and bloodshed amongst competing factions is now replaced by political debate and a democratic contest between political parties. Better jaw-jaw than war-war.
Contest, debate, compromises and political parties trying to outdo each other are therefore inherent to our society and system of governance. It was a serious response to a serious question on the podcast. My hosts made light of it, but I think they were disappointed, even worried. They may have good cause to be. We have seen, elsewhere, how political contestation has hardened into divisive politics often tied to identity and driven deep wedges between communities. Voters and politicians alike take increasingly polarised positions. Politics then turns into an all-out struggle. The result is entrenched division and lasting discord.\tBut this need not be the inevitable outcome of political contest. The true test of a good system of governance lies in its ability to hold a diverse society together despite disagreements, thereby strengthening unity and cohesion.
To do this, society must get its politics right.
All of us in this Parliament have a role to play, by conducting ourselves in a manner worthy of the trust Singaporeans have placed in us. I have gone through my takeaways from GE2025 to remind us of what these roles are.
To my fellow Singaporeans, I say: continue to be discerning, demanding of information, insights and alternative visions and pathways for the nation, so that collectively, we can decide the kind of future we want, and who best to lead us there.
To my fellow MPs, I say: address the needs of our residents at the local level; discharge our roles as legislators in this Chamber; and most importantly, perform our duties with integrity and with honour.
As for the PAP, the ruling party, we will always strive to address issues that are of deep concern to Singaporeans. We commit ourselves to be a Government for all Singaporeans, including those who did not vote for us, like the couple I met at the tze char stall, including those who are too young to vote, including the future generations yet to be born. We must uphold the principles of governance that brought us here. We must recognise the trade-offs in every policy move and carefully balance the various considerations and then explain to the people our decision. Above all, we must always think long term for Singapore.
And as for the WP, I hope you are, as you have described yourself, a loyal and responsible opposition, deserving of your significant presence in Parliament. That means remaining loyal to Singapore, to our people and to the national values that have brought us peace, stability and progress over the last 60 years. As the sole Opposition party in Parliament, the WP must justify its standing and develop its own alternative vision, policies and pathways for Singapore. An alternative path and vision are the essence of democratic discourse, and also what a more discerning and informed populace expects to see. And there are some cardinal rules that all political parties must abide by, whether in or out of Parliament.
Integrity in politics is crucial, on both sides of the aisle. Singaporeans have come to expect high standards of honesty and accountability from the government and the governing party. These same standards must apply to opposition parties, particularly those which present themselves as a serious alternative. Whether it is the Prime Minister or the Leader of the Opposition, the same standards must be upheld, both by the persons themselves and by the public.
Unfortunately, from time to time, we will have members that commit acts that are unethical, even illegal. Human nature being what it is, no political party is immune to that. But when that happens, how we respond as a political party matters. We need to acknowledge the shortcomings, take decisive actions, take responsibility, reflect and do what is necessary to prevent future occurrences. We have an overriding duty to preserve the integrity of our institutions and of the political system as a whole.
The President also spoke about needing to prioritise our unity and resisting any politics that seeks to divide Singapore and Singaporeans. Regardless of which side of the House we sit on, we must never allow foreign actors to influence what is for Singaporeans to decide. We must not exploit foreign controversies for domestic political advantage, nor allow foreigners to exploit our domestic politics to drive a wedge in our society. We must protect our common space. Reject populism. Never pit one group against another, nor sacrifice the common good for narrow interests or short-term political gains. I hope everyone in this Chamber will agree with what I just outlined.
It is my sincere wish that both sides of this House will come together in this long-term endeavour to forge a strong system of governance for Singapore and all Singaporeans, regardless of race, language, religion, or political affiliation. Only then, can politics truly serve the greater good of our country. Only then, will we continue to draw strength from our diversity, as we always have so far. That is, and must remain, our unique Singapore advantage. That way, Singapore will be better governed than most. We will stand tall in the world. We will remain proud to be Singaporeans – who sing the same national anthem, recite the same pledge, and call this little red dot home. And we will know, deep in our hearts, that we are unbreakable as one people. [Applause.]
Mr Deputy Speaker: Leader of the Opposition, you have a clarification of the speech by the Minister? It is a clarification of the speech?
Mr Pritam Singh (Aljunied): I have three clarifications —
Mr Deputy Speaker: Please proceed.
Mr Pritam Singh: Clarifications for the hon Minister. I must say I never expected a report card of the PAP performance and GE2025, so I will respond as how the Minister delivered his speech in that order as far as I can.
The Minister made a point that at the conclusion of the elections, the PAP will work hard for those who did not vote for it as well. I second that position because immediately when the results were announced, when I thanked voters of Aljunied GRC, I made the same point to the voters in Aljunied GRC: you may not have voted the WP – and about 40% of them did not – my commitment to them, as was the commitment I made to them in 2020, was we would serve them equally.
Taking that as my preamble, the first point I would like to make is about a point I know the PAP harps on a lot, which is a demand for alternative policies, ideas and so forth. The Minister spoke about mature democracies, he used the example of political systems in the UK, in Germany, real choices.
We have to look at both these societies as what they are and how deep the political systems are compared to ours. We have had a one-party dominant system since Independence. These two societies are very different, so it is inevitable that alternatives would be a key function of what each of these parties – be it democratic socialists, christian socialists, labour, conservatives – what they bring to the voter in their societies.
Our system is very different. We deal with significant asymmetries of information.
I move onto the next point the Minister made. He made it a little bit earlier about the WP in his view, in his opinion, deliberately choosing to contest less than one third of the seats. We had roughly, if I remember correctly, one and a half months from the time the electoral boundaries report was released and Nomination Day – thereabouts. In that time the opposition, specifically the WP, we have got to organise the individuals we have, the members we have, and persuade them to stand for the GE. It is a short period of time, and in that period of time, you also have to deal with the reality of new single member constituencies (SMCs), sometimes new GRCs. So, we are not clairvoyant. Unlike the Government, we do not have the capacity to conduct survey after survey to understand where the population is on certain issues. So, the realities are quite different.
But in spite of that, I take the Minister's point that Singaporeans want an alternative and since they want an alternative, we do our best to present it to them. We put together some collaterals for members of the public to review, put together a manifesto, where we differ from the PAP, and put together our ideas for the voter to consider.
I disagree with the Minister when he says there is no chance of an opposition wipeout. In the circumstances that the PAP is in, and the opposition are in in Singapore, given the tremendous resources that are available to the PAP to reach out on a day-to-day level in the constituency, through the Peoples Association (PA), for example, it is chalk and cheese.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Singh, if I could invite you to kindly progress to your clarifications, rather than preamble it with a long speech? I have listened very carefully, and I am trying to thread through what you are saying based on what Minister Ong Ye Kung has said. I think you can get to your clarifications in a little bit more efficient manner. So, I invite you to go to your clarifications, Mr Singh.
Mr Pritam Singh: So, my clarification really has been already shared in terms of the Minister's view of whether there was a deliberate decision made to contest fewer seats. Like I said, we are not clairvoyant, we put the best people we can find forward and present what we can in the circumstances, to represent an alternative for Singaporeans.
The last clarification that I would like to put forth is with regard to what was shared with the Minister in the podcast, where I think the words were \"why can't everyone work together?\" The Minister used a very interesting analogy, which I probably would not. \"Jaw-jaw and war-war\" if I remember, was used by Churchill in a very aggressive way.
I would say the question that we face as a society now is a little simpler. We are at a very interesting juncture, an important transition in our history as a country. Are we prepared to accept, is the PAP government prepared to accept for example, an opposition MP who has the mandate from the public welcoming new citizens into Singapore? Is the Government prepared to allow opposition MPs to be present and to welcome these new citizens as part of our society? Because that would reflect a certain maturity that I believe is where Singapore has arrived at, and if I can be so bold, it may well be something that Singaporeans demand of the PAP.
So, as much as the PAP wants us to consider alternatives, which I think you are entitled to, I think the PAP should also consider from the WP's perspective, how we can be more united as a people.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Mr Singh, if I could kindly request you to summarise your last point? You have gone a little bit further than what the content of Minister Ong's speech was. I have given you leeway. Please summarise your last clarification in order for Minister Ong then to reply if he so wishes.
Mr Pritam Singh: So, I would suggest that as much as there is scope for alternatives from the opposition, there is scope for the PAP also to play a part in building a more united Singapore with the opposition in mind.
Mr Deputy Speaker: Minister Ong Ye Kung, would you like to respond to those clarifications?
Mr Ong Ye Kung: Certainly. It should not quite be presented as clarifications, so I will try to respond in general.
The people demand many things of us, both as ruling party as well as opposition. I think the people will increasingly demand coherent alternatives from WP, put together principles, philosophies. What is your vision? What is the pathway? How do we get there? What is the set of policies? And to your credit from time to time you have mentioned some of them but the people will demand coherent set of consistent policies and principles. And they will demand likewise PAP to do better and for all their demands, we will have to reflect, \"What can we do better for the people?
The Leader of Opposition mentioned a couple of his pet peeves, one is boundaries coming out a month and a half before the election. I should say this: most PAP MPs in this House, when the boundaries reports come out, everyone scrambles, we were equally scrambling. Whenever the boundaries come out, suddenly you have an SMC, suddenly you have to form another division, re-deploy your volunteers. We may have an advantage because we are present in every constituency, so maybe there is an advantage there. But we are also scrambling every time the boundaries reports come out.
But we know it is necessary. The population changes, new developments, a group of civil servants look at the data and they propose new boundaries. We have to let them do their job and adapt to it.
The Leader of Opposition mentioned PA and citizenship ceremony. I will just say, under the Constitution and the law, an elected MP has two functions. One is to be a legislator in this House, the other is to manage the Town Council. There is no PA. PA and grassroots work is a policy of the PAP Government. That we decided to set up a Statutory Board, gather as many volunteers as we can, and gauge the ground, bring communities together, help the children grow up well, help parents cope with parenting, help the seniors stay healthy, promote exercise – none of this is in the law or Constitution. But we do that to help our constituencies and our residents.
Citizenship ceremony is one such event. I do not know of any country where you become a new citizen, the grassroots hold an event and talk to you about being Singaporean, what it means and then sing the national anthem and gather together. So, these are all part of the PAP policies to engage the ground.
The Leader of Opposition talks about no chance of a wipeout. In the hearts of Singaporeans, they know that there is no chance of a wipeout. And reading the ground, we know there is no chance of a wipeout.
The desire for a check on the PAP is very strong, precisely because we have a good majority. And that desire is so strong we see cases all the time, like what I mentioned, the couple at the tze char stall, friendly to us, like what we are doing, \"want you to be Government\", want me to continue as Health Minister, but \"I am not voting for him, I need to support the opposition\".
You have a role here. The opposition has a role in the governance of Singapore, and we have to take that seriously and accept there is no chance of a wipeout. There is no equilibrium, it is a dynamic balance. From term to term, people will have a different balance in their mind, but we must accept that people now want the PAP government; for now, they want the PAP government, but they also want an opposition presence.
Mr Pritam Singh talked about our circumstances being different from the UK or US. In 1963, this was a much smaller Chamber with 13 Barisan Sosialis Members, minority, small minority. But they stood for a different vision, with different sets of policies. They disagreed with the PAP on big issues of the day – merger with Malaysia, teaching of language, particularly Chinese, National Service. After 1965, of course, it then became PAP-dominant.
But over the years, we saw WP come some way – from one to two single seats, they now have two GRCs, plus a couple of single seats and two NCMPs. Mr Pritam Singh is now the Leader of the Opposition. There is no chance of a wipeout, in our view, and people expect WP to play an important role. And in this GE2025, the WP were quite close to winning another two GRCs. Next election, no doubt, it will be even more tough. And when you have come this far, I do believe the people will demand and Singapore will need WP to come up with alternate policies, as in the past, Barisan Sosialis did with a small number of seats.
I say all these not that I wish it will come true. But should WP really rise to the occasion and do this and be able to stand and contest the ruling party as the democrats and republicans do each other in the US, or Tories and Labour do each other in UK, actually, life will be harder for PAP. Contest will be so much more intense. People will be so much more discerning with who they choose. But it is the right political direction for Singapore; focus our energy.
I take the Member's point about \"jaw-jaw\" and \"war-war\". We are not really fighting, but we are arguing. We are presenting different views. We are arguing the merits and trade-offs of those directions, and those visions when Singaporeans choose. If we focus our energy on such discourse, I think it is the right direction for Singapore. [Applause.]
Mr Deputy Speaker: No further clarifications, Leader of the Opposition? None. Then, we will move on. Mr Saktiandi Supaat.
Mr Saktiandi Supaat (Bishan-Toa Payoh): Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I thank the President for his Address and I support the Motion.
As the President reminded us, we are living in \"a more unsettled and chaotic world\". These external uncertainties are beyond our control. But what we can control is how we strengthen our social compact at home. That is how we ensure peace, security and prosperity for our people.
Mr Deputy Speaker, as the President also reminded us, fairness is a work never finished. Singapore has long held meritocracy as a core value, that effort and ability should determine success, not birth or background. While aggregate inequality measures have not worsened materially in recent years, the lived experience tells a different story. Basic costs, housing and education opportunities still weigh more heavily on some households, and perceptions of unfairness remain real. This is what academics call the gap between macro trends and lived realities. If left unaddressed, it can weaken trust in our social compact.
Equality, like fairness, is never absolute but our duty is to keep narrowing the gaps so that opportunities and security are shared across society. So, I will focus on three areas: protecting livelihoods, ensuring retirement adequacy and empowering every Singaporean, young and old, to co-pilot our shared future. Mr Deputy Speaker, in Malay, please.
(In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] As the President has reminded us, Singapore must always uphold the principle of \"we first\" – ensuring that economic growth benefits everyone and that no one is left behind.
The inflation rate has declined from 6.1% in 2022 to 0.8% in June this year. Nevertheless, families still feel the pressure at the market, at clinics and when paying utility bills. Prices today are much higher compared to three years ago. However, Government measures, such as the Assurance Package and CDC vouchers, have helped significantly. But as the Prime Minister reminded us, these are not long-term solutions.
While inflation affects everyone, its impact is most keenly felt by low-income families. Meritocracy only works when basic needs are met and opportunities are distributed fairly. Equality of opportunity does not come naturally. It must be pursued through policies that provide protection to those most affected.
Therefore, I would like to propose an automatic Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) mechanism. Additional relief to schemes, like ComCare or Silver Support, can be activated when inflation for essential goods exceeds a certain threshold. With smart monitoring using artificial intelligence, this relief can be delivered accurately in a timely, targeted and predictable manner.
To make this proposal more practical, I recommend three key features. First, essential basket trigger based on inflation in food, utilities, transport and healthcare. Second, automatic activation. When inflation exceeds 3% to 4% on an annual average, assistance is adjusted in the next cycle. Third, scaled and controlled. More assistance is given to those who are less fortunate, with limits to ensure fiscal sustainability.
This is not something new. In the US, social security benefits are automatically adjusted according to inflation. Canada and many European countries also adjust pensions and social welfare annually. Even Japan links pensions to the Consumer Price Index (CPI), despite experiencing periods of low inflation. This shows that COLA mechanisms are not excessive promises, but prudent measures to protect dignity and stability.
Mr Deputy Speaker, I am aware that Singapore's inflation rate is on average, low, around 2%, and now below 1%. But what matters more is our people’s actual experience when food or utility prices increase much faster than the average CPI. For families living on tight budgets, even moderate inflation feels very burdensome. This is why a targeted COLA mechanism can provide assurance where it is most needed.
I also acknowledge concerns that such a mechanism might be seen as fiscally unsustainable, seemingly creating unlimited liability when inflation spikes. But that is not my proposal. Singapore's version must be targeted, capped and reviewed annually. It would only apply to certain basic schemes, activated only when clear thresholds are exceeded, and assistance provided according to need. In this way, we balance compassion with fiscal discipline, building a safety net for the most vulnerable, while maintaining Singapore's traditional prudence.
Additionally, we should also consider a Caregiver Credit or Support, similar to the Workfare Income Supplement Scheme, to recognise and provide better support to those who temporarily need to exit the workforce to care for children, elderly parents or relatives with disabilities or chronic illnesses. Such a scheme could provide CPF contributions or direct financial support, so that caregivers do not have to sacrifice their long-term security while caring for family. I heard all these during the M3 post-National Day Rally dialogue last year, where I received appeals from caregivers requesting improvements, for instance, on the issues of caregiver leave and financial assistance for them.
(In English): Mr Deputy Speaker, I will now continue in English. Beyond helping families manage today's cost pressures, we must also think long-term, about retirement adequacy and how Singaporeans can age with dignity. The President reminded us that fairness is a work never finished. One of the key tests of fairness is how we care for seniors after a lifetime of work.
By 2030, one in four citizens will be aged 65 and above. We must ensure retirement adequacy for all. We should be prepared for more elderly couples living on their own, as more and more young Singaporeans aspire to live independently sooner. Ensuring the retirement adequacy of each and every Singaporean is, therefore, critical in our goal for our seniors to age actively with dignity and purpose.
Our CPF system is rightly regarded as one of the most sustainable in the world. Having previously been involved in the earlier round of CPF changes as a member of the CPF advisory panel, there is broad consensus that our CPF system works, even as we try to figure how we can tweak it to make it better. In contrast, rising life expectancies, inflationary pressures and changing work patterns have caused many pension systems abroad to falter because benefits have not kept pace with inflation, or because public finances are overstretched. We must act early to guard against these risks. I have some suggestions.
First, predictability. While MOM has announced that it will raise the Basic Retirement Sum for future cohorts, can we give Singaporeans more certainty by setting out a 10- to 15-year path of increase? This way, families can plan ahead with confidence and each increment will hopefully be less politicised or face less sceptical questioning of its motives.
Second, inclusivity. We should further strengthen CPF top-ups and matching schemes. The Matched Retirement Savings Scheme has helped seniors with smaller CPF balances, but its income ceiling and eligibility criteria are presently narrow. We could, perhaps, expand it to include part-time workers, caregivers re-entering the workforce and even selected groups of younger workers in their 30s and 40s, so that interest compounding works in their favour earlier in life.
Third, protection. To protect retirees from spikes in inflation, I propose an inflation-linked CPF LIFE options, so payouts rise in line with the cost of living. Currently, CPF LIFE only offers lifelong monthly payouts on the decreasing Basic plan, the constant Standard plan or the increasing Escalating plan. Under my proposal, the base payouts may start slightly lower, but they will rise in tandem with the CPI. As with the other plans, this would be on a voluntary opt-in basis and it should assuage members who fear the erosion of purchasing power after they stop working.
Fourth, equity. It may also be time to review the 4% interest floor on Retirement Accounts, which was set back in 2008. A modest increase, or alternatively, on a tiered floor for the first $60,000, would especially benefit lower-income seniors who have smaller CPF balances.
Fifth, Mr Deputy Speaker, flexibility. Simplify the Lease Buyback Scheme and create a family buyback option, letting children co-purchase part of the lease to provide parents retirement cashflow, for example.
Sixth, dignity in work. Enhance re-employment incentives, longer contracts and phased-down roles for seniors, while keeping CPF contributions meaningful.
And finally, seventh, Mr Deputy Speaker, healthcare assurance. Explore a combined MediSave retirement plan, setting aside part of payouts for healthcare, with an opt-out for those already well-covered, where part of payouts are automatically set aside for healthcare expenditure in excess of what is covered by MediShield Life. This would reduce anxiety for seniors, who often fear that a single hospital bill, a single hospital bill, could wipe out their retirement savings. This can be implemented with an opt-out mechanism for seniors who are adequately secured by hospitalisation or accident insurance.
Mr Deputy Speaker, these proposed refinements will together boost confidence in our retirement system and its ability to see each of us through life. They will give assurance that no Singaporean, after a lifetime of work, will be left to face old age amidst insecurity.
Mr Deputy Speaker, as the President also noted, we must give every citizen confidence about their place in society and that begins with our youths. They must be co-pilots of our journey and not passengers. Youth unemployment is higher than national average and many worry about employability in an age of AI.
So, first, evolve SkillsFuture into a family credit system: more credits when more family members upskill together. Second, the suggestion will be to expand the SkillsFuture Level-Up Programme to Singaporeans below 40, so that younger workers can also upgrade and pivot. Third, broaden the definition of success. Let us celebrate entrepreneurship, trades, the arts and sports, not just traditional jobs.
For the arts, perhaps, the expanded National Arts Council scholarships could also explore a \"dual career\" pathway, similar to what spexEducation provides for our Team Singapore athletes. This would reassure talented artists that they can pursue their craft with confidence, while also having academic and career options to fall back on. It would make a career in the arts not just inspiring, but also sustainable.
And fourth, prioritise mental well-being. With one in three youths facing severe stress or anxiety, we must normalise seeking help, expanding counselling access and create safe spaces.
Mr Deputy Speaker, research from the National Institute of Education at the Nanyang Technological University and others finds that many young Singaporeans perceive our meritocracy as too narrowly focused on early academic performance – narrowing definitions of success and straining student well-being. We must broaden our pathways if equality of opportunity is to remain real.
At the same time, vices like vaping pose risks. Enforcement alone is insufficient. So, we must guide youths back through positive communities – in gaming, arts, social causes or professional networks. Our youths are our future and our promise for the next 60 years.
Mr Deputy Speaker, whether facing global storms or domestic challenges, we must keep our social compact strong. As the President reminded us, fairness is never finished. It must be renewed in every generation. And if fairness is never finished, then equality and meritocracy are also work never finished. It is not enough to reward effort – we must also level the playing field, so that every Singaporean, regardless of birth or background, has a true chance to rise.
Singapore’s story has never been written by Government alone. It has always been co-authored by our people – families, workers, entrepreneurs, communities alike.
If we hold fast to this spirit of partnership – recognising that putting “we first” does not mean neglecting “me first”\t– that our personal success is strengthened when our community succeeds. We can forge a new compact: one where growth is inclusive, every Singaporean has a stake and our youths are inspired to lead the future. Together, let us carry Singapore forward with confidence, courage, unity, equality so that social mobility is always a possibility. [Applause.]
Mr Deputy Speaker: Senior Minister of State Dr Koh Poh Koon.
The Senior Minister of State for Health and Manpower (Dr Koh Poh Koon): Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, the President’s Address has set out the vision for the next chapter of Singapore’s journey. This includes enhancing assurance at every stage of life as our economy transforms and enabling long-term employability and protecting our vulnerable.
MOM supports this vision. We will empower Singaporeans to prepare for the future economy, support our workers through their life stages and uplift and protect vulnerable workers – leaving no Singaporean behind.
[Mr Speaker in the Chair]
Since the last President’s address in 2023, MOM has worked hard to create good outcomes for workers and businesses alike, in close collaboration with our tripartite partners.
We launched Career Health SG to empower workers to chart out meaningful and resilient careers. Workers can also reskill into jobs in growth sectors through Career Conversion Programmes. We supported businesses to transform and remain competitive while providing good jobs for Singaporeans. We strengthened retirement adequacy for Singaporeans born in 1973 and earlier through the Majulah Package, with CPF top-ups to support their retirement and healthcare needs.
We improved protection for vulnerable groups, such as the Jobseeker Support Scheme for those who lost their jobs involuntarily and uplifted the wages of lower-wage workers through the Progressive Wage Model (PWM). We also legislated stronger safeguards for platform workers through the Platform Workers Act. We advanced workplace fairness and inclusivity through the Workplace Fairness Act and Tripartite Guidelines on Flexible Work Arrangement Requests (TG-FWAR).
We will continue to be agile and adapt our policies to a rapidly changing world.
Geopolitical tensions and the fraying of the multilateral trading system are disrupting our traditional trade and supply chains. As a small and open economy, our businesses feel these shocks acutely. Technological changes are accelerating, with significant advancements driven by AI. Our workforce is evolving too.
By 2030, one in four Singaporeans will be 65 or older. This presents challenges, but also opportunities to harness the wisdom and experience of our senior workers.
Our youths are more educated, globally connected and want to chart their own paths. Many desire careers aligned with their passions and values. A National Youth Council survey found that more young Singaporeans wanted to, I quote, “discover, design or invent something new”.
Against this backdrop of change, we must press on together with workers and businesses – to learn continuously, adapt and move forward as one.
MOM will focus on four key thrusts by empowering Singaporeans to navigate the future of work; supporting career longevity; expanding opportunities for workers and businesses; and ensuring inclusive growth.
Let me start with the first thrust on how we are empowering Singaporeans to navigate the future of work.
Whether the challenge is demographic, technological or geopolitical, we will support workers to pivot and seize opportunities that emerge from each wave of disruption. For many Singaporeans, digital disruption, particularly by AI, is top of mind. Many are excited about the opportunities that AI provides because if leveraged well, these advancements can automate routine tasks and allow workers to take on more fulfilling roles. On the flipside, many worry about the impact AI might have on their job security.
On our part, the Government will work together with workers and businesses across all levels – at the national, enterprise and individual level – to strengthen our human capital, so that we can leverage on AI positively. At the national level, under the Economic Strategy Review and our National AI strategy, MOM will support our workforce to develop broad-based AI literacy and competencies. At the enterprise level, MOM’s initiatives like the Enterprise Workforce Transformation Package, which will couple support for business transformation with workforce development, ensuring that technology elevates rather than eliminates workers.
MOM will also work closely with NTUC, the Singapore National Employers Federation and unions to redesign jobs and equip and empower every worker. At the individual level, we will help Singaporeans build more resilient careers and navigate AI disruption. To support our national lifelong learning movement and ensure that skills training leads to good job outcomes, MOM launched Career Health SG, a SkillsFuture initiative, in July this year. Career Health SG uses AI tools to equip Singaporeans with jobs and skills insights, career guidance and employment facilitation, matching them to good jobs where their skills are most relevant and valued. It is about realising the potential of Singapore’s most precious resource – our people. Through digital tools under MyCareersFuture, such as the Careers and Skills Passport and CareersFinder, we help individuals explore more career choices and options, and chart career and skills upgrading plans towards their career aspirations. Those who want to get started on their career health journey can visit the Career Health SG website, a one-stop portal consolidating the resources available to support Singaporeans and employers.
Beyond digital tools, employed individuals who prefer in-person guidance can receive personalised career support from certified coaches to plan ahead under our Polaris programme. Jobseekers can also tap on peer-level support from our Volunteer Career Advisors, who offer sector-specific insights and practical guidance based on real-world industry experience.
We will also strengthen the ecosystem of career and employment services to better match jobseekers to jobs, and better match potential to opportunities, even as our labour market grows increasingly diverse and complex. To achieve this, we need deeper partnership and collaboration with the vibrant network of private sector recruitment and job placement agencies, and online job portals. We have therefore launched an Alliance for Action on Advancing Career and Employment Services (AfA-ACES) to co-create with industry players innovative solutions to redesign jobs, enhance talent management and deepen our human capital.
As Singaporeans gain new skills throughout their careers, they also build strong relationships, grow vast networks and hone their leadership skills – these are soft skills that are not easily replaceable by technology and AI.
Even as we pursue these longer-term strategies, we recognise the anxieties that Singaporeans face over jobs today, especially from fresh graduates who are entering the workforce. Even though the employment rate of graduates in the 2025 cohort as of June has increased by four percentage points compared to the 2024 cohort at the same time last year, there are significantly more fresh graduates who have been actively looking for jobs. This increase in active jobseekers – about 1,700 more as compared to 2024 – may have contributed to a stronger sense of job competition among fresh graduates.
Global factors including economic headwinds from increased trade tensions and geopolitical conflicts, as well as growing concerns over AI taking over entry-level jobs could have further amplified the anxieties of fresh graduates.
We have therefore launched the GRaduate Industry Traineeship (GRIT) programme to boost opportunities for fresh graduates, help them gain industry-relevant experience, and facilitate their transition into full-time employment should they face difficulties in their job search. Minister Tan See Leng has already given a lengthy discourse on this at the Question Time earlier today, so I shall not elaborate further but surprise to say we will continue to support young workers so that they can start well and progress in their careers.
I will now turn to the second thrust on how we are supporting career longevity and strengthening retirement adequacy.
As we live longer and the global economy transforms, our lives will no longer follow a linear path of education, work and retirement. As new industries, jobs and skills emerge, we need to continually upskill and reskill to stay relevant. The healthcare sector is accustomed to this, due to the fast-changing nature – medical technologies. New drugs are coming onstream every so often, new treatment protocols, new trial results are coming out every month and so healthcare workers are used to this. But now other industry sectors are also experiencing a similar increased pace of technological change, maybe not as fast as healthcare but, certainly faster than what they were used to before so they must also embrace lifelong learning and continual education just like our healthcare workers. The DNA and the mindset of our workers must change.
For seniors, we will make available good opportunities and support so them can continue working with dignity and security.
We will also explore how to facilitate flexible arrangements at work or short career breaks for those who wish for a better balance between their career aspirations and caregiving needs. These needs are expected to increase as our population ages. Many seniors have also told me that they do not see work and retirement as all-or-nothing. They want to rightfully reap the rewards of their many years of hard work, by taking a break, travelling the world, having more time with their grandchildren. At the same time, they wish to stay engaged in the workforce and in society, in ways that bring them fulfilment and purpose.
The Government will support Singaporeans in their multi-stage careers and work-life aspirations. This includes workers with caregiving responsibilities, who will benefit from the Tripartite Guidelines on Flexible Work Arrangement Request, which outline how employers should handle FWA requests based on business needs.
MOM and our tripartite partners also convened the Tripartite Workgroup on Senior Employment, which will reimagine ways to support career longevity. As Co-Chair of this Tripartite Workgroup, I have heard from workers, unions and employers on their aspirations and challenges regarding senior employment.
Those who are dropping out of work in the early 50s – years before their retirement age – shared with me that they are unable to balance their caregiving needs or need more support in upskilling to remain relevant and competitive in the workspace.
Employers have also shared their challenges in supporting multi-generational workplaces, which can effectively tap on the experience and expertise of senior workers, whilst combining the energies and skills of the younger generation.
The Tripartite Workgroup is hard at work studying the gaps and challenges faced by different workers and industries and will update on our recommendations by early next year.
The TWG-SE has also launched an AfA to partner employers in piloting innovative solutions that help to empower Multi-stage Careers for Mature Workers. One of our prospective partners is Unilever, who plans to pilot their “Value In Value Up” programme under the AfA. The pilot aims to redesign jobs and train mature workers to integrate AI capabilities into their functional expertise and may subsequently engage these workers in fractional or project-based roles in Unilever. These roles include areas such as streamlining of operational processes and AI research. The pilot meets Unilever’s need for agile talent while providing mature workers with meaningful fractional work opportunities.
Another issue close to the hearts of our seniors and future seniors is whether they have enough for retirement. Our CPF system is designed to help Singaporeans plan and save for this stage of life. It is built on a strong social compact that reflects our values – the belief in shared responsibility. This means individuals taking charge of their own retirement savings, while family, the community and the Government will also come in to provide help for those in more vulnerable settings.
MOM will continue to review and strengthen the CPF system, such that those who work and contribute consistently to their CPF can be assured of meeting their basic retirement needs in their golden years. This includes raising the Basic Retirement Sum for cohorts beyond 2027, to set aside more savings in CPF LIFE, which will provide lifelong retirement income and peace of mind that comes with this guaranteed income stream.
For those who are unable to save enough despite their best efforts, society as a whole must collectively come in to support them together. We have put in place several measures to strengthen their retirement adequacy. First, the Workfare Income Supplement Scheme supplements the income and CPF savings of lower-wage workers while they work. Second, the Matched Retirement Savings Scheme provides a matching grant for top-ups, including from loved ones or others in the community. Third, the Silver Support Scheme provides targeted help for seniors who have earned low incomes during their working years and now have less in retirement.
With rising costs of living and higher aspirations in retirement lifestyles, we also want to empower Singaporeans to start earlier and plan ahead for their retirement across key milestones in life. In this vein, I encourage everyone to leverage on CPF's new one-stop financial guidance platform called Plan Life Ahead, Now! (PLAN), which will support members to make more informed and prudent financial decisions across different life stages. Mr Speaker, Sir, I will now say a few words in Mandarin.
(In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] As Singaporeans' average lifespan extends, more senior workers hope to achieve a better balance between career goals and caring for their families.
Employees, unions and employers have shared with me their expectations and challenges regarding senior employment. The Tripartite Workgroup on Senior Employment will explore how to better support employees in extending their careers and will release its recommendations next year.
Through the AfA on Empowering Multi-Stage Careers for Mature Workers, we will collaborate with employers to pilot innovative solutions. The Government, employers and unions will work together to help senior workers have fulfilling careers, be it in their existing jobs, adopting flexible work arrangements, taking short career breaks or finding re-employment through learning new skills.
Another issue of concern for seniors and those approaching retirement is whether their retirement savings are sufficient to cope with the current rising costs of living. In this regard, we will continue to strengthen the CPF system so that Singaporeans who continue contributing to CPF can be assured of meeting their basic retirement needs in their golden years.
(in English): Sir, now let me go onto the third thrust on expanding economic opportunities for all, empowering the broad middle of workers to progress in their careers.
For mid-career workers, we are expanding opportunities and pathways towards better jobs. Our Career Conversion Programmes (CCPs) have seen success, with more than 37,000 individuals reskilling into jobs in growth sectors over the last five years. About nine in 10 CCP participants have remained employed 24 months after the programme, while six in 10 earned more than their last drawn salaries.
Take Mr Wong Kok Sin, who was reskilled through the CCP for Electronics, after being in the industry for more than 20 years. As the Director for Internal Manufacturing Production at ams-OSRAM, Mr Wong is responsible for strategic planning and process optimisation, as well as mentoring teams and driving operational excellence. The AI tools he picked up through the CCP allowed him to explore how smart manufacturing and prompt engineering can streamline operations and enhance decision making, leading to increased productivity.
For those who aspire to climb the corporate ladder, we are expanding opportunities for them to gain critical experience to do so. In keeping with our position as a global business hub, many businesses have told us that overseas exposure is key for Singaporeans to move on into senior roles. To that end, we will support businesses to send employees with little or no overseas market experience abroad, to gain exposure through the Overseas Markets Immersion Programme (OMIP).
OMIP will complement existing programmes that support overseas posting and leadership development, which we are doubling in capacity. Since the programme's launch in November 2024, 70 locals have been emplaced in overseas roles. This includes three biotechnologists from Lonza Biologics, who were sent to Switzerland. In Switzerland, they worked alongside subject matter experts and gained expertise in plant set-up, troubleshooting and process optimisation – knowledge that strengthened Lonza's operations here in Singapore. This stint has provided them with the international exposure, making them better-positioned for leadership roles in future.
MOM will focus on four enablers to grow the economy, help business to thrive and create good jobs in our next bound of growth. First, transforming our workforce to meet business needs. With rapid technological advancement and geopolitical tensions, many businesses are looking to reorganise their operations, reconfigure their supply chains and redesign jobs. MOM has, thus, set aside over $400 million for the Enterprise Workforce Transformation Package to spur workforce transformation, through the SkillsFuture Workforce Development Grant and the redesigned SkillsFuture Enterprise Credit. This will enable workers to upgrade their skillsets and businesses to adapt to the evolving economic landscape.
Second, expanding access to talent from around the world that complements our workforce. Singapore must continue working with and learning from the best, from around the world. Access to global talent also attracts foreign investments and MNCs to grow the economic pie and continue creating good jobs for Singaporeans.
Third, uplifting the human resources (HR) profession. HR plays a critical role in how businesses attract, manage and develop talent. The Tripartite Workgroup on Human Capital Capability Development will strengthen HR practices and level-up human capital capabilities across the economy to maximise workforce potential and support business growth.
Fourth, reducing compliance burden. This includes using the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Pro-Enterprise Rules Review to streamline regulations, especially for SMEs, to help businesses remain competitive in a pro-enterprise environment.
Our fourth thrust is to ensure that our growth is inclusive, so that all Singaporeans benefit from the opportunities created. MOM will work with tripartite partners to raise the bar for safe, fair and inclusive workplaces that provide opportunities for everyone to thrive.
MOM has been working closely with all stakeholders, including sector agencies, employers, unions and workers to raise WSH standards, tackle emerging risks and reinforce a culture of safety. We will continue to strengthen these efforts to keep fatal injury rates below 1.0 per 100,000 workers and meet our WSH 2028 target.
We will continue to enhance employment standards and protections for our workers. Earlier this year, Parliament passed the Workplace Fairness Act, strengthening protection against discrimination at the workplace. This is a major step forward in assuring workers that they will be treated fairly and based on merit.
We are also undertaking a review of the Employment Act to account for evolving forms of work and the changing labour force profile, including a greater proportion of PMEs. Through the review, we will ensure that protections remain relevant for different groups of workers while streamlining compliance for businesses.
As the future of work continues to unfold, we must address needs of different groups of workers. For example, we now recognise platform workers as a separate category of workers with their own set of protections via the Platform Workers Act. The Platform Workers Act, effective January this year, provides work injury compensation, CPF contributions and a representation framework where platform workers and operators can be represented by Platform Work Associations.
In response to concerns raised by platform workers and Platform Work Associations, the Platform Workers Trilateral Group was formed with representatives from MOM, MOT, NTUC and platform operators to address illegal activities in the platform sector and the lack of transparency in payment and incentive schemes. The 10 recommendations were announced earlier this month.
With increasingly diverse forms of work and work arrangements, we will continue studying how to better support platform workers, self-employed persons and freelancers in terms of workplace protections, reskilling and career pathways.
In this world of accelerating change, we will ensure that opportunities remain open to all. For those who stumble despite their best efforts, we will help them bounce back with confidence. We have introduced the SkillsFuture Jobseeker Support scheme to help displaced workers who are actively searching for jobs to re-enter employment, providing up to $6,000 in temporary support over six months for eligible individuals.
Lower-wage workers will remain a key focus, with MOM pressing on with efforts to uplift and support lower-wage workers amidst our economic transformation. This includes the Workfare Income Supplement Scheme, which was recently enhanced; and the new Workfare Skills Support (Level-Up) scheme will provide added support for lower-wage workers to upskill and reskill.
The PWM remains central to raising wages and in creating career pathways that are closely tied to training and skills development. Together with tripartite partners, MOM is reviewing the next set of wage schedules for all PWMs, covering seven sectors and two occupations. The Government recently accepted the Tripartite Cluster for Retail's recommendation of a three-year schedule of sustained wage increase from 1 September 2025, along with enhancements to job ladders and training requirements.
These changes will benefit workers, like Natasha and Joey, who work at Far East Flora. For Natasha, who started as a part-time cashier, the structured increases provide a pathway to financial security, presenting her with an opportunity to progress into management roles. As for Joey, who has spent over a decade in the retail industry, formal supervisor training has improved his job knowledge, giving him confidence that he can continue to advance further.
In addition to PWM, the Government has introduced and continually reviews the Local Qualifying Salary, which ensures that local employees are employed meaningfully, rather than on token salaries for firms to gain access to foreign workers. We will also work to foster multiple pathways to success, including for Singaporeans who are more inclined towards \"hands-on\" and \"heart\" jobs. We will work with tripartite partners, trade associations and our IHLs to develop more structured pathways for progression in the skilled trades, to better value the essential work of skilled tradespeople.
Mr Speaker, Sir, the challenges ahead are real. But Singapore has never shied away from tough challenges. Time and again, we have adapted, persevered and emerged stronger. Our success rests not just on policies or programmes, but on the trust and unity that we share.
The President and Prime Minister spoke about building a \"we first\" society, where we look out for each other and put the collective good above narrow interests. In manpower, this spirit comes to life through tripartism. We should not take this for granted. In many countries, workers and employers stand on opposite sides of the table, locked in conflict. In Singapore, we sit on the same side, seeking win-win outcomes for Singapore. This has allowed us to uplift wages, strengthen worker protections and grow businesses, all at once, striking a very good balance between all the partners.
In an uncertain world, our unity will be our greatest asset. Tripartism is the living expression of our \"we first\" mindset and must remain at the heart of our workforce transformation. As long as we preserve this trust, we can continue creating good jobs and fulfilling careers for Singaporeans. Together, let us move forward as one people, one nation and one Singapore, leaving no Singaporean behind. Sir, I support the Motion. [Applause.]
Mr Speaker: Dr Wan Rizal.
Dr Wan Rizal (Jalan Besar): Mr Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion. The President called on us to build a \"we first\" society, where growth uplifts everyone, and trust remains the foundation of our nation. This message resonates deeply in the Labour Movement.
For me, as a representative of workers and their families, this means ensuring that every worker matters, no family is left unsupported and no individual is left to struggle alone. Today, I will speak on three areas: supporting our lower-wage workers, strengthening employability in the Malay/Muslim community and finally, addressing an issue very close to my heart – mental health.
Mr Speaker, I begin with our lower-wage workers, the backbone of our society. They are the quiet hands and steady feet that keep Singapore moving each day. Over the past decade, we have made substantial progress. The wage gap between lower-wage workers and the median worker has narrowed. Real incomes of workers at the 20th percentile rose cumulatively by 30% from 2013 to 2023, faster than the median worker's 22%. Today, more than 155,000 lower-wage workers across nine sectors and occupations are covered by the PWM.
This is progress we can take pride in. It shows that when we walk together, Government, employers and unions, we can shift the escalator of social mobility upwards. But we must not stop here. Allow me to make three calls.
First, enhance funding for PWM and the Progressive Wage Credit Scheme (PWCS). The PWCS has been instrumental in helping employers support wage increases. Over $2.7 billion in PWCS was disbursed in 2022 and 2023, benefiting more than 520,000 employees. I urge the Government to extend these enhancements until Singapore reaches the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) benchmark of the 20th percentile being two-thirds of median income.
I also call for the wage ceiling to be raised beyond $3,000, so that as wages rise, PWM workers in sectors like security, waste management and lift and escalator maintenance remain covered.
Second, let us address how wage increases can lead to a loss of social assistance. Sir, on the ground, we have heard from workers who hesitate to accept wage increases. They fear they will lose eligibility for Workfare or ComCare. And I find this very troubling. Workers should never be penalised for progress. I call for a comprehensive review of our wage support and social assistance schemes, so that no one is forced to choose between a higher salary and essential aid.
Third, future-proof upskilling of our lower-wage workers, including training in Artificial Intelligence. I call for AI training to be extended to PWM workers, such as, administrators who can leverage AI to optimise workflows. NTUC LearningHub already offers an AI learning ecosystem, covering skills across different proficiency levels. So, let us make this accessible to all workers, including our lower-wage workers, so that they, too, can benefit from the AI economy.
Mr Speaker, let me share the story of Ms Nur Shafiqah Irwandy, a 24-year-old lift supervisor at Fujitec. Starting from ITE, she pursued a Work-Study Diploma while working, overcoming challenges in a male-dominated industry. Today, she leads a team maintaining 600 lifts across Sengkang and Punggol.
The Progressive Wage Model has transformed her career. Before PWM, lift maintenance was low-paying, but today, she earns a stable income that supports her family and future. Mr Speaker, her story shows why PWM matters, not just for wages, but for dignity, skills and opportunity.
Sir, when the lowest-wage worker progresses, Singapore progresses. That is how we build an inclusive growth. Mr Speaker, in Malay, please.
(In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Sir, with AI transforming industries and jobs, we cannot allow Malay/Muslim workers to be left behind and must support them to succeed. Through Focus Area 4 (FA4) under M3, we pay special attention towards enhancing the marketability of Malay/Muslim workers. With close collaboration between NTUC and MENDAKI, we will build a robust support ecosystem to help workers adapt to the increasingly changing job market.
We will continue to strengthen support, especially for mature PMEs, as well as our youth who will inherit the challenges and opportunities of the future economy. For mature PMEs, support will focus on empowering them with new skills, including digital and leadership skills, so that they can remain relevant and trusted by industry. We also need to further expand the network of career advisors to help them adapt to market changes and pave the way towards a meaningful second career.
For our youth, we need to provide more diverse pathways. This includes apprenticeship programmes, work-study schemes as well as development opportunities in new fields, such as green technology, artificial intelligence and the care economy.
Next month, we will organise the Youth Skills and Career Fair @ SCAPE on 6 and 7 October. This event will be a great opportunity for youth to explore career pathways, receive expert advice and build the skills needed to succeed in an increasingly challenging job market. Additionally, e2i together with the Happiness Initiative, will launch a special workshop for youth and young professionals aged 18 to 35 years. The focus of this workshop is to build mental resilience, by equipping participants with skills to manage stress, and building confidence when seeking employment or starting a new career.
When every community can progress together, Singapore as a whole will become stronger and more resilient.
(In English): Mr Speaker, I now turn to an issue that I have been championing throughout my stint in Parliament. An issue that cuts across workers, families and communities.
The President reminded us that our responsibility is to give Singaporeans assurance at every stage of life. Mental health is that assurance. The statistics tell us sobering story. Nearly 47% of workers in Singapore report feeling exhausted after work. The prevalence of poor mental health remains at 15% in 2023, higher than the pre-pandemic levels. The economic cost of mental health conditions is estimated at $15.7 billion annually or 2.9% of the GDP.
Behind each statistic is a worker, a family and community. Their struggles with stress and burnout remind us that productivity cannot come at the expense of health. As the co-chairman of the PAP mental health group, I have continually engaged stakeholders from the healthcare professionals, community partners, to employers and workers. And together, with my colleagues, we tabled a Motion of mental health in the last term to place this firmly on the national agenda.
But that Motion was not the end. It was the beginning. In this new term, we intend to move forward further, ensuring that mental health remains a sustained national priority.
Sir, international studies shows that young people are especially vulnerable during school-to-work transitions. Locally, nearly half of workers already report exhaustion at the start of their careers. In my Malay speech earlier, I had spoken about employability initiatives for our youths and young professionals under the FA4 initiative. Employability must go hand in hand with resilience. Skills will get our youths a job. Resilience will help them to keep it, grow in it and strive in the long run.
Sir, our youths today also live in a digital first world and we must strengthen their healthy digital habits and depend our understanding of the impact of social media on mental well-being. We must build emotional resilience in all schools and IHLs alongside academics skills.
Our youths should not only survive the pressures of school and work, but thrive with confidence and work. I continue to call for mental health and well-being literacy to be embedded within the curriculum, so that everyone is equipped with the skill. And as we progress as a nation, everyone can play their part better.
Sir, many young parents juggle work, childcare and caring for ageing parents. NTUC hears their concerns about long hours and blurred work-life boundaries. To protect their well-being, we must strengthen safeguards for rest, expand flexible work arrangements as a norm and enhance community support for caregivers. But beyond that, we must call for stronger workplace mental well-being initiatives, so that employers build cultures where mental wellness is part of daily practice, not an afterthought.
For our seniors, dignity is not only about medical care, but also about connection, purpose and being seen. As seniors age, they may face loneliness and other mental health concerns, but it can also be a stage of renewed contribution if the right support is given. We must continue to expand community facilities, so that help is never too far away.
Finally, I turn to our workers who cut across the different ages and I have a few calls to make.
First, stronger rest protections. The \"always-on\" culture must be challenged. Workers need adequate rest between shifts and more explicit guidance on after-hours communication. Otherwise, exhaustion will erode both well-being and long-term safety.
Second, preventive approaches. Employers should go beyond ad-hoc wellness talks and make mental wellness training a mandatory part of management development. Leaders must be equipped, not only to deliver results, but also to recognise early signs of stress, to intervene with empathy and to create psychologically safe workplaces. At the same time, companies can and should tap into the Company Training Committee grant, not only to invest in new technology and upskill their workforce, but also to redesign jobs and workflows with workers' productivity, well-being and dignity at this centre.
So often the perception is that innovation is seen as a way to squeeze more output from the same worker. But that cannot be our approach. Instead, we must harness innovation to ease the pressures of long hours to streamline repetitive tasks and to allow workers to focus on higher value and more meaningful work. When we do this, productivity gains will be matched by healthier, more motivated teams and by workplaces, where people feel proud to contribute and confident about their future.
Third, inclusive return-to-work practices. Returning to work after a period of illness, injury, or a mental health challenge is never easy. Many workers tell us they feel anxious, worried that their colleagues may see them as less capable, or that their employers may judge them for needing more time to recover.
That is why the return-to-work journey must not add to their stress. Instead, it should be a bridge of support, where adjustments are made to help them regain confidence at their own pace. Employers can and should tap into the resources from the Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices and the Workplace Safety and Health Council to implement Return-to-Work policies, policies that ensure workplace safety while also fostering understanding and compassion.
When a worker is supported in this way, they are more likely to bounce back stronger, to contribute meaningfully and to inspire others. And when we care for our workers in their most vulnerable moments, we strengthen not just productivity, but the bonds of trust in our workplaces.
Mr Speaker, our nation's strength never come from size or the resources that we have. It comes from trust. Trust between people and the Government, between employers and workers, with the unions at the centre of everything and among, of course, citizens themselves. As we turn the page after SG60, let us reaffirm the trust by standing with our workers, uplifting every community and safeguarding the mental health and well-being of every Singaporean.
Let us show that in Singapore, progress is not for the few, but for all. And this is how we will build not only a stronger economy, but also a stronger society. One where every worker has dignity, every family has assurance and every community has hope. Mr Speaker, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker: Mr Shawn Loh.
Mr Shawn Loh (Jalan Besar): Mr Speaker, I am the first one speaking among the backbenchers from the class of 2025 from the PAP. Thank you for this opportunity. Before I begin, I declare my interest as Deputy Group Managing Director of Commonwealth Capital Group.
We are a Singaporean global enterprise operating businesses across the food value chain – from cold-chain logistics to food manufacturing and to food services. Collectively, our businesses steward more than 1,000 livelihoods and we provide nourishment to thousands of Singaporeans daily.
Mr Speaker, I support the Motion of thanks to the President.
Let me also thank our residents of Jalan Besar GRC and Whampoa for their support for me and my team mates. Dr Wan Rizal and Ms Denise Phua spoke earlier. I was introduced only in April this year, just one month before the GE. I am grateful for their trust in me. This trust will not be misplaced. I will do my best to do our residents of Jalan Besar GRC and Whampoa proud and give them a voice in Parliament.
I have been a civil servant for more than a decade and I have had the pleasure to be involved in previous speeches by the President at the Parliament’s Opening.
Invariably, the speeches cover the following themes: one, the world is a dark and dangerous place; two, the economy is the solution to many of our problems; three, we need to address the challenges of an ageing population; four, we need to build an inclusive society; and five, we need to keep Singapore united.
These themes were from the 2025 speech. But if you thought these themes were from the 2023, 2020, 2018, 2016, 2014 or 2011 speeches, you would also be right! That is not to say the President’s speech was boring nor is it an indictment of the speechwriters. Rather, it demonstrates that our challenges are enduring.
However, I submit that below the surface of these high-level challenges, there are emerging trends within each theme that require us to rethink and reimagine our policies in this term of Government. I will spend the rest of my speech to share some thoughts about these trends and, importantly, their implications.
First, the international economic order has changed, permanently. Bridges have been replaced by barriers.
Our earlier economic growth strategy was premised on foreign MNC investments riding the wave of globalisation, which enabled firms to headquarter in Singapore, while the bulk of markets and operations would be outside the country. But now, foreign MNCs, even if they want to invest in Singapore, may find themselves torn between other geopolitical considerations.
Manufacturing investments are being onshored in other countries. And because headquarters are increasingly sited nearer to manufacturing or nearer to markets, Singapore is actually at a disadvantage.
It is, therefore, critical to have a renewed policy focus on growing our own Singaporean MNCs that are more deeply rooted in Singapore. Yes, we can press on with anchoring investments from foreign MNCs. My former colleagues at the Economic Development Board (EDB) do a valiant job. I, myself, spent a couple of years at the EDB looking at how to grow our Singaporean MNCs. And now, I lead a local company that aspires to be an MNC one day.
Based on these experiences, I am convinced that our policies can do more to support our local firms to scale beyond the SME-level. To grow above the current SME threshold of $100 million in annual revenues to become MNCs closer to $1 billion in annual revenues or more. Perhaps the Government should consider supporting a new class of local enterprises that are larger than SMEs, but smaller than your $1 billion-listed companies. These are some issues that I hope to explore as part of my role on the GPC for Trade and Industry.
Second, the technological cycle has shortened significantly. AI, which many Members have spoken about, represents a stepped increase in technological advancement. Some have likened this to the discovery of the steam engine that catalysed the industrial revolution and disrupted many jobs. But even before AI, the pace of job creation and destruction felt like it was already accelerating. Make no mistake, this means that skills will become obsolete faster.
Today, we can no longer rely on what we learnt in full-time education to carry us on to retirement. Perhaps there may even come a point in time where what we learn in the first year of tertiary education will become irrelevant by the time we graduate. We see this manifest in greater anxieties amongst our new graduates and our older PMETs. I have spoken to many in Jalan Besar and Whampoa. And I feel for them.
What does this imply for the direction of Government policy?
Many Members have actually spoken up about this. Mr Andre Low gave the suggestion of the redundancy insurance scheme. I appreciate him for raising that idea. I agree with the intent that it is about reducing the anxieties that many of our workers feel. However, I respectfully disagree in the implementation of the idea for two reasons.
The first is that we have just implemented a Jobseekers Support Scheme. The Senior Minister of State for Manpower has spoken about this earlier. It is still early days, but our residents are already benefiting. The scheme provides the support required for our workers to get the assurance they need if they fall into redundancy, for a targeted group.
The second reason is because I am not sure whether the numbers add up. Let me explain. I looked at the suggestion in quite some detail.
The Member suggested that if you contribute 0.1% of your monthly wage, you would have enough in the insurance pool to cover the redundancy payouts. From the back of an envelope calculation, 0.1%, which he said was about $5; grossed up to a year, which is $60; grossed up from the whole population of 2.2 to 2.5 million Singaporean workers, that gets us about $150 million of collection for the insurance pool.
However, I am not sure whether that is enough because in the Jobs Support Scheme, the MOM budget was already $200 million and this was for a targeted group of unemployed individuals. So, a national unemployment or national redundancy insurance scheme should cost more, and not less.
However, I think the greater point is that there are other ways in which we can resolve this issue.
I believe we should pivot our policies towards a greater emphasis on employer-led training and away from broad-based SkillsFuture initiatives. Do more to help employers give workers jobs and then train them on the job. We call these place-and-train programmes.
The logic is simple. The best place to pick up relevant skills is in the workplace, working for best-in-class companies, hopefully local companies, that are closest to the market and closest to the frontier of innovation.
Businesses can be incentivised to hire Singaporeans and then train and re-train them in those jobs. The Government can help through expanding time-limited wage subsidies for new hires. And Singaporeans will benefit because they have the assurance of a job first, before they commit to training. The GRIT programme is a step in that direction.
If I had it my way, I would call it the Graduate Employment Assistance through Training programme, or the GREAT programme. I am glad to be able to look into this further in my role on the GPC for Manpower.
Third, extreme longevity will raise new questions for town planning and policymaking. For the first time in our history, there are now two generations in retirement at the same time. In Whampoa, I encountered someone above 90 years old at almost every block visit. And quite regularly, someone above the age of 95. I think it is the same for many Members of this House. I see the future complexion of Singapore in Jalan Besar and Whampoa.
Our town planning assumptions will have to change.
Looking ahead, we will need to design our towns for the extreme user – the 90-year-old, not just the 70-year-old. A 10-minute walk means very different things for these two individuals.
At Whampoa, our ramps on our overhead bridges are increasingly useless. My elderly residents tell me that it is too tiring to walk up the ramps. And if we do not plan ahead to build lifts and other infrastructure early enough, we will end up isolating many of our oldest seniors and this will be a growing problem with senior frailty. It also means that the provision of senior care and other social support services may need to be more distributed in the neighbourhood, even if it means a less efficient model.
Beyond planning, our policies will also have to be updated. We cannot make policies assuming that all those above 65 are a single monolithic block with the same needs.
The Government has acknowledged this in its packages for the Pioneer Generation and the Merdeka Generation and I believe there will be a need for another package in this term, for a subset of these seniors. Mainly because, after a certain age, perhaps 85, they would all have lived beyond what they expected to live when they first retired. None of them would be automatically included in CPF LIFE. Not all would have Silver Support. But almost all of them would be anxious about the cost of living and they would not be able to benefit directly from the higher wages that a strong economy may bring. Can we, therefore, contemplate a more broad-based level of assurance, perhaps an expanded Silver Support scheme, for the oldest 5% of our population?
Fourth, the work to build a more inclusive society is far from complete. The new challenge of this generation is to address wealth inequality. It is no longer just about income inequality or the inequalities of starting points in life. Earlier terms of Government focused on equalising opportunities for our young and improving wages of our lower-wage workers. This is no doubt important and I strongly support it. But an important assumption here was that incomes and education would continue to be the best way to close the gaps in life outcomes. What if this assumption turns out to be only partially true?
We are already seeing early signs that wealth inequality is becoming worse. And if we do not address this fast enough, it will threaten to divide society. We would be broken into a million pieces, and we cannot go back.
At my weekly meet-the-people sessions, some residents struggle with affording a basic HDB rental flat. I regularly appeal to lower the rent of these rental flats. At the same time, my constituency set the record for the most expensive Design, Build and Sell Scheme flat transaction, at more than $1.5 million. That is more than 100 years of rent for the HDB rental flat, just think about that. And I do not even have landed properties in my area, where many have complained about higher property taxes.
With smaller family sizes, wealth will get passed down to fewer children and could become increasingly concentrated. I worry when I hear people say that the only way to be rich in Singapore is to be born rich. If the greatest predictor of wealth is who your parents are, then I think we have a big problem.
If we are serious about addressing the issue, then perhaps our fiscal system should be used as a means to reduce wealth inequality. How can we ensure that the returns to labour and effort, exceed the returns to other assets, such as real estate investments? How can our asset tax system, including property tax, be even more progressive? And how can we build a more effective form of wealth redistribution?
On that note, we actually have some interesting learning points with our CDC vouchers, which are universal and have provided some basic level of assurance. I was privileged to have had the chance to work on the CDC voucher scheme at the Ministry of Finance (MOF) as a civil servant and I look forward to interrogating these big questions in my role on the GPC for Finance.
Let me now conclude on the last theme – keeping Singapore united. Since the GE, I have seen an upswell of interest to volunteer in my community of Whampoa and Jalan Besar, especially among our youths.
I cherish this dearly. It makes me very optimistic about our future because it shows that Singaporeans, especially the next generation, cares not just about themselves, but about others in the community. These are the first fruits of a \"we first\" society. And over time, I hope we will even move towards becoming a \"you first\" society, a society where Singaporeans are more others-centred and put others first, not only because they identify as belonging to the same community or the same \"we\", but simply because putting others first is the right thing to do as human beings.
I have witnessed firsthand how strong community bonds can overcome local challenges – neighbours helping other neighbours in times of need, fighting fires together, carrying less mobile seniors down the staircase to evacuate a flat. And I hope that as the Government makes policies at the national level, we would also do more to encourage the building of these local community bonds at the local level.
One thing I have learnt as a new MP, is that no community can be fully served by our national policies or our Government agencies. There will still be gaps in the last mile of policy delivery. So, we will always need a strong community to make sure that the gaps are filled and that the last, the lost, the least, and the lonely are taken care of. This is not something that I came up with myself. This is something that my wife who coincidentally celebrates her birthday today, always reminds me about. And when our communities are strong and united, our country will likewise be strong and united.
With that, Mr Speaker, I support the Motion and wish the Government and all civil servants the very best in delivering on the policy agenda. [Applause.]
Mr Speaker: Mr Gho Sze Kee.
Ms Gho Sze Kee (Mountbatten): Mr Speaker, it is a privilege to deliver my maiden speech in this House to register my support for the President's speech. I am a brand-new Member of the House. Thus, I seek your guidance and the indulgence of other Members of the House as I begin my parliamentary journey.
Sir, Singapore is still a young nation, as nations go, but we have come far in our national journey. Today, we are a first world nation with an advanced economy. There are many measures and metrics that we can feel proud of. But most importantly, for our people, around two-thirds of our workforce are PMETs. Similarly, around two-thirds of our households are middle class by OECD's definition.
These numbers put us in the leaders' pack globally. They are a reflection of decades of good governance, careful planning, and investment in the future. But these are not numbers just to feel good. More importantly, they are indicators that we have built a just and inclusive society, where opportunities and prosperity are not limited and concentrated in a few, but broadly shared. It is a validation of our social compact and the promises of our founding fathers made good.
Yet, we must never forget the fundamental and unchanging hard truths of our nation. We are small, with no natural resources. We are highly connected, and therefore highly exposed, to the rest of the world. Changes to the winds and currents of the outside world will affect us deeply. We must always remain clear eyed and unflinching in the face of challenges.
As the President has noted, we are sailing into choppy waters. Shifting global economic currents, a changing new world order, and AI-driven disruptions in the workplace make for some powerful headwinds. Each alone has the potential to reshape our society in profound and lasting ways. Our national resilience will be tested. Our social compact may be strained. It is in this context that I would like to speak on some of the challenges ahead and share thoughts on how we can approach them.
The most immediate challenge before us today is, of course, jobs, jobs and jobs. There are many factors churning our job market. But of all these, I believe the AI disruption will have the most pervasive and consequential impact. It is also an accelerant and amplifies the effects of all other challenges that we face.
There are three aspects of the AI disruption that we should take note of.
First, the speed of change. The rate of technological disruption today is unprecedented. Previous waves of tech disruptions, from personal computing to the Internet, unfolded over decades. Societies had the relative luxury of time to absorb and adapt. AI has up ended that timeline completely. To put things in perspective, ChatGPT reached 100 million users in just two months. Entire sectors, and entire industries, could be reshaped in a flash.
Second, the breadth and depth of change. The AI disruption will touch every sector of our economy. It will strike further up the value chain, at knowledge intensive and cognitive tasks, tasks which are the very heart of PMET roles. It is also impacting tasks once thought to be uniquely human, such as creative and artistic endeavours. What is not displaced, will be reshaped and redesigned.
Consider the tech sector, which gave us the very tools of this disruption. Today, one can create, debug and deploy a website or an app without writing a single line of code. The work of junior developers, routine programmers and similar roles is rapidly becoming obsolete.
Third, the inequality of change. AI does not affect everyone equally. It will create winners and losers. Those who can harness and adapt to the disruption will surge ahead. Others will struggle to adapt. Adoption will be uneven, outcomes will diverge. We will see high skill, high pay jobs created, even as many entry- and mid-level PMET roles are hollowed out or displaced. Those who climb up the value chain will advance rapidly, while others risk being pushed into lower value work. This will not just be a disruption in the workplace. It is a potential widening of social disparities.
So, what does this mean for us?
As I noted in the beginning, about two-thirds of our workforce are PMETs, which is actually one of the highest proportions in the world. Our advanced economy is also knowledge and services heavy, exactly the sectors where AI disruption will move fastest and hit the hardest. For our PMETs, this presents real pressure.
Entry and mid-level white collar roles are the most vulnerable. Without timely upskilling and adaptation, many may find themselves displaced.
The knock-on effects will be wide ranging. Entry and mid-level job opportunities may shrink in the near future. New graduates may face tough prospects, a trend we are already beginning to see. Mid-career PMETs will encounter greater uncertainty. Conventional assumptions about career progressions and success may no longer be taken for granted. Many jobs will be reshaped; hard earned skillsets may be rendered obsolete in short order.
The narrowing of opportunities also risks trapping more on the lower rungs of the socio-economic ladder. Income and social inequality may widen.
All of this presents a comprehensive challenge for our Government, for it will impact not only the economy, but also the very fabric of our society. And time is short. The pace of change and breadth of disruption means there is far less time for the Government and our citizens, to react.
It is also not only a distant problem. We are already seeing it unfold. Recent news of hiring freezes and layoffs among big tech companies in the US and other advanced economies, highlight the tangible, near-term impact of the AI disruption. We will not be immune.
The first waves are already hitting our shores. Among my Mountbatten constituents, I am seeing fresh graduates struggling to find full-time jobs, and mid-career PMETs trying to pivot after losing theirs. The mid-career PMETs, with much heavier obligations, are having a hard time.
Mr Speaker, I make no apologies for the frankness of my remarks so far. But I would be remiss if I do not highlight that this challenge, while daunting, carries with it enormous promise. The Chinese term for \"crisis\" – \"危机\" – combines the characters for danger and opportunity. The AI wave will be both. It will be disruptive, and perhaps painful in the short term, but it also holds immense potential for Singapore to advance, to innovate, and to capture new growths.
While some jobs may become obsolete and displaced, entire new industries will emerge. New professions, new jobs will be created. Work that we cannot yet imagine will become part of the economy of tomorrow.
Singapore is uniquely positioned to ride this wave. We have a highly educated, tech-savvy workforce. We have the supporting advanced infrastructure. And also, our high proportion of PMETs, in particular, can be our strategic advantage. With the right choices, together, we can transform this disruption into an era of renewed opportunity and prosperity.
Conventional wisdom in economics holds that growth slows down in advanced, mature economies like ours. AI may just be one of the key enablers that allows us to break that mould. This could be the greatest opportunity of our generation.
The choices before us are clear and stark. In truth, it is not even a choice. The AI disruption is here. It is unstoppable. We can either learn to ride it and thrive or be left behind. This is a challenge for our society and for every Singaporean.
I am glad to note the Government has already moved decisively to position Singapore ahead. The GRIT programme will begin soon. Our national AI strategy, launched in 2019, well before ChatGPT entered our daily lives, sets out a clear and comprehensive roadmap to prepare our workforce, our infrastructure, and our economy for the transformations ahead. I actually encourage everyone to read the latest 2.0 version.
The work of the Economic Strategy Review Committees will be critical in shaping the policies and initiatives that ensure Singapore is ready to confront the challenges and embrace the opportunities ahead. I look forward to their recommendations.
Next, some thoughts on the Government’s response. This is a systemic challenge. It is not enough to look only at jobs and the economy. To ride this wave successfully, we must pay attention to the social impacts. In particular, we must guard against the inequality of outcomes. These stresses will be felt across society, but not equally.
The most vulnerable and impacted segment of the AI disruption will, of course, be our PMETs, but they are also the ones who will power our transformation. The PMETs also form the core of our middle class. Together, they constitute the broad middle ground of our society.
A healthy society always has some degree of social mobility. Some people move up, some move down. As long as we ensure that the pathway up is equally accessible to everyone, that is natural. That is to be expected. But we must guard against too many sliding down. We must especially guard against the hollowing out of the middle because when that happens, it erodes the very centre that holds us together and shakes confidence in the whole.
Mr Speaker, our centre must hold. Not only are they the bedrock of our economy and drive our progress but they also embody the success and promise of the Singapore Story. We are successful, only because they are successful. Most crucially, this is because the broad middle is the one that anchors our social compact. A thriving middle class is therefore essential to our social stability and cohesion. If our middle-class shifts or gets squeezed, the ground beneath all of us becomes less steady.
Our middle class has been feeling the squeeze for a long time. The pressures come from many fronts: job insecurity, a tightening labour market, inflation, rising cost of living and household debt. Many also shoulder the burdens of the sandwich class, supporting children on one side and caring for elderly parents on another. My ward, Mountbatten, has the full range of the socio-economic demographics, from rental flats to standalone bungalows. In my conversations with constituents, it is from the middle-class residents that I sense most anxiety and frustration.
Our focus has always been to uplift those on the lowest rungs of the economic ladder and rightly so. They must get the most help, and they do. The wealthy, by large, can weather the storms. They are better insulated from the pressures that buffet the rest of society. But it is our middle-class that often bears the heaviest burdens. In the challenges ahead, it is this group that stands most exposed. And it is this group that has the most to lose.
Mr Speaker, I worry for this particular group of people. They have been carrying the rest of us. Beyond preparing them to seize new opportunities, and guiding and supporting those who may face setbacks, I hope we can do more to lift some weight off their shoulders. I intend to speak up more for our PMETs and middle-class in this house.
Lastly, some words on trust. Sir, the social compact that exists between this Government and our people rests fundamentally on trust. It is trust that underpins the partnership between Government and citizens, and it is this partnership that has allowed us to navigate many past crises together. The same will be true for the challenges that we now face. This trust is not abstract. It is derived from performance legitimacy. Performance legitimacy is formed in people's minds not from numbers and words, but from their lived experience, from what citizens actually see and feel in their daily lives, from how policies and initiatives land on the ground. Trust is not a permanent quality. It is also a finite quality. It cannot be assumed, nor can it be taken for granted. It can be eroded and must be earned and re-earned every single day.
Sir, allow me to illustrate this with a concrete example, the MyCareersFuture Jobs Portal. The primary purpose of this website is laudable, to connect locals, especially PMETs, with job opportunities and to ensure that locals are given first consideration for jobs before foreign hires are brought in. After all, while we welcome foreign talent as a necessity, we should never be disadvantaged in our own country. Yet, the consistent feedback that we see online paints a rather different picture. Many reported very low call-back rates and few positive outcomes. Most applications appeared to go unnoticed. The prevailing perception is that many jobs are merely posted to meet the legal requirement of 14 days, a performative task or exercise for employers before they could go on to apply for an E Pass for a foreign candidate who has already been earmarked.
To me, this is a missed opportunity and a great pity, not because the intentions were unclear, but precisely the opposite. I know the Government's motivations. Our people are truly at the heart of everything that this Government does. I spent years with the grassroots before entering this House and I have witnessed this first-hand. Yet, I know good intentions and good policies alone are never enough. Without effective execution, without thinking through how things will land on the ground, even the best initiatives can fall short of their intent.
We must always be mindful of the fragile and finite nature of this trust. Each time the lived experience of our people falls short of the intentions of policy, each time the execution falters, or lands wrongly on the ground, trust gets eroded. A deep reservoir of trust still exists between the Government and our people. That is the only reason we are still here. We do live in an imperfect world and no government is perfect. But this Government is the Government of the day. The awesome responsibility of governing Singapore and the trust of our fellow citizens rests with this party. We can and we must aim to do ever better.
The seeds of today's Singapore were sown by our founding fathers 60 years ago. 60 years hence, most of us who are here in this House today will not be around. But our children, and our children's children, will be. We now stand on the cusp of a brave new world. What we do here in this House for the rest of our term, is not just for the Singaporeans who are here today, but for generations yet to come. So, let us never forget that.
Mr Speaker: Mr Andre Low you have a clarification to make?
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre: Yes, I have a clarification to make.
Mr Speaker: Please go ahead.
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre: My clarification is to the hon Member for Jalan Besar GRC. I thank him for his point on the Jobseeker Support Scheme. We are in agreement on many of the objectives of that scheme. I think the WP differs on implementation. So, through the Jobseeker Support Scheme we think it is a good start, but it actually excludes even the median income earner in Singapore, because the qualifying criteria is $5,000 monthly income and also annual value of your property of $31,000 or less. Our proposal covers everybody. It is a social insurance, it is a risk-pooling approach that will allow for PMETs, which, as in my speech, I had mentioned, almost two-thirds of the Singapore workforce to largely qualify as well.
Secondly, to his point on whether it is fiscally sustainable. Our approach is to have this scheme be funded largely by the premiums paid by employees and employers, and we think this is more fiscally sustainable than the Jobseeker Support Scheme, which is funded by taxpayers. The way this scheme can work is for the premium reserves to be built-up in times of relative stability, like today. So, we would say that this would have to be implemented as soon as possible so that over time these reserves can be built up and then they can be drawn down from in times of disruption.
Mr Speaker: Mr Shawn Loh.
Mr Shawn Loh: Thank you, Mr Speaker. I thank the Member for the clarification as well. I actually wanted to clarify my own speech, so I will make two clarifications. One, my own speech; and then, two, in response.
In my own speech when I mentioned the numbers for the Jobseekers Support Scheme, as well as my back-of-the-envelope calculations for the premium collections, I may have misspoken. I said billions instead of millions; it should be millions. So, MOM's estimated budget for this year for the Jobseekers Support Scheme is $200 million and back-of-envelope calculation for the premium collections on an annual basis is on the parameters that the Member outlined. It is about $150 million.
I take the Member's point that he wants to build up premium reserves over time. I do, however, acknowledge that the MOM's budget calculations and estimates are for this year, this year's Jobs Support Scheme, not for the future but this year. That means this year, MOM expects to spend $200 million of taxpayer dollars to support the workers who need help. If that is the case, then we will not be able to build up the reserves over time if the estimate is only $160 million from this year. But the broader point is that we probably want to look at the numbers a bit closer to see what is the appropriate premium collection amount that could reflect that proposal more accurately. So, for example, if it is a targeted scheme which the Member has also acknowledged that cost $200 million this year, then a national insurance scheme should collect more premiums this year even though it is to build up its reserves over time.
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Mr Alex Yeo (Potong Pasir): Mr Speaker. I rise in support of the Motion of thanks for the President's Address. First, I wish to take this opportunity to thank the residents of Potong Pasir for their warm welcome to my team and me. Potong Pasir SMC is almost as old as Singapore. Formed in 1968, it has grown in population size by 2.6 times. The transformation that it has undergone is a fair reflection of a cross-section of our Singapore society. On the one side of Upper Serangoon Road, the mature estate of Potong Pasir with its landmark sloping roofs, rich heritage and a high number of seniors; and on the other side, the young vibrant families of the Bidadari Estate. As I spent these last few months getting to know my residents and understanding their concerns and aspirations, I find myself reflecting on the notion of well-being.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, well-being is defined as, \"With reference to a person or community, the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous; physical, psychological, or moral welfare.\"
Today, I would like to speak a little about being healthy and happy. When I speak with retired seniors in the community, they often tell me that they hope to be physically and mentally healthy. Having led active lives in their younger years, they worry that their silver years could become mentally meaningless, physically debilitating or financially a burden to their families. For our seniors, staying healthy with affordable healthcare is about living with dignity and peace of mind. In a \"we first\" society, how do we ensure this? Dignity is about the quality of life in a senior's silver years. Conditions, such as cognitive impairment or the loss of any of the Activities of Daily Living, reduce their quality of life significantly, and in the eyes of a senior, his or her dignity.
As the Prime Minister shared in the National Day Rally Speech this year, while we now live longer, the years that we live in good health is on average 10 years shorter. Ideally, our lifespan and our health-span should be closer. The concern that we live long but not well, is real.
The increasing number of seniors who reached out to me over the last nine years, first in Paya Lebar and now in Potong Pasir to certify their Lasting Power of Attorney (LPAs) on a pro bono basis, is both heartening and concerning at the same time. While on one hand, seniors are making conscious choices with awareness on what is a very difficult and life-changing issue; on the other hand, it is clear to me, that more seniors are anxious, worried and unsettled about what could happen to them as they age.
They say prevention is better than cure. Preventive healthcare for our seniors can reduce years of bad health while increasing their quality of life. With this in mind, in 2019, I helped launch the Health and Wellness Programme in Paya Lebar. The Programme provided seniors with fully subsidized flu and pneumococcal vaccinations as well as screenings for pre-dementia and osteoporosis. Many seniors in Paya Lebar benefited from the Programme. We focused on Brain and Bone Health because these are common and potentially debilitating conditions that our seniors increasingly face. The results were concerning. They showed that an overwhelming number of seniors were unaware that they suffered from mild to severe cognitive impairment and/or poor bone health.
When Healthier SG was announced in 2023 with its focus on preventive healthcare, including various screenings and fully subsidised flu and pneumococcal vaccinations, it gave me cause to cheer quietly to myself as it meant that we had been on the right track. Unfortunately, Healthier SG has yet to cover screenings and support for conditions, such as pre-dementia and osteoporosis. Dementia is debilitating and scary for our seniors. Poor bone health on the other hand, leads to deteriorating mobility for our seniors, particularly after a fall. Both conditions take a tremendous toll on caregivers in the family.
Pre-dementia screening and bone density tests, therefore, allow for early detection, timely intervention which can slow down the progression and better long-term planning, which gives our seniors and their families the time and opportunity to make necessary adjustments. I am, therefore, happy to announce that next month, we will be launching a similar ground-up Community Preventive Healthcare Programme in Potong Pasir for seniors where we will focus once again, on brain and bone health. We are also working on adding other aspects of preventative healthcare, such as vaccination for shingles.
I hope that in the near future, the Government will consider expanding the ambit of the Healthier SG Programme, to include screening for pre-dementia, bone density tests, fully subsidised shingles vaccinations and other areas of preventive healthcare so that we can augment and support the efforts of our seniors to remain as healthy as they can be, in their silver years.
Mr Speaker, for preventive healthcare to be at its most effective, we must ensure that our seniors age well in an environment that provides the right care, support and amenities tailored to their needs. If this can be created in a familiar environment within the estates that they live in, all the better.
I therefore read with great interest, Minister Ong's remarks last month about Age Well Neighbourhoods. I believe that if we succeed in the four areas of expanding our Active Ageing Centres, introducing the Community Health Posts, Home Personal Care and upgrading the physical environment of such estates to suit the needs of seniors, we can create an environment where seniors can live and socialise in surroundings that they are familiar with, stay active with friends and care for their health through easily accessible preventive healthcare programmes.
I understand that Toa Payoh has been selected to pilot the Age Well Neighbourhoods. Since Minister Ong is not in the Chamber, but perhaps, I could very humbly, on behalf of the seniors in Potong Pasir, make a pitch for our estate to be next.
Sir, to seniors, having affordable healthcare is about having peace of mind. In Singapore, we have a thoughtfully planned healthcare financial assistance framework of S+3Ms, namely, Government Subsidies, MediSave, MediShield Life and MediFund, which provides Singaporeans with support for their medical bills at public healthcare institutions.
As set out in the 1993 White Paper on Affordable Healthcare, the framework is premised on providing a sustainable healthcare system, based on the objectives of personal responsibility, avoiding over-reliance on state welfare and providing good and affordable medical services to Singaporeans.
To qualify for Government subsidies, means testing applies. This has a two-prong approach. First, the per capita household income (PCHI) is assessed. If the household does not have PCHI, then the annual value of the residence is considered.
By and large, it has been a progressive and fair assessment regime aimed at providing targeted assistance to Singaporeans who need it the most and many have benefited over the years. I wonder, however, if it is time for us to review the framework, particularly the assessment of our seniors' eligibility for Government subsidies, given the changing demography of Singapore and their evolving needs and circumstance.
From 1990 to 2024, the median age of Singaporeans grew from 29.8 to 42.8 years. Those above the age of 65, grew from 6% to 18% of the population. As shared widely by other Members in this House, this number is set to become about one in four by 2030.
At the same, time, an increasing number of seniors above the age of 65 either lives alone or alone with their spouses. In 2024, this makes up about 38.5% of households with above 65-year-olds in Singapore.
Many Singaporeans above the age of 65 years are retired, or nearing retirement, often with a significantly reduced income. Conversely, their healthcare needs increase. One can argue that in the 1990s, around the time the White Paper was released, we were a younger nation, with a vibrant workforce underpinned by a strong growing economy. The general healthcare needs of a smaller pool of seniors could be supported by a larger, younger workforce.
Today, however, our demographic has evolved. We have many more seniors with smaller families. They wish to live independently. Using the Annual Value (AV) of a senior's residence as part of the means test may not reflect a senior's means or financial ability. Even where seniors live with their families, financial circumstances can be challenging.
Let me share an example of Mr Jeffrey Tan, which I do with his permission. I got to know Jeffrey in the middle of 2024. Jeffrey and his wife were in their 60s and, at that time, lived in a larger HDB flat. Jeffrey's father was in his 90s and was previously living in a smaller HDB home in Toa Payoh where Jeffrey grew up. As an only child, Jeffrey had arranged for his parents to move in with him.
As a result of this, however, when Jeffrey’s father grew older and had more healthcare needs, Jeffrey realised that his father's entitlement to Government subsidies was significantly lower due to the AV of Jeffrey's home. Given that the household had no income, the added cost caused the family financial challenges. To his credit, in all my conversations with him, Jeffrey did not advocate for universal healthcare nor complain about the financial burden. He however shared that others like him, who had no income but had to care for their aged parents, face similar financial challenges when the ability to afford and the assessment of the level of subsidies was based on the AV of the home that they lived in. He wondered if his decision to be a responsible child, even though he himself was in his 60s and retired, had effectively penalised him and his father, financially.
Mr Speaker, we have a healthcare system that is world class and serves Singaporeans well. As Minister Ong shared during the Committee of Supply debates earlier this year, the Government takes a practical approach, balancing the trade-offs in achieving the three objectives of affordability, availability and quality in our healthcare policies. It is, without a doubt, a delicate balance.
In fact, the Government had recently revised the thresholds for both per capita household income and the AV criteria to include more Singaporeans within the threshold.
This is an acknowledgment that public policy is contextual with time and when there are opportunities to refine, address gaps and/or respond to fundamental shifts. We must, as we always have, continue to do so. The shifting demographic and social paradigms mean that there will be more situations like Jeffrey's, each with his or her own unique circumstances.
It is in this spirit that I hope that this House can, in this term of Government, consider reviewing and removing the means-testing regime for the application of subsidies for seniors in our public healthcare system.
Mr Speaker, our seniors belong to a generation who put the \"we\" before the \"I\" in the endeavour of nation building. We have a duty to try to give them the best opportunity to live a life of quality with dignity and peace of mind in their silver years.
Sir, I would now like to turn to the second aspect of well-being, which is happiness. At the recent Emmy Awards, the Netflix show Adolescence swept up awards for eight categories. Its grim, yet compelling portrayal of children, smartphones and social media resonated globally because it reflected a reality many of us recognise.
As a father of two Gen Alpha children, I wish for them, as all parents do, to enjoy an ideal childhood, like a gentle spring season: fresh, full of promise, and unburdened by the storms of life, a time for imagination, exploration, and forming lifelong bonds with family and friends.
Yet, my wife and I worry. Where once parents told children to beware of strangers outside the home, today, we must also guard against the \"strangers\" and dangers lurking within – in the digital world. Technology offers promise, but it has also dramatically altered childhood experiences, self-worth and social relationships over the past decade.
The harmful effects of excessive screen time and social media on the young are well-documented. I am therefore heartened by the plans announced in the Ministry of Digital Development and Information's Addendum to the President's Address, to establish an Online Safety Commission and to promote healthier digital interactions for children and youth, study interventions in other countries, build on existing measures for age-appropriate access and encourage positive norms for digital well-being. I believe, Mr Speaker, that we are at an inflexion point as a society.
Aside from online safety, the data and literature on the harm caused to the overall well-being of children and youths, growing up in a digital environment is well-researched and publicised. Many Members of this House would be, for example, well-versed with Jonathan Haidt's book, \"The Anxious Generation\".
We have also all read reports that indicate that while our children are well-connected in the digital world, they remain lonely and disconnected in real life.
The 2024 Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy-Institute of Policy Studies' Youth Survey found that more than half of young people find it easier to communicate online and feel anxious when they interact with others in person. Younger respondents also report higher levels of social isolation and loneliness. A CNA-Institute of Policy Studies survey found that youths aged 13 to 19 spend an average of 8.5 hours daily on screens. These are deeply worrying statistics.
I recall watching The Emoji Movie with my children. I am not sure if Members have watched this movie. But imagine all the emojis come together, through animation, in a story about young people expressing their inner thoughts through emojis to interact with each other.
To me, the movie was an excellent depiction of how our young are growing up socially in a digital world. To be fair, adults also regularly and, as a matter, of course, express emotions through emojis. However, most adults of today grew up in a less digitally enabled time and therefore are more likely to be equipped with strong relationships and real-life experiences with family and friends in the \"physical world\".
I for one am glad that the Government is keeping a close watch on this trend and is prepared to take steps to intervene by introducing the appropriate legislative safeguards to protect our young.
But will this be enough to shape behaviours especially when the digital space is all pervasive? Even if we manage to somehow reduce or limit access to the digital world for our young, it is likely to leave a gaping void that needs to be filled. While we use legislative levers to address immediate concerns and shape future behaviour, there is also a need to intervene directly in our communities and facilitate social activities and interactions for our young to fill the void.
We have done this successfully for our seniors with our Active Ageing Centres. In fact, we could consider co-locating centres for our children and youth with our Active Ageing Centres. I believe both our seniors, children and youths will benefit from being close to each other with opportunities to interact.
I am confident that we will have the support of many parents for such centres. In the Bidadari Estate, I have been approached by parents of young children who are prepared to put in the time to set up and run such community spaces to keep our youths engaged. They recently shared their proposal with me and I would like to share their vision statement with this House. I quote, \"To create a space where parents and children can connect, learn and grow, strengthening their bonds and building resilience together. By fostering a culture of well-being, we aim to nurture a new generation of healthy, confident children and resilient, supported parents. We believe that when families flourish, communities do too\", unquote.
There are many like-minded parents in our community who are prepared to work with us to provide safe and engaging spaces for our youths within the community. I strongly urge the Government to leverage on the interest, resources and expertise in the community to set up such community spaces so that our young have opportunities to spend time interacting with friends, family and grow bonds in the community, the old-fashioned way, face-to-face, in person.
Mr Speaker, as we work towards nurturing a \"we first\" society beyond SG60, we must ensure that we continue to look after our collective well-being. We are only as strong as our weakest link. We have a duty to support our seniors and for the future of the nation, ensure that our young grow up healthy, happy and safe both in the digital and the physical realms.
Together with the foundations of resilience, unity and fighting spirit as a people, I am confident that we can overcome our challenges and shape a future in which we will continue to not just survive but thrive. I support the Motion. [Applause.]
Mr Speaker: Mr Edward Chia.
Mr Edward Chia Bing Hui (Holland-Bukit Timah): Mr Speaker, Sir, it is an honour to rise in this House and to continue serving the residents of Holland-Bukit Timah GRC, especially those in Zhenghua. My heartfelt thanks to all residents.
First, I would like to declare my interest as an entrepreneur within the circular economy space, specifically running a food circularity business. I also serve as an Exco member of the Restaurant Association of Singapore and as an advisor to the Singapore Association of Ship Suppliers and Services, the National Instructors and Coaches Association, and the Visual, Audio and Creative Content Professionals Association (VICPA).
I echo the President's call to refresh Singapore's economic strategies, and to build a future that is both resilient and inclusive.
The world around us is shifting rapidly. Global markets, once seen as stable, are now weighed down by war, protectionist tariffs, and domestic upheavals. Multinational corporations are recalibrating supply chains and rethinking strategies, while trade itself is increasingly weaponised. In this climate, countries are competing fiercely with subsidies and incentives to win investments.
Singapore cannot and should not compete on size or subsidy. We must compete on relevance, on the strength of our ecosystem. And this is why SMEs matter. They provide the embedded networks and value that anchor investors here, and they give Singapore its relevance.
In uncertain times, agility often trumps scale and agility is where our SMEs shine. They are adaptable, deeply rooted in our communities and reflect the entrepreneurial spirit that built modern Singapore. Strengthening them is an economic imperative and also a social one. They enrich livelihoods, sustain communities and make Singapore a more cohesive nation.
To unlock this potential, we need a mindset shift, to see SMEs as co-creators of our national transformation.
To unlock the potential of our SMEs, I put forward eight recommendations. These recommendations fall under three themes, providing targeted relief with accountability, fostering collaboration that scales, and driving structural reforms that reward both economic performance and social impact.
First, I propose a Targeted Restart Grant to support viable firms, particularly in sectors, like F&B, logistics, tourism and services, that continue to grapple with global supply chain disruptions and a subdued business outlook. Crucially, a Restart grant ensures that entrepreneurs with deep experience and networks are empowered to restart so that the jobs they create, the communities they anchor, and the know-how they carry are not lost, but preserved as economic and social value for our nation.
This support should be conditional. It must be tied to forward-looking transformation plans, such as digitalisation, process redesign, internationalisation and workforce upskilling. The aim is not to prop up outdated business models, but to catalyse renewal and innovation.
Support should be structured with clear milestones, co-funding ratios and sunset clauses. Firms that meet their transformation goals could tap into productivity credits and other grants. Those who do not should exit the support framework to safeguard public value. In short, Mr Speaker, we must help experience restart, not expire.
Beyond restarting, SMEs will also need time to rebuild. This is why my second proposal is to give SMEs more breathing space when it comes to financing. This could include extending loan tenures, offer repayment flexibility or introducing principal moratoriums, especially for firms undergoing transformation. These measures should be calibrated with risk-based pricing and require recipients to commit to basic financial reporting and cashflow transparency.
In my maiden speech, I called for repayment schemes to go beyond rent arrears. Today, I reiterate that we should extend them to a wider range of obligations – personal guarantees, insurance bonds, trade financing and term loans. Just as the COVID-19 framework gave many businesses a lifeline, such calibrated extensions can give SMEs the time and confidence to press on with transformation.
At the same time, we cannot rely on traditional banks alone. Alternative financing models must be expanded – revenue-based financing and venture debt designed for SMEs. These instruments are especially crucial for high-growth sectors, like agri-tech, clean energy, health tech and the digital economy, where upfront investment is heavy but long-term returns can be transformative for Singapore’s future. In short, we must give SMEs not just capital, but also time, because time is the oxygen they need to grow, adapt and thrive.
Third, we must actively encourage SMEs to form consortiums and project joint ventures. Forming consortiums allows SMEs to pool talent, share resources and punch above their weight for larger contracts. To facilitate this, agencies can provide higher grant quantums for firms that collaborate in enterprise around projects, seeking greater collaborative ventures. Beyond this, the Government should enhance grant support and offer favourable financing terms for consortiums, including joint training programmes, shared intellectual property frameworks and common procurement platforms.
Trade associations and chambers of commerce should act as neutral convenors and custodians, ensuring accountability and fair distribution of benefits, while giving SMEs the confidence to collaborate at scale. In short, by encouraging collaboration, we multiply the impact of our SMEs, turning small firms into a connected ecosystem that strengthens Singapore’s competitiveness and resilience.
Fourth, we must improve payment terms to ease cash flow for SMEs. Delayed payments from large corporates or Government-linked entities can cripple small businesses. The Government can lead by example to commit to shorter standard payment terms, ideally within 30 days. In addition, I propose introducing automatic late-payment interest clauses to encourage discipline and predictability. This should also include the timely disbursement of grants once project milestones are met. To institutionalise this further, we implement procurement performance scorecard that tracks payment timeliness and SME participation across the public sector.
Fifth, I call for a more efficient regulatory system. For SMEs, every month spent waiting for approvals is a month of lost opportunity. We must set clear standards with publishable timelines, expand \"silent approvals\" for low-risk applications and adopt sandboxes so that new business models can be tested safely. And to make this stick, we should institutionalise a scorecard that tracks timeliness of approvals across public agencies.
My sixth proposal addresses the issue of rising manpower costs. While the PWM is a critical and necessary step toward uplifting lower-wage workers and affirming the dignity of labour, we must also acknowledge the strain it is placing on our SMEs. Many are struggling to keep pace with mandated wage increases, especially when productivity gains take time to realise and passing on costs to consumers risks pricing them out of the market.
This pressure is further compounded by the rising total cost of foreign manpower, fuelled by higher dormitory costs, steeper qualifying salaries and persistent foreign worker levies. Let us recall that these levies were originally intended to guard against wage suppression. But in sectors already governed by PWM, where wage ladders are clearly structured and enforced, such levies are increasingly redundant, even counterproductive. They burden SMEs without offering meaningful additional safeguards for workers. I, hence, urge the Government to undertake a comprehensive review of the foreign worker levy framework in PWM-covered sectors. Targeted levy reductions or time-bound rebates, similar to those introduced during the pandemic, should be considered.
My seventh proposal addresses rent, a structural issue that continues to weigh heavily on our SMEs. For years, SMEs have called for greater rent data transparency. Why? Because transparency levels the playing field. It ensures fairer negotiations and it allows businesses to make informed decisions.
In the residential property market, URA already publishes rent and property sale values, giving tenants and buyers clarity. Government landlords have also published land and rental data. These are positive precedents. This is why I call on URA to extend this practice and publish commercial rent data in a format similar to that used for residential properties. In addition to transparency, as the largest landowner in Singapore, the Government has the opportunity and also the responsibility to shape how market systems evolve.
I propose that public tenancy evaluations scale and expand the Price Quality Method. Crucially, \"quality\" component should reflect not just financial bids, but also social and environmental value. This can be aligned with the Corporate Purpose framework under the Company of Good by the National Voluntary and Philanthropy Centre, where firms are assessed not only on profits, but on their contributions to people, society, governance, environment and the economy. Firms recognised with one to three hearts, or as Champions of Good, could then be awarded proportionate scoring in tenancy evaluations.
Because, Mr Speaker, our enterprises are not just economic agents, they are also social change agents and a rent model that rewards placemaking, inclusivity and sustainability will strengthen businesses and enrich Singapore.
Lastly, we must acknowledge that automation requires space, both physical and financial. Automated operations often involve additional infrastructure. For example, an automated production line may require space for conveyance systems, robotic arms, storage buffers, or automated sorting and quality control stations. These spatial needs can significantly increase upfront costs and logistics complexity, particularly for SMEs operating in compact facilities.
For such businesses, I propose that the Government offer property tax relief, accelerated capital allowances, longer lease tenures, calibrated foreign worker levy reductions, provided these are tagged to productivity gains and worker upskilling outcomes. Such support would lower the barriers to automation adoption, while ensuring that public resources lead to real, measurable improvements in efficiency, skills development and competitiveness.
Mr Speaker, Sir, our SMEs already contribute 50% of our Singapore's GDP and employ nearly 70% of our workforce. That alone shows how vital they are and how much more we can unlock if we support them better and support them now. It may be tempting to focus on larger enterprises for quick wins in GDP and jobs. But SMEs are not just smaller versions of multinational enterprises (MNEs). They are the backbone of our ecosystem. They provide the networks, the know-how and the connections that make Singapore attractive to global investors. And when MNEs bring in technology and market access, SMEs gain, scale-up and innovate.
Stronger SMEs mean better jobs: progressive, higher-value, future-ready jobs for Singaporeans. They anchor communities, build skills and nurture innovation. By growing our SME sector, we create a pipeline of local global champions. We stabilise our economy. We build resilience. And we ensure Singapore remains relevant, wherever and whatever the future economic order may be.
Strong SMEs, better jobs, a resilient and inclusive Singapore. Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker: Mr Sharael Taha.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Adjournment of Debate","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OS","content":"Mr Sharael Taha (Pasir Ris-Changi): Mr Speaker, may I seek your consent to move that the debate be now adjourned?
Mr Speaker: I give my consent.
[(proc text) Resolved, \"That the debate be now adjourned.\" – [Mr Sharael Taha]. (proc text)]
Mr Speaker: Mr Sharael Taha, debate to be resumed on what day?
Mr Sharael Taha: Tomorrow, Sir.
Mr Speaker: So be it. Leader.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"The Future of Library","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"OS","content":"The Leader of the House (Ms Indranee Rajah): Mr Speaker, I move, \"That Parliament do now adjourn.\"
[(proc text) Question proposed. (proc text)]
Mr Speaker: Ms Tin Pei Ling.
Ms Tin Pei Ling (Marine Parade-Braddell Heights): Mr Speaker, Sir, libraries have been an integral part of civilisation throughout history and most definitely an integral part of our lives. Libraries are not mere buildings with shelves of books. From the Library of Alexandria in antiquity to Singapore’s National Library today, libraries have served as enduring institutions for the preservation of knowledge and the advancement of society.
Civilisations rise when they record, preserve and share knowledge. The act of collecting stories, ideas and discoveries, and making them accessible, has been at the core of humanity’s advancement. Libraries have carried wisdom across centuries and borders. They embody the conviction that knowledge should be shared with the many.
For a nation, libraries are more than cultural symbols. In Singapore, where our greatest resource is our people, libraries play a role in nurturing our human capital. Our libraries have supported lifelong learning, from children discovering their first storybook to adults picking up new knowledge and skills. They have anchored national literacy campaigns, strengthened education and provided safe and open spaces for learning.
In an era where information can be overwhelming and sometimes misleading, libraries equip citizens with the ability to discern, to think critically, and to engage responsibly in civic life.
Libraries in our community, beyond civilisation and progress, libraries are also about community. In Singapore, our libraries are not silent monuments. They are vibrant living spaces, where neighbours and friends meet, where students study, where seniors gather for talks and where families come together. Libraries provide not just access to information, but access to one another. They embody inclusiveness, anyone can step in freely. In a world of growing divisions, libraries remain one of the most welcoming spaces in society.
Libraries are also a safe and nurturing space for children within the community.
A friend of mine, Ervin Yeo, shared with me that he grew up in the Geylang East Library, which is situated in MacPherson. When he was a little boy, his grandmother, who was also his caregiver, would leave him there while she went about her daily chores and he would roam the library, freely access the wide range of books available and soak in the wisdom that the books offered. Growing up in such an environment must have shaped his affable personality and sharp intellect. He later became a scholar and, today, he is a highly successful senior corporate leader.
More recently, a few of my residents, who are young parents of children with special needs, shared with me that the Geylang East Library have been a safe haven for their children. When they are busy at work, they find it most reassuring when they know that their children are in the safe bounds of the library with their caregivers. They know that it is a safe space that can help their children learn and grow, that does not judge but embraces all their uniqueness.
Libraries are also a social space for seniors to stay connected with friends and new knowledge. Again, at the Geylang East Library, we have many seniors who enjoy the access to a wide range of newspapers, publications and an environment where they feel familiar and comfortable. Apart from meeting like-minded friends from the neighbourhood, they could also participate in the talks, workshops and experience sessions that the library offers. The library and what it offers give them a reason to look forward to each new day.
Our libraries have never stood still, from card catalogues to digital search, from physical shelves to e-books and online databases, from quiet reading rooms to hubs of creativity, where makerspaces, storytelling corners, and digital labs now flourish. I still remember the days when I had to buy a cashcard to photocopy many, many pages of books so that I can go home and do my project work or paper. Today, we can easily access the material needed digitally.
So, our libraries have evolved with the times. And in the future, libraries can evolve even further. Changing lifestyles, evolving reading patterns and ongoing digitalisation are some of the key drivers of how we access and consume knowledge.
As such, I understand that our libraries, from its form, location, to service delivery, will have to adapt as well. Already, the National Library Board (NLB) has put in tremendous effort to go digital over the years, preserving precious data and publications using digital means, introducing apps and more.
That being said, it is with a heavy heart that we learn of the Geylang East Library ceasing operations at its current premise in 2030. The plan, as announced by NLB is to relocate the library to the new Tanjong Katong Complex.
Residents from MacPherson, and nearby constituencies, such as Jalan Besar and Geylang Serai, had voiced concerns about this decision. These residents have deep emotional attachments to the library, many of whom grew up with the library. They have similar stories like Ervin's.
Some enjoy bringing their children to the library as it is a safe space for their young ones to hang out and stay engaged meaningfully. Some have senior parents who see it as a daily routine to go the library to read, socialise and stay active. To them, the building is more than a physical icon in MacPherson, but a huge part of their memories, our collective memories. To learn of the relocation, we all feel a deep sense of loss.
Having learnt of the relocation, I reached out to NLB to appeal. According to NLB, there are some reasons that they have considered to make this decision.
Firstly, Geylang East Public Library, which occupies a building of more than 30 years old, has experienced a steady decline in its visitorship and loans. According to NLB, both its visitorship and loans are consistently lower when compared to other public libraries over the last few years. Therefore, moving it to the revamped Tanjong Katong Complex will enable NLB, which is publicly funded and with a public mission, to reach out to a larger catchment, while still being able to serve the residents in MacPherson.
Secondly, from NLB's past experiences, a library being co-located in a shopping mall brings much higher visitorship than being a standalone facility. This is because of the synergy with other activities in a shopping mall. Therefore, under the Library of the Future Masterplan, NLB's strategy is to move standalone libraries to shopping malls when opportunities come about.
Thirdly, NLB considered the alternative approach of retaining the library at its current location and revamping it in-situ. But it is not cost effective to do so given the ageing infrastructure and it will cost much more than co-locating it in a shopping mall.
So, the above three reasons were what I have learnt from NLB.
I understand these reasons and the need for NLB to consider different factors and trade-offs. Ultimately, the NLB has a national mission, but they also need to ensure public dollars are well-spent. Still, I would like to ask the following questions,
One, can more data or statistics be shared about how visitorship has trended over the past years for Geylang East Library and indeed, other libraries in Singapore? Two, how has overall readership, whether it is via physical loans or digital access, been trending? Three, in terms of lifetime cost, how much does it cost to maintain a standalone building like the Geylang East one versus co-locating it in a shopping mall? Four, if Geylang East Library has to really must be relocated, what will the NLB do to ensure that our residents continue to have easy access to not just the publications but also a space where they can feel safe, to learn, grow and stay meaningfully engaged? Will the community library be possible? How will the NLB work with our community to achieve this?
Even as our libraries adopt new models and go digital, let us not lose what once brought us joy, the feel of a real book in our hands, the wonder through crowded shelves that sparks imagination and the shared pleasure of coming together to do something meaningful as a community.
In conclusion, libraries continue to be a key foundation for our society and the future. They remind us that civilisation is built not just on technology or trade, but on ideas shared, stories told, and communities formed.
In Singapore, libraries remain vital to our national progress, nurturing our minds, connecting our people and helping us navigate an uncertain world. We must treasure them, invest in them and ensure that even as they evolve, our people can continue to access our libraries meaningfully and freely.
Mr Speaker: Minister of State Rahayu Mahzam.
The Minister of State for Digital Development and Information (Ms Rahayu Mahzam): Mr Speaker, I thank the Member for the opportunity to speak on the future of libraries. The Member has raised several queries which I will address in my response to this Motion.
Digital disruption has impacted libraries worldwide as reading habits shift amidst a rise in digital content consumption.
NLB's latest National Reading Habits Survey confirms this trend. While e-book reading has held steady, physical book reading among adults dropped to 75% in 2024, compared to 89% in 2018. And 81% of adults indicated that they like to consume information via videos, compared to 62% who indicated that they like to consume information via hardcopy sources. To remain relevant, libraries will need to adapt and reinvent how they deliver content and services to its citizens.
Given the shifts in the information landscape, NLB is aware that inaction will undermine the fundamental role libraries and archives play as custodians of knowledge. In today's digital age, libraries play an even more critical role as community institutions whose physical presence fosters a sense of rootedness in community amongst patrons. We will continue to develop our libraries and strengthen its mandate as a key community node to foster learning and reading in this digital age.
NLB has seized the opportunity to re-imagine how libraries should look in the digital age. Today, let me share three key roles of libraries and how NLB will continue to fulfil them to support the reading, learning and discovery needs of our citizens in the digital age.
First, libraries serve as catalysts for reading and lifelong learning, a key goal that NLB has always championed.
We want Singaporeans to discover, or rediscover, their love for reading, be it turning the pages of a physical book or scrolling through an e-book.
Library visitorship and physical loans in 2024 have remained strong, with 20.8 million visitors to our network of libraries, the National Library and the National Archives. Our patrons have also checked out 24 million physical items in 2024, showing that Singaporeans continue to value the physical library experience.
At the same time, digital consumption of information continues to be on the rise, with library members borrowing 14.8 million digital items in 2024.
Beyond championing a culture of reading, NLB is transforming into a national platform for lifelong learning, working with like-minded partners to provide learning opportunities for everyone.
While our libraries have traditionally been successful at engaging children, we have increased our offerings for adults. NLB has partnered with SkillsFuture Singapore to help working adults embrace lifelong learning through THRIVE@libraries, our marquee learning festival. Moreover, learning engagement has been extended to seniors through programmes like Time of Your Life Celebration.
To support our Smart Nation ambitions, NLB has invested in initiatives to give citizens opportunities to explore emerging technologies. One such initiative is StoryGen, which taps on generative artificial intelligence's image generation capabilities to bring stories to life for library patrons.
As new technologies emerge, NLB is committed to ensure that these learning opportunities remain accessible for all. Citizens can count on the public libraries to be a place for them to learn as well as experience new technologies and find out for themselves how exciting these developments can be and how they may apply to everyday life.
New technologies come with associated risks. As libraries empower people to embrace new technologies, libraries will also equip citizens with the skills to go online safely and responsibly.
Some of you would be familiar with NLB's S.U.R.E. campaign, which stands for Source, Understand, Research, Evaluate, and how it provides everyone with a simple and intuitive framework to assess the reliability of information. This is supported by a range of programmes and resources on topics such as generative artificial intelligence, online scams and digital safety.
Another area in which libraries have curated resources on is parenting in a digital age. This is a challenging experience for many parents. Those of us who are parents today did not grow up with digital technologies and are naturally not confident in our ability to guide our children's digital habits. To support digital parenting, NLB has curated relevant resources, such as videos via its LearnX platform, for parents to help their children develop and practise healthy digital habits. NLB will do more in this area and is conducting parenting programmes and workshops at libraries to help parents and children practise healthy digital habits together.
Next, our libraries play an important role in bringing learning and knowledge to those with less means in our community.
In particular, NLB has been re-inventing itself and its spaces for persons with disabilities (PwDs). In 2023, NLB launched a suite of services for PwDs at the Punggol Library. This includes Calm Pods, which offer a private and calming sensorial experience to those who might need it, and the Borrow-N-Go tunnel, which enables users to go through the wide passageway and have their books automatically checked out.
To ensure that these services are developed to meet the diverse needs of PwDs, NLB had engaged over 500 PwDs and their caregivers to understand how its libraries could better serve their needs.
As a key social equaliser, NLB continues to support lower-income families through the kidsREAD programme, which promotes reading among young children since 2004. NLB launched kidsREAD@Home last year to bring volunteers directly to public rental flats to conduct reading sessions for children, after a pilot in 2023. To date, almost 200 children have benefited from kidsREAD@Home.
Finally, our libraries serve as anchors for the community. They are places where Singaporeans foster connections and encourage one another to learn and discover.
Libraries are spaces where people can discover their interests and connect with like-minded individuals.
Our libraries are home to 130 volunteer-led learning communities that cover a diverse range of interests. Some examples include Learning I.T. for Seniors, which is conducted in English and Mandarin, and the Ilham Pustaka Malay Reading Club, which is co-facilitated by established local authors.
Through these avenues of peer learning, library patrons can exchange knowledge on various interests, generate support for new passion projects and strengthen community networks.
Beyond fostering present-day connections, our archives also connect us with our past. The National Library and National Archives are the memory institutions of Singapore, preserving our documentary heritage and sharing stories of our past that help us have a richer understanding of what it means to be Singaporean.
The recently launched SG60 Heart&Soul Experience draws extensively from the National Archives' rich repositories of photographs, videos and oral histories, enabling Singaporeans to connect to stories of the past, even as we look towards the future.
Our libraries must remain accessible and be conveniently located in key community hubs where Singaporeans live, work and play. This has guided the formulation of the Libraries of the Future Masterplan, a 15-year masterplan to systematically revamp and upgrade the older public libraries from 2017 to 2030.
As part of this plan, NLB's strategy has been to move standalone libraries to places which enjoy easy access to transportation hubs and networks. This includes shopping malls and integrated hubs.
We understand that some Members are concerned about the relocation of the libraries and its impact on the community.
The decision to relocate any library is not taken lightly. Before deciding to relocate a particular library or to revamp it in-situ, NLB considers various factors, such as land use plans, the number of residents it can best serve, the library's age and the number of years since the last major renovation. Ultimately, NLB makes the decision based on how it can best serve and reach more patrons with its services and collections.
The upcoming relocation of Geylang East Library to Tanjong Katong Complex, as mentioned by the Member, reflects this approach. In the last decade, from 2015 to 2024, Geylang East Library has experienced declining visitorship from 670,000 to less than 470,000, about a 31% drop. We hope the relocation will help to improve the visitorship for the library, just as it did for the libraries at Harbourfront and Tampines, which saw a 58% and 71% increase in visitorship respectively over three years.
NLB had also considered retaining and revamping Geylang East Library at its current location. However, it will cost more than two times per square metre to revamp it in its current location as compared to relocating it to Tanjong Katong Complex. This translates into a budgetary difference of $22 million.
We recognise that whenever public libraries are relocated, they will become closer to some residents and farther for others. We are thus committed to ensuring that the new locations remain accessible.
For residents who live near the existing Geylang East Library, the new location is a short bus ride away. Notwithstanding this, NLB has engaged Geylang East residents to better understand their needs. We take public feedback seriously. NLB is working to identify a potential suitable space nearby to provide some form of library presence, such as a reading corner or a pop-up library.
We will also work with relevant grassroots organisations to help residents access NLB's digital resources or delivery services, ensuring continued reading and learning opportunities.
This year marks NLB's 30th anniversary. Our mission is to inspire Singaporeans to read, learn and discover and this mission is stronger than ever.
At the National Day Rally, Prime Minister Wong said that Singapore must be a \"we first\" society. This aligns with how we envision our libraries, as trusted spaces where people from all walks of life come together as one community to read, learn and discover together.
[(proc text) Question put, and agreed to. (proc text)]
[(proc text) Resolved, \"That Parliament do now adjourn.\" (proc text)]
Mr Speaker: Pursuant to Standing Order 2(3)(a), I wish to inform hon Members that the Sitting tomorrow will commence at 11.30 am. Order. Order.
Adjourned accordingly at 7.48 pm.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":"Matter Raised On Adjournment Motion","questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Data on Individuals Assisted by SkillsFuture Jobseeker Support Scheme Since Launch","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"26 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Minister for Manpower how many individuals have received assistance under the SkillsFuture Jobseeker Support Scheme since its launch in April 2025 given the projection that it will benefit around 60,000 jobseekers annually.
Dr Tan See Leng: Mr Edward Chia asked whether the SkillsFuture Jobseeker Support (JS) scheme will be extended to workers engaged on contracts for service with non-renewals. In a contract for service, a self-employed person or a freelancer is engaged for a fee to carry out an assignment or project. The independent contractor can decide whether to accept the contract and there is no guarantee of renewals. Therefore, we do not cover them under the JS scheme, which is meant for involuntarily unemployed jobseekers.
Ms Elysa Chen and Dr Wan Rizal asked about the individuals who have received assistance under the JS scheme since its launch in April 2025. As of 31 August 2025, Workforce Singapore (WSG) had received over 7,200 applications, of which almost 2,900, or 40%, were approved and slightly more than 4,300, or 60%, were rejected. The majority of successful and unsuccessful applicants both fell within the same age range of 26-40.
The top three reasons for unsuccessful applications were that the applicant was not assessed to be involuntarily unemployed; the applicant's past average monthly income exceeded the income threshold of $5,000 per month; and the applicant had not worked at least six months in the past 12 months.
We have held the line in these cases, as the JS scheme is meant to support those made unemployed involuntarily due to reasons, such as retrenchment, cessation of business, dismissal or termination due to illness, injury or accident, rather than those who have chosen to leave. Where there is ambiguity in the reason for a worker becoming unemployed, WSG actively reaches out to employers to conduct verification checks. The income threshold of $5,000 per month exists to focus our support on lower- to middle-income jobseekers who are more likely to face financial pressure. The requirement of having worked six months in the past year is to target workers who faced recent unemployment shocks and help them bounce back well, as opposed to those who have already been outside the workforce for some time and may need other forms of support.
We will continue working with tripartite partners to raise awareness of the scheme among those who are involuntarily unemployed and encourage employers conducting retrenchments to lean forward to assist affected employees with applications for the scheme.
While the JS scheme is still in its early days, I would like to assure Members that we are closely monitoring the situation and will review the scheme parameters regularly to ensure that we provide the necessary support to involuntarily unemployed jobseekers. I would also like to stress that the JS scheme should not be viewed in isolation, as it builds on the Government's existing suite of programmes and services to help all jobseekers, such as the SkillsFuture Level-Up Programme and WSG's Career Conversion Programmes. We are committed to support all jobseekers to bounce back to better jobs.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Correlation between Number of Trains Operating on NEL during Peak and Capacity Utilisation","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"30 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Acting Minister for Transport what are LTA's plans to alleviate train congestion or to increase train frequency for the North-East Line (NEL), especially for commuters living in the northeast.
31 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what is the current number of trains operating on the North-East Line (NEL) during peak-hours; (b) what is (i) the corresponding maximum passengers per hour per direction and (ii) the capacity utilisation during peak-hours; and (c) whether there are plans and the potential to further increase capacity of the NEL given rising demand.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: SBS Transit is currently operating up to 40 trains along the North-East Line (NEL) during the peak-hours of 7.30 am-9.30 am, up from 36 trains previously in 2024. The wait time between trains during peak hours is less than two minutes. Most commuters are able to board the first train that arrives. However, during peak hour, some commuters may have to wait another two minutes to board the second train.
Beyond increasing NEL train frequencies and adding new trains, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) has enhanced the five existing peak-hour bus services and added five new peak-hour bus services for the Northeast Region. LTA has also improved incentives for the Travel Smart Journeys programme to encourage commuters to shift their timing or mode of their journeys.
While the pandemic had delayed the planned opening of Cross Island Line (CRL), we are on track to completing the CRL Phase 1 and the CRL Punggol Extension by the early 2030s. LTA is also conducting feasibility studies for a new Seletar Line to provide an additional option for commuters travelling from the northeast to the city centre.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Considerations for Singapore’s Position on Cross-Border Ride-Hailing","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"35 Mr Edward Chia Bing Hui asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what are the key considerations that will guide Singapore's position on cross-border ride-hailing; and (b) how does the Ministry intend to balance user convenience with safeguards to protect the livelihoods of local private hire drivers.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: Since July 2025, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) has stepped up enforcement against unlicensed foreign vehicles providing point-to-point (P2P) services within Singapore, in response to feedback and information provided by the National Taxi Association (NTA), the National Private Hire Vehicles Association (NPHVA) and members of the public. Over 70 vehicles have been caught since then. This is to safeguard commuter safety and protect the livelihoods of licensed local drivers. Illegal services lack valid insurance coverage and use drivers without proper licenses, which can have serious consequences for passengers in an accident.
As announced by the Platform Workers Trilateral Group, the Government will continue to enforce against illegal P2P rides, by increasing penalties to strengthen deterrence and pushing for the removal of apps, channels and advertisements facilitating such services.
At the same time, we recognise there is significant unmet demand for more convenient P2P services, for both leisure and business travel. We are in discussions with the Malaysian authorities to enhance the Cross-Border Taxi Scheme, as well as to develop new options to accommodate large families with young children, the elderly and less mobile, and corporate customers. Meanwhile, ComfortDelGro and Strides Premier will accept phone and online form bookings, respectively, for their taxis licensed under the existing Cross-Border Taxi Scheme, for doorstep pick-ups for local commuters; and will provide more earning opportunities for drivers.
As discussions progress, we will continue to engage NTA and NPHVA. We need safeguards in place for our drivers while we strive to meet commuters' needs. Based on their feedback, we are exploring using location tracking, including electronic road pricing 2.0, to prevent illegal trips by cross-border taxis within Singapore.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Cause of 26 July 2025 Sinkhole and Measures to Prevent or Minimise Such Incidences","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"36 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether an update can be provided on the cause of the sinkhole which occurred on the evening of 26 July 2025 along Tanjong Katong Road; and (b) what additional measures will be taken in future to prevent or minimise the occurrence of such sinkholes in the vicinity as well as on all our roads generally.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: The question has been addressed with similar Parliamentary Questions on 22 September 2025 via written answer. Please refer to the response to Questions in the 22 September 2025 Order Paper. [Please refer to \"Cause and Actions Taken for Sinkhole Formation at Tanjong Katong Road South in July 2025\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Update on Review of Practices and Safeguards on Sinkhole Incident on 26 July 2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"37 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) when will the independent review of practices and safeguards pertaining to the sinkhole incident on 26 July 2025 at Tanjong Katong Road South be completed; (b) what is the frequency of sewer shaft inspections to ensure their continued structural integrity; and (c) whether any additional measures have been made by the Ministry to ensure workers’ safety at similar worksites.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: The question has been addressed with similar Parliamentary Questions on 22 September 2025 via written answer. Please refer to the response to Questions in the 22 September 2025 Order Paper. [Please refer to \"Cause and Actions Taken for Sinkhole Formation at Tanjong Katong Road South in July 2025\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Factors Triggering Increased Public Sector Hiring to Support Singaporeans and Fresh Graduate Vacancies in Public Service","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"38 Mr Pritam Singh asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) of the approximately 2,400 immediate vacancies on Careers@Gov available in the public sector for fresh graduates as of 10 July 2025, what is the total number of applicants for these vacancies to-date; (b) how many vacancies have been filled; and (c) how many new vacancies for fresh graduates have been created in the public service since 10 July 2025.
39 Mr Low Wu Yang Andre asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance in view of the threat of artificial intelligence-driven job displacement, what specific economic indicators or graduate unemployment thresholds will trigger an increased public sector hiring to support Singaporeans as has been done during past economic downturns.
Mr Chan Chun Sing (for the Prime Minister): I will answer the questions filed by Mr Low Wu Yang Andre and Mr Pritam Singh together, as they both relate to public sector hiring.
To Mr Low Wu Yang Andre's question, employment rates are affected by various factors, such as economic and labour market conditions. Increases in public sector hiring in response to economic downturns will take the cue from the larger national response to economic conditions.
In deciding whether to trigger further support for Singaporeans during an economic downturn, the Government closely monitors a range of economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product growth and sectoral value-added growth, as well as labour market indicators, such as unemployment rates, employment growth, retrenchments and polls, that track firms' hiring and wage expectations. Beyond specific trigger points based on the economic outlook, we also stay responsive to feedback on the ground to address specific concerns as they arise.
Based on economic and labour market data for 2Q 2025, economic conditions remain stable, but this is set against a backdrop of some uncertainty as a result of trade tensions and geopolitical conflict.
Mr Pritam Singh asked about the status of public sector hiring. Around 45% of the earlier projected 2,400 vacancies in the public sector have been filled. To increase awareness of the job opportunities in the public sector, we have expanded our outreach through additional efforts, such as the SG Public Service Career Fair held on 23 August 2025. The Fair attracted around 1,800 fresh graduates. There will continue to be new vacancies as needs of public agencies evolve. For example, more than 300 new vacancies for fresh graduates have been added as of 11 September 2025. We will continue to hire people with the right skills, values and attitudes to the Public Service, and we welcome capable and committed Singaporeans to come forward to take up the vacancies.
To further support fresh graduates in gaining experience and practical skills that will strengthen their employability, we will be introducing the GRIT@Gov Traineeship Programme from October 2025.
We will continue to monitor the situation and longer-term trends closely.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Strategies to Safeguard Job Stability for Singaporeans in Light of Trade Tensions and Structural Shifts in Labour Market","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"41 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Minister for Manpower what strategies are being put in place to safeguard job stability for Singaporeans in light of rising trade tensions and structural shifts in the labour market.
Dr Tan See Leng: Mr Saktiandi Supaat and Dr Wan Rizal filed Parliamentary Questions regarding anxiety about job security and measures to safeguard job stability and strengthen support for workers.
Some Singaporeans feel anxious over job security due to an increased sense of uncertainty over the future, exacerbated by recent global events and accelerating technological advancements.
In a dynamic economy, there will be continual creation and destruction of jobs. Our approach is to safeguard workers by helping them to move on to new jobs over time rather than to save jobs. Saving jobs that are no longer productive may hinder the growth of new and better jobs for Singaporeans in the longer term. Our approach to safeguard workers has three thrusts.
First, create good jobs by facilitating the flow of investments into Singapore. We provide support for businesses to upgrade and transform their workforce in response to structural shifts in the economy. For example, we set aside over $600 million at this year’s Budget for the Enterprise Workforce Transformation Package and the National Trades Union Congress' (NTUC's) Company Training Committee Grant to provide greater support for businesses in workforce transformation.
Second, we equip workers with the right skillsets to help them remain employable, spending over $10 billion over the last five years on local workforce initiatives. Workforce Singapore and SkillsFuture Singapore have a wide range of upskilling and reskilling programmes, such as the Career Conversion Programmes, the SkillsFuture Career Transition Programme and the SkillsFuture Level-Up Programme, to better support mid-career workers in upskilling and reskilling.
Third, we have strengthened support for workers and businesses to navigate a more complex and diverse labour market. The Ministry of Manpower launched the Career Health SG initiative to better optimise our workforce for future jobs. We have also set up the Tripartite Workgroup on Senior Employment to study how to extend the productive longevity of our ageing workforce. An Alliance for Action on Advancing Career and Employment Services was recently convened to work with the private sector on solutions to redefine jobs, strengthen employability and improve job matching. In addition, the SkillsFuture Jobseeker Support scheme launched earlier this year provides financial support for the involuntarily displaced so that they can bounce back stronger from employment setbacks.
The Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce will monitor the impact of global trade developments on local job creation and stand ready to roll out additional measures to bolster, if necessary. At the same time, we have embarked on the Economic Strategy Review to chart a forward-looking economic blueprint to secure good opportunities for our businesses and workers.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Progress of Take-up Rate of NEA's Incubation Stall Programme","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"42 Mr Liang Eng Hwa asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) what is the progress on the take-up rate of NEA's Incubation Stall Programme; and (b) whether the programme will be reviewed and improved to achieve better outcomes.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: Under the National Environment Agency's (NEA's) Incubation Stall Programme, aspiring hawkers can run their businesses at pre-fitted stalls with reduced stall rental for 15 months. As of 30 June 2025, NEA has allocated 99 incubation stalls to aspiring hawkers. About 37 of them have since converted to become full-fledged hawkers. Achieving business viability and sustainability in the hawker trade is dependent on aspiring hawkers' ability to meet patrons' expectations and manage their businesses effectively.
NEA conducts reviews of the programme and its parameters from time to time. In 2019, after taking in feedback from participants, NEA extended the 50% rental discounts from six to nine months and provided 25% rental discounts for a further six months, so that participants could have more time to build their clientele and stabilise business operations. NEA will continue to monitor and review the scheme from time to time to ensure that it remains relevant to the hawker trade and needs of aspiring hawkers.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Data on Jobseekers Finding Jobs After Being Retrenched for More than a Year and Possible \"Returnship\" Programme","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"43 Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim asked the Minister for Manpower (a) how many jobseekers are able to find jobs after being retrenched for more than a year; and (b) whether the Ministry can consider convening a \"returnship\" programme to support companies in re-employing jobseekers who are returning to the workforce including working mothers and retrenched professionals.
Dr Tan See Leng: Dr Charlene Chen and Ms Hazlina Halim have filed two Parliamentary Questions on supporting jobseekers to re-enter the workforce.
Of the 9,990 residents retrenched in 2023, 80.8% found employment within 18 months. There are existing schemes to support companies in employing those returning to the workforce. For example, Workforce Singapore's (WSG's) Mid-Career Pathways Programme (MCPP) provides attachment opportunities for mature mid-career Singaporeans aged 40 and above so that they can gain industry-relevant skills and experience, whilst assessing job-fit. Returning jobseekers can also tap on the Career Conversion Programmes (CCPs) to be reskilled for new job roles with good prospects. Enhanced salary support is provided to employers who hire CCP participants who have been unemployed for at least six months.
We also have a suite of measures to support Singaporeans re-entering the workforce, including older jobseekers, to find part-time or flexible work and inclusive employers. These include: CCPs, which we enhanced earlier this year to support mid-career workers to take up jobs with flexi-load arrangements, such as part-time work; the Senior Employment Credit, which supports employers to hire and retain Singaporeans aged 60 and above; the Part-Time Re-employment Grant, which supports employers to offer part-time re-employment, flexible work arrangements (FWAs) and structured career planning to their senior workers; and the Tripartite Guidelines on Flexible Work Arrangement Requests (TG-FWAR), which allows employers and employees to discuss and arrive at mutually-beneficial work arrangements. WSG also provides career matching and guidance services to support jobseekers, including interview preparation, networking and employer engagement.
As part of the Economic Strategy Review announced by Deputy Prime Minister Gan Kim Yong in August, the Committee on Managing Impact of Restructuring is developing ways to proactively support workers who are affected by economic transformation as well as strengthen system-level support for displaced workers to bounce back into gainful employment. The Committee will share more details in due course.
The Ministry of Manpower and WSG leverage multiple communications and outreach channels to increase awareness of these measures among both individuals and employers. This includes media pitches, marketing campaigns and roadshows. For older jobseekers, we will continue to build our presence at local communities, such as by hosting in-person career fairs and working closely with Community Development Councils to publicise and provide employment support, given that many older jobseekers still prefer having face-to-face engagements or finding work near their homes. The Tripartite Standards (TS) recognises employers who have implemented progressive employment practices, such as age-friendly workplaces and FWAs. On MyCareersFuture portal, jobseekers can identify these employers through their TS logomarks and select job postings that offer different types of FWAs.
The Government and tripartite partners have also convened a Tripartite Workgroup on Senior Employment, to review and refresh our policies to support senior employment. The Workgroup will release its recommendations next year.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Additional Measures to Tackle Increase in Cases of Government Officials Impersonation and Phishing Scams","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"44 Mr Vikram Nair asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in light of the increase in cases of Government officials impersonation scams, phishing scams and the amounts lost to such scams, whether the Ministry is considering additional measures which are specifically targeted at such scams.
Mr K Shanmugam: The rise in Government officials impersonation scams (GOIS) and phishing scams is a serious concern. They accounted for about 28% of all scam cases and about 34% of all scam losses in the first half of 2025.
To deal with GOIS, Government agencies have been using the \"gov.sg\" short message service (SMS) sender ID to send SMSes since July 2024 to help the public identify legitimate Government SMSes easily. We are planning a similar approach for outgoing Government calls. As an interim step, we intend to make outgoing calls to members of the public from commonly impersonated agencies, like the Singapore Police Force (SPF), to have only one common caller ID, regardless from which phone the officers are making the call. This will make it easier for the public to identify whether a call truly comes from the Police. The details will be announced in due course.
In addition, we are working with online platforms to enhance safeguards against Government impersonation. We will issue an implementation directive under the Online Criminal Harms Act (OCHA) to require Meta to put in place measures targeting scam advertisements, accounts, profiles and business pages impersonating key Government office holders on Facebook. We are also engaging online messaging platforms to implement measures to prevent the spoofing of \"gov.sg\" and public agency names.
We have observed a rise in phishing scams as scammers have shifted their modus operandi to phishing banking or credit card credentials using fake advertisements on social media platforms. To address this, SPF requires online service providers designated under OCHA, such as Facebook and TikTok, to implement upstream measures, such as user verification, and to proactively detect and disrupt suspected scam activities.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore has worked with the major retail banks to phase out the use of SMS One-Time Passwords for authentication of transactions for digital token users, and implement additional verification for provisioning of cards into mobile wallets. They are also working to roll out a Fast IDentity Online (FIDO)-compliant hardware token to better safeguard high-value Internet banking transfers. This will prevent scammers from being able to use just-phished banking credentials to steal the money in the account.
But ultimately, a vigilant public is our best defence. Members of the public should check the authenticity of websites when making payments and be discerning when receiving communications claiming to be from the Government. Government officials will never ask you to transfer money or disclose bank log-in details over a phone call, to install mobile apps from unofficial app stores or purportedly transfer your call to the Police. If in doubt, please check with the 24/7 ScamShield Helpline at 1799.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Amount Recovered from Scams in 1H2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"45 Ms Poh Li San asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in view of the $456 million lost to scams and with almost 20,000 cases reported in the first half of 2025 (a) how much have been recovered for these cases; and (b) how many cases are successful in recovering part or all of the scammed amount.
Mr K Shanmugam: In the first half of 2025, the Police successfully recovered more than $56.7 million of scam losses. This refers to funds in bank accounts and cryptocurrency wallets of scammers or mules that have been frozen by the Police.
During the same period, recovery efforts were successful in about 7,200 cases out of a total of 19,665 cases, or about 37% of cases. The proportion of funds recovered by the Police depends on the circumstances of each case. Asset recovery is challenging given the speed at which scam proceeds are laundered through a complex web of payment accounts and especially when they have been transferred overseas.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Employment Outcomes for Unemployed Individuals who Utilised SkillsFuture Credit, SkillsFuture Career Transition and SkillsFuture Level-Up Programmes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"48 Dr Charlene Chen asked the Minister for Education (a) what are the employment outcomes for unemployed individuals who have utilised SkillsFuture credit, the SkillsFuture Career Transition Programme, and the SkillsFuture Level-Up Programme; (b) which segments of jobseekers have seen lower success rates; and (c) how does the Ministry plan to narrow the gap between skills upgrading and actual job placements.
Mr Desmond Lee: The Ministry of Education will provide an oral reply to this Parliamentary Question (PQ), together with other questions which have been filed on this topic, at the next available opportunity.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Disclosing Emissions and Carbon Tax Relief of Individual Companies and Their Facilities to Subject Them to Greater Scrutiny","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"52 Mr Foo Cexiang asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry whether the Ministry will consider disclosing the carbon tax relief given to individual companies and the emissions of their facilities to subject them to greater scrutiny and strengthen their incentive to decarbonise.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: We plan to release aggregated data on carbon tax allowances in 2027. As the Ministry of Trade and Industry had previously shared, we need to find a suitable balance between providing transparency on allowances while, at the same time, respecting the legitimate commercial sensitivities of companies.
I want to reassure Members that allowances are not a free pass for emissions-intensive and trade-exposed companies to continue emitting, like business as usual. They are judiciously assigned for only a proportion of a company's Scope 1 emissions. Recipient companies must also submit credible net-zero decarbonisation plans, which the Government reviews and holds them accountable for.
We will review and adjust allowances based on how companies have delivered on their decarbonisation plans, as well as international developments and advancements in decarbonisation technologies.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Regulating Foreign-registered Vehicles Used by Work Pass Holders for Commuting and Commercial Purposes in Singapore","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"53 Mr Victor Lye asked the Acting Minister for Transport how does the Ministry intend to regulate foreign vehicles used by workers holding valid work passes for commuting to Singapore and which are also used for commercial purposes while in Singapore.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: All foreign vehicles entering Singapore, including vehicles used by work pass holders commuting to work, are required to have a valid Vehicle Entry Permit (VEP) and pay a daily VEP fee.
Foreign workers employed as deliverymen with valid work passes may use their personal foreign-registered or Singapore-registered motorcycles for their employer's trade and not for platform work. However, foreign-registered goods vehicles are not allowed to be used for delivery services within Singapore.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Encouraging More Schools to Let Students Who Are Not on School Teams Participate in Sports Tournaments","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"54 Ms Hany Soh asked the Minister for Education whether the Ministry will consider encouraging more schools to introduce games similar to the \"Glory and Grit 7s\" where players who are not on school teams for various sports are also given the opportunity to participate in tournaments.
Mr Desmond Lee: We want to give all our students the opportunity to participate meaningfully in sports in our schools. This includes students who are not on official school sports teams.
Our schools do this by providing opportunities for students to participate in school-based sporting competitions, such as inter-class games, and external sporting competitions, such as those organised by ActiveSG and the National Sports Associations. In 2023 alone, more than 27,000 students participated in external sporting competitions across a wide range of sports, from basketball leagues to swimming championships. Almost half of these students were not part of official school teams. These competitions provide additional platforms for students of different skill levels to compete and develop their sporting interests.
We welcome school-initiated programmes, like the \"Glory and Grit 7s\" tournament. Schools may also adopt other approaches that serve their context better, for example, by working with sports organisations to provide more competition opportunities for students who are passionate about sports.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Take-up Rate and Assessed Outcomes for Household Services Scheme","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"56 Mr Shawn Loh asked the Minister for Manpower (a) whether the Ministry has assessed outcomes of the Household Services Scheme, including take-up rate, affordability of pricing, ease of use and sufficiency, to meet market demand; and (b) whether the Ministry has considered allowing part-time participation of the Household Services Scheme by migrant domestic workers to increase labour supply without increasing migrant worker numbers.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Household Services Scheme (HSS) allows companies to hire migrant workers to provide part-time domestic services, such as home cleaning, grocery shopping, car-washing and pet-sitting. Since formalising HSS as a permanent scheme in 2021, the number of HSS companies increased from around 80 to 240 today. Based on surveys, the number of households served by HSS companies have also increased steadily.
The Ministry of Manpower supports companies offering HSS services through quota and source country concessions for migrant workers and the companies determine the prices of their services based on market demand and types of services provided. HSS companies benefit from additional work permit quota above the prevailing Dependency Ratio Ceiling for the services sector. As there has been a steady growth of HSS companies over the past years, there is sufficient choice for consumers and no impetus currently to consider Government interventions on the prices of such services.
We recognise the manpower benefits of foreign workers working for multiple households for greater efficiencies. Hence, we support schemes, such as HSS, as well as the Shared Stay-in Senior Care Services Sandbox, which allows workers to be deployed across households with additional foreign worker quota and source relaxations. Under such schemes, workers only have one employer, for clear accountability over the worker's welfare. This better safeguards the interests of both workers and employers. For example, if migrant domestic workers are allowed to concurrently work for HSS companies and sustain an injury, it would be hard to determine the proportion of liability to be borne between multiple employers.
Furthermore, once we allow migrant workers to work for multiple employers, it will be difficult to prevent them from moonlighting illegally, which will undermine the integrity of the work pass framework and affect business prospects of law-abiding companies as well as our local workers' employment outcomes.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Helping Artistes Build Commercially Sustainable Careers while Safeguarding Artistic Integrity","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"58 Ms Gho Sze Kee asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) how does the National Arts Council help artistes build commercially sustainable careers while safeguarding artistic integrity, including supporting them to monetise and showcase their work effectively; (b) what platforms exist locally and abroad to expand their reach; and (c) whether there are new schemes planned to boost portfolios, business opportunities and market presence.
Mr David Neo: Under Our SG Arts Plan (2023-2027), the National Arts Council (NAC) takes a multi-pronged approach to support our artists to build sustainable careers and develop artistic excellence.
At a broad-based level, NAC offers grants to artists and arts groups to create and showcase works both locally and internationally. From 2022 to 2024, for example, over 190 artists and arts groups tapped on NAC's Marketing and Audience Development Grant, with many presenting their works at overseas exhibitions, biennales and book fairs.
NAC also supports independent arts practitioners in developing their professional and business competencies through the Arts Resource Hub, which offers mentorship and peer learning. NAC has also partnered SkillsFuture Singapore to establish a Skills Framework for the Arts, which helps practitioners better plan their further development and their careers.
Besides grants and capability development, NAC also directly supports many platforms at which our artists can showcase their work and build a wider audience.
NAC's three festivals, Singapore Art Week, the Singapore International Festival of Arts (SIFA) and the Singapore Writers Festival, are key platforms for our artists. More than 360 local artists and crew were involved in SIFA 2025, reaching a total of over 77,000 audience members.
NAC has also worked with partners to create platforms to bring local art to everyday spaces across Singapore, such as ArtsEverywhere@CDC, Poems on the MRT and I Play SG Music, where local music is played in spaces, like shopping malls. These programmes have raised the profile of our artists and their works.
In tandem with these local platforms, NAC supports our practitioners to boost their market presence overseas.
For example, since 2023, NAC has commissioned a Singapore stand at the Frankfurt Book Fair, one of the world's largest annual trade fairs for the book publishing industry. In 2024, our delegation of 10 publishers and the Singapore Book Publishers Association conducted over 140 business meetings over the course of the fair.
Through these efforts, we are building an ecosystem where our artists can pursue excellence as well as sustainable careers. It is not something that the Government can achieve alone. It requires a whole-of-society effort. This is why we launched the SG Culture Pass on 1 September, to encourage Singaporeans to do their part in supporting our arts and culture sector.
I encourage Singaporeans to use their SG Culture Pass credits and attend the wide variety of programme offerings available. This will go a long way towards helping our artists build flourishing and sustainable careers.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Reasons and Trend of Vacant Commercial Units and Impact of High Rents on Business Viability and Growth","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"60 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for National Development (a) what has been the trend of vacant commercial units in Singapore over the past three years; (b) whether this is due to landlords holding out for higher rents to secure better valuations; (c) what impact do persistently high rents have on business viability and growth; and (d) whether a vacancy tax is being considered.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: My response will also cover matters raised in the question by Mr Kenneth Tiong scheduled for a subsequent Sitting.
Vacancy rates for commercial properties have remained stable over the past three years at around 7% for retail spaces and around 11% for office spaces, comparable to pre-COVID-19 levels. Landlords are unlikely to leave their properties vacant for too long, as prolonged vacancy could affect property valuation and limit capital appreciation. It is also not financially sustainable for the landlord to incur holding costs, such as property tax and mortgage repayments, as well as opportunity costs from foregone rental income. Given these considerations, we do not see a need to impose a vacancy tax on commercial properties.
We acknowledge concerns from some retail and food and beverage business owners that their business costs, including rents, have risen. At an aggregate level, rent increases of private retail spaces have trended below the inflation rate in the past three years. At a local level, there will invariably be differences in the rents, with some commercial properties commanding higher rents due to their more attractive attributes, such as shopping malls integrated with mass rapid transit stations. For more cost-conscious businesses, a variety of lower-cost options remain available.
The Urban Redevelopment Authority publishes detailed rental data every quarter, which offers the public and businesses sufficient insights to make well-informed leasing or investment decisions.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Deploying AI for Audit Checks and Monitoring of Government Agencies' Contract Management and Procurement","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"61 Mr Xie Yao Quan asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) whether the Auditor-General's Office will consider deploying artificial intelligence (AI) to strengthen and expand its checks on Ministries and Government agencies in the area of contract management and procurement; (b) whether the AI capability can be deployed across Ministries and Government agencies to strengthen their contract management and procurement; and (c) if so, what are the timelines for implementation.
Ms Indranee Rajah (for the Prime Minister): My response will also cover the question on the same topic filed by Mr Lee Hong Chuang, which is scheduled for a subsequent Sitting.
I would first like to thank the Auditor-General's Office (AGO's) for its report, which provides valuable insights into areas for improvement. The AGO adopts a risk-based approach in its audits and makes use of digital tools where applicable, including data analytics, to analyse procurement trends and detect potential irregularities. AGO has also developed a tool to identify potentially fictitious documents and employs artificial intelligence (AI) to identify higher-risk transactions and improve audit efficiency.
In addition, AGO intends to share its use of digital tools, risk indicators and techniques for detecting red flags with public agencies, and continue to trial emerging AI tools to further enhance its audit capabilities.
The Government has been actively exploring such capabilities to augment the work in finance, procurement and contract management. Government agencies have started to use them in suitable areas and will continue to explore using AI to strengthen financial governance, procurement and contract management. Tools already shared across public agencies include AI-powered anomaly detection and document analysis for fraud detection.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Implementation and Raising Awareness for New Motorised PMA Rules","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"62 Ms Poh Li San asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether the Ministry has any plan to bring forward the implementation of new rules for motorised personal mobility aids (PMA) scheduled for 2026; and (b) whether the Ministry has any communication plan to reach out to PMA users on the new rules to help ineligible users with the transition to alternative forms of mobility aid.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: In March 2024, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) accepted the Active Mobility Advisory Panel's recommendations to tighten regulations for Personal Mobility Aids (PMAs) to curb misuse by able-bodied users and improve path safety. The new regulations include reducing speed limit from 10km/h to 6km/h, aligning dimensions for PMAs used on public paths with public transport and requiring certification of medical need to use a mobility scooter.
We plan to table the necessary legislative amendments in Parliament in October 2025 and implement the new regulations in the first quarter of 2026. This timeline allows for a smooth transition for all affected stakeholders, such as the retailers, healthcare industry and device users.
MOT and the Land Transport Authority will step up publicity efforts on the upcoming changes using infographics and education materials. Enforcement officers have also been engaging PMA users and reminding ineligible users on the need to switch to alternative devices.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Volumes at Khatib MRT Station's Pedestrian Overhead Bridge and Possible Expansion to Accommodate Increased Usage","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"63 Ms Lee Hui Ying asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) how often does LTA review pedestrian and traffic volumes of the existing pedestrian overhead bridges (POB) at Khatib MRT station; and (b) what is the increase in volume that will warrant an expansion of the POB to accommodate more pedestrians in view of expected population increase due to new BTO flats in Chencharu estate.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Land Transport Authority (LTA) proactively tracks changes to pedestrian volume, including expected increase in footfall arising from new developments and implements new infrastructure when needed. Earlier in 2025, LTA reviewed the pedestrian traffic flow on the pedestrian overhead bridge (POB) at Khatib mass rapid transit (MRT) station and assessed that the width of the POB is able to cope with the current and projected pedestrian flow; including from Chencharu estate, which is on the same side of the MRT station.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Extension of Tuition Fee Loans and CPF Education Loan Scheme to Working Adults who Take Up Part-time Degrees","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"64 Mr Victor Lye asked the Minister for Education whether tuition fee loans and the CPF Education Loan Scheme can be extended to working adults who take up part-time bachelor degrees or higher studies at recognized institutions to encourage mid-career skills development.\n\n \n\n \n\n
Mr Desmond Lee: Working adults or any other students who are Singapore Citizens taking Ministry of Education-subsidised part-time undergraduate or postgraduate by research degrees in our autonomous universities can tap on Government tuition fee loans to finance their studies. They can also tap on their post-secondary education account or SkillsFuture credit. Government bursaries are also available to part-time undergraduates from lower- and middle-income families.
The Central Provident Fund (CPF) Education Loan Scheme is scoped tightly to local full-time tertiary education courses conducted locally at approved education institutions, to safeguard CPF savings for Singaporeans' retirement, healthcare and housing needs.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Quantifying Economic Impact of Banning Ferrying of Workers on Back of Lorries","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"67 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether studies have been done to examine and quantify the economic impact of banning workers being ferried on the back of lorries; and (b) if so, whether details of these studies can be shared.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: Improving the safety of all road users is a priority for Ministry of Transport and this requires the collective effort by all stakeholders. Over the years, Government agencies have rolled out several measures, together with our tripartite partners and the non-governmental organisations. These include requirements for lorries to be fitted with canopies and higher protective side railings, have lower speed limits and minimum space requirements.
We also studied the economic impact should we disallow workers from being ferried on the back of lorries but found it difficult to quantify the economic impact. The impact is not only direct, but also indirect. In some cases, we would not even be able to quantify the impact. To illustrate the challenge, in order to shift foreign workers entirely to buses, we need many more bus drivers. But we already face an acute shortage of drivers. Even for public buses, despite multiple wage increases over the years, we continue to face challenges hiring and retaining our bus drivers. Nonetheless, we have been working together with our tripartite partners, including the industry associations, for feedback and suggestions.
The crux of the matter is to improve the safety of transportation for our workers. We will continue to work closely with the industry and other Government agencies to study the issue and will update on improvements in due time.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Work-related Road Injuries and Fatalities in 1H2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"68 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) how many work-related road fatalities and injuries have been recorded in the first half of 2025; (b) how does the Ministry intend to ensure that the 2026 deadline to install mandatory lorry speed limiters is met; and (c) what are the Ministry's plans to further improve the safety of workers, particularly those transported in the back of lorries.
Mr K Shanmugam: Data on injuries from work-related traffic accidents in 2025 will only be released by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) next year. In 2024, four fatalities and 20 major injuries caused by such accidents were reported to MOM.
All lorries with a maximum laden weight of between 3,500kg and 12,000kg must be fitted with speed limiters by their respective deadlines of between 1 January 2026 and 1 July 2027, depending on their date of registration and weight category. The Traffic Police (TP) has engaged lorry owners extensively through direct communications, industry engagements and public awareness campaigns.
TP is also developing initiatives to incentivise vehicle owners to install speed limiters early. For example, drivers will be prioritised for Class 4 automatic transmission vehicle lessons if their employer has completed installing speed limiters on the company's lorry fleet. Other initiatives will be announced next month.
Lorry owners who fail to comply will be liable for a fine of up to $1,000. Their vehicles will fail their regular mandatory inspection and be prohibited from being driven on our roads.
The Government takes a multi-pronged approach to ensuring the safety of workers. First, reduce the need to transport workers, such as by facilitating the co-location of worker dormitories near to where they work, where feasible. Examples of such workplaces include shipyards and larger construction sites.
Second, we have been engaging the industry associations to encourage their members to transport their workers on buses, rather than lorries. Woh Hup, a homegrown construction firm, has been transporting most of its workers in buses. Other companies, like Straits Construction, are doing the same.
Third, we have rolled out several measures over the past years to better protect workers if employers need to use lorries to ferry them. An example would be the requirement for lorries to be fitted with speed limiters.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Allocation of Counsellors to Schools","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"70 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Minister for Education (a) what criteria warrant more than one full-time counsellor per school; (b) whether independent audits have assessed allocation adequacy; (c) if so, whether results will be published and when will allocations be revised; and (d) whether the Ministry will meet the American School Counsellor Association (ASCA) recommendation of 1:250 counsellor-to-student ratio.
Mr Desmond Lee: Ms Jessica Tan1 and Mr Kenneth Tiong asked about the Government's support for students' mental health. I will address related queries raised by Dr Wan Rizal and Ms Eileen Chong who have filed Parliamentary Questions for the Sitting on or after 24 September 2025, to provide a more holistic answer. [Please refer to \"Statistics on School Counsellors in Primary and Secondary Schools and Measures to Improve Early Mental Health Intervention for Students\", Official Report, 24 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 4, Written Answers to Questions section.]
The Ministry of Education (MOE) is committed to supporting our students' mental well-being. We integrate mental health education into our character and citizenship education curriculum from primary to pre-university levels. Students learn essential skills for mental well-being and also ways to manage their emotions and stress. They also learn where and how to seek help and become more resilient.
Every school has one or two trained school counsellors, based on needs. There are about 220 trained counsellors in our primary schools and another 220 in our secondary schools. MOE reviews our deployment of counsellors annually based on the caseload and case complexity reported by schools. Schools with greater counselling needs would be provided with additional resources, such as a second counsellor or flexi-adjunct counsellor. This needs-based staffing approach allows us to deploy resources where they are most needed, rather than applying a single staffing ratio regardless of context.
Beyond the counsellors, students can access support through the ecosystem of support in schools, comprising teachers and peer support networks. The implementation is monitored at the school level, with regular engagement and support from MOE. MOE also tracks a suite of mental health indicators across the system and monitors developments in other comparable systems for review and improvement.
The Government is committed to improving mental health access to all, including our youths. As part of the National Mental Health and Well-being Strategy, the Government has developed the Tiered Care Model to better support individuals according to their mental health needs. For those with mild to moderate needs who can be supported in the community, we are strengthening referral pathways across schools, community-based services and hospitals to make care delivery more seamless.
For students who prefer to seek help outside schools, we encourage them to turn to trusted adults at home and access community support, such as the Response, Early Intervention and Assessment in Community Mental Health (REACH) teams, national mindline 1771; or in-person services, like the Youth Community Outreach Teams (CREST-Youth) and Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health (CHAT) @ *SCAPE. In addition, the Ministry of Health is also looking into factors influencing youth help-seeking, including parental consent, to improve youths' access to mental health services.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : Question subsequently withdrawn: To ask the Minister for Education given the increasing prevalence of mental distress among students (a) whether the Ministry plans to (i) increase the ratio and training of school counsellors (ii) embed mental health literacy and resilience-building into the curriculum and (iii) strengthen referral pathways between schools, families and community mental health services to ensure timely and coordinated support; and (b) if so, how."],"footNoteQuestions":["70"],"questionNo":"70"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Prosecution and Police Investigations into Offences under Part 9 of Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"71 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs (a) whether the Government prosecutes offences under Part 9 of the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966 (such as cohabitation outside marriage, enticing unmarried woman from wali and non-payment of zakat); (b) if so, whether investigations are initiated only after a complaint by MUIS is made; and (c) what role does MUIS play during related Police investigations and charging decisions by the Attorney-General’s Chambers.
Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim: Instances of suspected offences under Part 9 of the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966 (AMLA) may be picked up through complaints by the public, or through other channels, such as regular mosque and community engagements. As some of these offences pertain to an individual's private life, Court prosecution may not always be appropriate. Depending on the facts, circumstances and severity of the case, the Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS) may undertake other measures, including public education, religious counselling through our network of Asatizah or issuing fatwas.
Where necessary, MUIS may also lodge a Police report. Police investigations and charging decisions by the Attorney-General's Chambers are carried out independently.
There has been one recent instance of a Muslim person being charged and convicted for an offence under Part 9 of AMLA. This relates to an offence of teaching false doctrine under Section 139.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Understating Gini Coefficient and Under-accounting of Income Inequality due to Exclusion of Asset and Investment Income","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"73 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether it is the Ministry's assessment that exclusion of income earned from assets and investments is likely to understate Singapore's Gini coefficient and thus significantly under-account for income inequality in Singapore, based on its estimates of non-work income earned by higher-earning residents.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: In many jurisdictions, better-off households tend also to have more non-employment income, such as from assets and investments. However, such income tends to be under-reported.
The Ministry of Finance and the Department of Statistics have been studying how to measure non-employment income better and will share the findings when ready.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Statistics on Students who are Unsuccessful in Their Applications in Joint Admission and Direct Admission Exercises","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"79 Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin asked the Minister for Education over the past five years, what is the percentage of students who are looking to progress from ITE to polytechnic through the (i) Joint Admission Exercise and (ii) Direct Admission Exercise are unsuccessful in their applications.
Mr Desmond Lee: The Institute of Technical Education (ITE) graduates can progress to a polytechnic diploma through three routes. First, applying through the Joint Polytechnic Admissions Exercise (JPAE), based on their academic results; or through the Early Admissions Exercise (EAE), based on their demonstrated aptitude and interest; or through the Direct Admissions Exercise (DAE), if they have relevant work experience. ITE graduates also have the option to progress to a diploma through ITE's Work-Study Diploma (WSDip) and Technical Diploma (TD).
The success rates for ITE graduates applying to polytechnics have remained strong. One in two ITE applicants were offered a place through JPAE and one in three ITE applicants were offered a place through EAE. Of the remaining ITE upgraders who were not admitted through JPAE or EAE, about one in 10 ITE applicants secured an offer through DAE.
In all, about 5,800 ITE graduates progressed to a polytechnic full-time diploma or ITE diploma programme this year. This makes up almost one in two of the ITE graduating cohort. The Government will continue to support the upgrading aspirations of ITE graduates.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Implementation of New Guidelines to Provide Clarity in Job Postings on Employment Platforms","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"80 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Manpower whether the Ministry will implement new guidelines (i) mandating that employers provide clarity in job postings on employment platforms including salary ranges, job descriptions and expected recruitment timelines and (ii) requiring employers to furnish unsuccessful interviewees with a reason for their rejection so that they can use it as developmental feedback to enhance their future employability.
Dr Tan See Leng: Clear job postings can be mutually beneficial for employers and job seekers by reducing search costs for both sides. As a baseline, the Tripartite Guidelines on Fair Employment Practices stipulate that selection criteria should be stated clearly in job advertisements. The Ministry of Manpower encourages employers to provide as much details as they can in job postings to facilitate the selection process.
At the same time, some employers may wish to keep job postings broader for competitive and internal confidentiality reasons. Mandating that employers must lock in and provide these details upfront can have the unintended effect of limiting the pool of applicants and turning away jobseekers whom employers would have been prepared to negotiate with and make adjustments for. This would run counter to the Government's efforts to encourage employers to move away from a \"plug and play\" approach and towards a \"plug, train and play\" approach, to consider a wider group of applicants who may have less experience and qualifications but have aptitude and willingness to learn.
The Member's suggestion to require employers to furnish unsuccessful interviewees with a reason for their rejection would be very onerous for employers, as hiring decisions are often based on a host of considerations involving multiple decision-makers, and including confidential matters, such as the relative performance of other candidates. Smaller employers may have more limited human resource capabilities and find it challenging to provide individual responses to every applicant, while larger employers typically receive substantial numbers of job applications. Mandating that all employers must provide reasons for rejection to each applicant would thus create significant operational burdens and compliance costs for both small and larger employers.
Nevertheless, we encourage employers and job applicants to provide constructive feedback to each other, where practical. The Workplace Fairness Act, when brought into force, will also safeguard merit-based hiring and provide jobseekers with recourse if they have been subjected to discrimination during the selection process.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of Indonesia's Recalibration of LNG Trade on Singapore's Energy Security","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"81 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry in view of the potential energy supply implications from Indonesia's recalibration of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade, including its shift towards imports from the US and prioritisation for domestic use (a) what is the impact on Singapore; and (b) and what steps will be taken to diversify Singapore's energy sources and enhance long-term energy security.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: Indonesia is one of the main sources of natural gas imports for Singapore. Our current contracts to import gas from Indonesia expire in end-2028.
Currently, Indonesia supplies natural gas to Singapore primarily through pipelines. But Indonesia's domestic gas demand is also growing. This may affect how much gas Indonesia is able to continue to export to other countries. Indonesia may also buy Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) from the United States, but this will not have an impact on Singapore as we are not a gas exporter.
For Singapore, it is critical to ensure the sufficiency and diversity of our natural gas supplies. To this end, we have built an LNG terminal, which started operations in 2013. The LNG terminal allows us to import LNG from various suppliers around the world. In fact, LNG now accounts for close to 60% of our total natural gas supplies. In 2024, no single country accounted for more than 30% of our gas imports. To ensure we have sufficient natural gas for future needs, we are building a second LNG terminal to increase our LNG import capacity. This terminal will be operational by the end of the decade.
At the same time, we will continue to diversify our energy mix. First, we are on track to install at least two Gigawatt-peak of solar capacity by 2030. Second, we aim to import around six Gigawatt of low-carbon electricity by 2035, or one-third of Singapore's projected energy demand then. Third, we are accelerating our efforts to study the feasibility of low-carbon alternatives, such as geothermal, low-carbon ammonia and nuclear energy.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Considerations When Adding Bus Routes and Increasing Frequency Bus Services in A Precinct","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"83 Ms Valerie Lee asked the Acting Minister for Transport what factors does the Ministry consider when deciding to (i) add bus routes and (ii) increase the frequency or capacity of bus services in particular precincts.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Land Transport Authority considers factors, like ridership demand, journey times, travel patterns, alternative travel options and resource availability in deciding whether to add bus routes or adjust existing services.
Increasingly, with new Housing and Development Board estates, we will look at whether we can put in bus services ahead of time, within our resource constraints, such as the limited pool of bus drivers.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Data on Foreign Online Influence Operations Detected","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"84 Mr Kwek Hian Chuan Henry asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) for each year from 2022 to 2025, how many foreign online influence operations were detected; (b) what platforms and techniques were involved in such operations; (c) what reach was recorded for each operation; and (d) how many of such cases were takedowns or counter-messaging executed.
Mr K Shanmugam: For operational reasons, the Government does not disclose the statistics or details for which the Member has requested.
The Member may refer, instead, to the Government's Press Releases on the issuance of account restriction directions against 95 social media accounts in July 2024, as well as the blocking of 10 inauthentic websites in October 2024, for examples of foreign online influence operations. The techniques used include the coordinated use of social media accounts to amplify narratives and the masquerading of foreign-origin websites as Singapore websites by incorporating familiar local features and visuals and carrying artificial intelligence-generated content on Singapore.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Key Lessons and Improvements following Recent LRT and MRT Disruptions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"85 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Acting Minister for Transport over the past five years (a) whether there have been instances where train operators have failed to inform commuters of MRT service delays in excess of ten minutes as required by LTA; (b) what are the penalties borne by the operators should they fail to adhere to these requirements; and (c) whether LTA has penalised any train operators for non-adherence.
86 Mr Sharael Taha asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether the Ministry will reconsider increasing the Mean Kilometres Between Failures (MKBF)) target for the MRT network to above 1 million MKBF and introduce a yearly improvement target to reflect the need for continuous improvement; and (b) how does Singapore’s MKBF target compare with rail networks in other countries.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: These questions have been addressed in Parliamentary Question Nos 19 to 24 at the 22 September 2025 Parliament Sitting. [Please refer to \"Causes for Recent MRT and LRT Breakdowns, and Measures to Improve Rail Reliability and Review Financial Penalties\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Oral Answers to Questions section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Total Quantum of Government Grants and Subsidies Provided to Operators or Preschools Under AOP and POP","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"87 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) for each financial year in the last five years, what is the total quantum of Government grants and subsidies provided directly to operators of preschools under the (i) Anchor Operator and (ii) Partner Operator schemes, separate from subsidies disbursed to parents; and (b) what does this amount to on a per-enrolled-student basis for each scheme.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: The Government has invested significantly in the early childhood sector to give every child a good start in life. The annual Government expenditure on the early childhood sector has increased from around $1.5 billion in FY2020 to over $2 billion in FY2024. The average Government expenditure per preschool-aged child has increased from $7,900 to $13,000 over the same period, with a higher amount spent per child in anchor and partner operator (AOP and POP) preschools and on children from lower-income families.
We provide funding to AOPs and POPs to ensure that they invest in quality improvements and keep within monthly fee caps. These fee caps were lowered to $640 and $680, respectively, for full-day childcare this year. We will further reduce these fee caps to $610 and $650 respectively in 2026, and families will pay even less after basic and means-tested subsidies.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Statistics on Teachers Who Joined Flexi-adjunct Teaching Scheme and Median Duration of Teachers on Scheme","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"90 Mr Pritam Singh asked the Minister for Education from 2022 to 2024 (a) how many teachers have joined the flexi-adjunct teaching scheme from the General Education Service annually; and (b) what is the median duration of that time teachers remain on the flexi-adjunct scheme for each of these years.
Mr Desmond Lee: From 2022 to 2024, around 220 teachers on average were engaged as flexi-adjunct teachers within 12 months of leaving the Education Service. As the Flexi-Adjunct Teaching Scheme is a casual employment scheme, it is not meaningful to track the duration that teachers remain on the scheme.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of Rise of AI on Gender Employment Gap","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"91 Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan asked the Minister for Manpower what measures are being taken to address the impact of the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) on the gender employment gap given that women's jobs are at disproportionately higher risk of being replaced by AI as compared to their male counterparts.
Dr Tan See Leng: Mr Patrick Tay and Mr Andre Low have filed three Parliamentary Questions relating to the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the workforce. This reply will address these related questions together.
As a small and labour-constrained economy, AI presents opportunities for us to overcome our limitations to grow our economy and improve livelihoods. While we cannot fully predict the scope and scale of AI's impact on the workforce, the Government is taking active steps to shape it positively, to create better jobs and a more productive labour force. The National AI Strategy 2.0 has hence set out Singapore's ambition and commitment to harness the potential of AI by expanding the pool of AI creators and practitioners and uplifting the AI capabilities of the workforce.
To ensure that AI adoption leads to good jobs for Singaporeans, we need businesses to couple AI adoption with investments in their workforce. Today, companies can tap on initiatives, such as the Productivity Solutions Grant, SMEs Go Digital and the newly introduced Enterprise Compute Initiative to adopt AI transformation, ranging from off-the-shelf to tailored solutions. In tandem with support for AI adoption, the Government also set aside over $400 million for the Enterprise Workforce Transformation Package to provide greater support for companies to embark on workforce transformation, including job redesign efforts. In addition, we have set aside around $200 million for the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) Company Training Committee Grant to help companies enhance business capabilities in tandem with worker outcomes.
At the same time, we need workers to be proactive and adaptable in upgrading themselves to take on new or redesigned tasks arising from AI adoption. The Government will support Singaporeans to acquire relevant skills through schemes, such as the Career Conversion Programmes and the TechSkills Accelerator, which support workers to transit into roles, such as software and cloud professionals and AI engineers.
To prepare young graduates for career success in an AI era, the Government has put in place a mix of upskilling programmes, work-based learning and career guidance initiatives. Under the National AI Strategy 2.0, for example, we are scaling up programmes, like the AI Apprenticeship Programme, to boost our pipeline of young AI practitioners. Beyond the inclusion of AI-related modules within the curriculum at our Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) to build up students' digital literacies, we have also been evolving our education system to place a greater focus on soft skills that continue to be important for career success in an AI era. In addition, we have stepped-up support for career planning through IHLs and Workforce Singapore's career guidance efforts, to journey with them in working towards their career goals. In the near term, we have introduced the GRaduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) Programme to provide opportunities for young graduates to gain work experience that companies may put a greater premium on. These efforts are part of a holistic suite of support for young graduates so that they can start their careers on a good footing.
As for AI's impact on the gender employment gap, we have yet to see evidence supporting the hypothesis that AI will disproportionately affect female employment in Singapore. Female employment outcomes have continued to improve over the past decade amid the progress of AI and other digital technologies. Since 2014, the gap in employment rate between male and female aged 25 to 64 has narrowed from 18.8 percentage points to 10.5 percentage points in 2024. The unadjusted gender pay gap1 has also narrowed from 16.3% in 2018 to 14.3% in 2023. When we compare men and women with similar characteristics in age, education, occupation, industry, and usual hours worked, the adjusted gender pay gap in 2023 is lower at 6.0%.
These outcomes have been supported by a wide suite of jobs and skills initiatives that the Government has offered to boost women's employment outcomes. In particular, Workforce Singapore's HerCareer initiative is a focused effort to support women with employment facilitation programmes and services so that they can better access good jobs and build up relevant skillsets. In addition, flexible work arrangements are a key enabler to support women to work. In this regard, the Government and tripartite partners have launched the Tripartite Guidelines on Flexible Work Arrangement Requests, which took effect on 1 December last year.
The Government will continue to study the impact of AI on our workforce and consider ways to help businesses and workers seize new opportunities arising from AI while ensuring inclusive growth.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : Among full-time resident employees aged 25 to 54."],"footNoteQuestions":["91"],"questionNo":"91"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Mitigating Adverse Impact to Flora and Fauna in Woodlands Forest in Light of Clearance Commencement in 2026","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"92 Ms Hany Soh asked the Minister for National Development with regard to the planned Woodlands forest clearance to commence in 2026, how will the Ministry mitigate and minimise adverse impacts to the flora and fauna there, especially to the critically and endangered species.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: My response will also cover related issues raised by Ms Poh Li San, scheduled for a subsequent Sitting.
Given Singapore's tight land constraints, some vegetated sites will have to be developed to meet our land use needs that help create jobs and build new homes for Singaporeans. Such developments will be carried out sensitively, with measures in place to mitigate potential environmental impact.
The JTC Corporation (JTC) hence commissioned an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to assess and recommend measures to mitigate potential environmental impact arising from the Woodlands Gateway development. The EIA report was reviewed in consultation with nature groups and published online in August 2025 for public feedback.
The EIA report recommended measures to mitigate the impact of the development on flora and fauna. These include transplanting plant species of conservation significance and implementing a Wildlife Management Plan. JTC will also integrate greenery into the development, where feasible.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Waiving Non-selection Counts when Final BTO Unit Price Exceeds Indicative Price Range","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"93 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for National Development whether HDB will consider waiving non-selection counts when the final price of a BTO unit exceeds the indicative price range given for a project.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Housing and Development Board (HDB) flat applicants who are invited to book a flat, but choose not to do so, will incur a non-selection count (NSC). First-timer families with an NSC will be considered second-timers for a year when balloting for a Build-To-Order (BTO) flat, while second-timer families, first-timer singles and seniors who incur an NSC will have to wait one year before they can apply for a flat again. This ensures more efficient flat allocation, so that those with urgent housing needs can secure their flats more quickly.
HDB provides indicative flat price ranges at every BTO sales exercise to allow prospective applicants to make informed decisions on their flat applications. To date, the prices of all BTO flats have been within the indicative flat price ranges provided.
HDB does exercise flexibility in waiving NSC in some cases. For instance, HDB recognises that applicants invited to book at the tail end of the flat booking exercise may face limited choices and will waive NSC for applicants who have 10 or fewer flats to choose from in a BTO sales exercise; and five or fewer flats to choose from in an SBF sales exercise. HDB will also assess appeals for waiver of NSC on a case-by-case basis, particularly where applicants face extenuating circumstances that affect their ability to proceed with the flat purchase.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Public Education Campaign to Address Fire Incidents in HDB Flats","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"94 Ms Joan Pereira asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether there is a rise in the number of fire incidents in HDB flats; and (b) if so, whether the Singapore Civil Defence Force will consider embarking on a comprehensive nation-wide educational and emergency preparedness campaign, including evacuation drills, to ensure that all residents are equipped with knowledge on what to do during a fire or emergencies.\n
Mr K Shanmugam: The number of fires in the Housing and Development Board estates has generally been on a decline in the last five years, from 939 in 2020 to 803 in 2024.
The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) conducts regular outreach to equip residents with the capabilities to deal with fires. Through the SCDF's Responders Plus Programme, residents are offered free hands-on training on the use of fire extinguishers, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators. These emergency preparedness skills are also publicised as part of the SGSecure national movement. In addition, SCDF and the People Association Community Emergency and Engagement Committees continue to regularly conduct block evacuation exercises.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Update on Plans and Justification to Terminate Allied Educators Programme","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"95 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for Education (a) whether there are plans to terminate the Allied Educators programme; and (b) if so, what is the justification.
Mr Desmond Lee: Allied Educators are integral to our teaching force, comprising Special Education Needs Officers, School Counsellors, Student Welfare Officers, Outdoor Allied Educators and Allied Educators in Teaching and Learning.
The Ministry of Education (MOE) has been reshaping our workforce for priority areas, like special educational needs, socio-emotional support, student support and outdoor adventure learning. MOE has, therefore, grown specific groups of Allied Educators, such as Special Education Needs Officers and School Counsellors, while scaling back on others, such as Allied Educators in Teaching and Learning.
For Allied Educators in Teaching and Learning, we have been helping them to transition into roles in areas of greater need over the past nine years, through work attachments and training. Most of them have moved into meaningful alternative careers within MOE and the Public Service.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Providing English-language Programmes Equivalent to Autonomous Universities' Mandarin Postgraduate Programmes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"96 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for Education whether, alongside the launch of postgraduate programmes in Mandarin at autonomous universities, the Ministry will ensure that equivalent English-language programmes are provided.
Mr Desmond Lee: English is the primary medium of instruction across the autonomous universities (AUs). The proportion of Mandarin-medium programmes is small, comprising less than 5% of all Postgraduate by Coursework programmes offered at AUs, and with a small student intake relative to that of all Master's programmes. Most of these Mandarin-medium programmes have English-taught equivalents or are taught bilingually.
The AUs have autonomy to offer postgraduate programmes. Mandarin-medium programmes were developed in response to strong demand by both local and international students keen to seek opportunities in Mandarin-speaking markets. These programmes are open to all students.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Potential COE Premium Spike in Late 2025 Due To Higher Vehicle Demand Before Revision of Electric Vehicle Rebates","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"97 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what measures are being considered to mitigate a potential spike in COE premiums in late 2025 due to anticipated vehicle demand ahead of the revised electric vehicle rebate schedule; and (b) how will such measures ensure market stability and affordable vehicle ownership.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: We have been taking steps to stabilise the Certificate of Entitlement (COE) supply, such as by bringing forward COE quota from future guaranteed de-registrations and injecting an additional up to about 20,000 COE quota since February 2025.
Nevertheless, COE prices are ultimately a function of supply and demand.
As COE supply continues to increase till the peak supply in 2026, there will be more quota available in the coming quarters. We strongly encourage potential car buyers to be prudent in entering the market now.
The Member may wish to refer to my response to the Adjournment Motion on 22 September 2025 for more context. [Please refer to \"Toward Certificate of Entitlement (COE) 2.0\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Matter raised on Adjournment Motion section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of Revisions to Vehicular Emissions Scheme Rebates and EV Early Adoption Incentive on COE Prices","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"98 Ms Poh Li San asked the Acting Minister for Transport what are the Ministry's considerations in (i) lowering rebates for Band A1 vehicles under the Vehicular Emissions Scheme (VES), (ii) excluding VES rebates for hybrid vehicles and (iii) ceasing the EV Early Adoption Incentive (EEAI) after 2026, in light of the pace of new electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid car ownership and the impact of already high COE prices.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Vehicular Emissions Scheme and Electric Vehicle Early Adoption Incentive were introduced to encourage adoption of cleaner-energy cars by narrowing the upfront cost gap between cleaner-energy and Internal Combustion Engine cars.
When reviewing these schemes, the Land Transport Authority and National Environment Agency considered factors, such as EV and hybrid car adoption rates, as well as the upfront and total cost of ownership across powertrains.
The Member may wish to refer to my response to the Adjournment Motion on 22 September 2025 for more context. [Please refer to \"Toward Certificate of Entitlement (COE) 2.0\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Matter raised on Adjournment Motion section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Review of Animals and Birds Act, and Factors Determining Form of Punishment for Alleged Animal Cruelty or Neglect","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"99 Ms Lee Hui Ying asked the Minister for National Development what are the guidelines and factors that the Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS) and NParks take into account in deciding whether a report of alleged animal cruelty or neglect should be addressed by (i) a warning letter (ii) a composition fine or (iii) prosecution.
100 Ms Lee Hui Ying asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether an update can be provided on the timeline for completing the review of the Animals and Birds Act; and (b) what specific engagements will the Ministry conduct based on the recommendations outlined in the White Paper released by SPCA and ACRES on 26 August 2025.\n\n
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Animals and Birds Act 1965 (ABA) safeguards against animal cruelty and abuse. Under the current ABA, the maximum penalty for a cruelty offence is higher than that for a welfare offence. Repeat offenders are also liable for enhanced punishment. Where acts of cruelty are particularly aggravated, the prosecution will highlight this to the Courts to take into account for sentencing.
The National Parks Board (NParks) has started a comprehensive review to ensure ABA remains effective in deterring acts of animal cruelty and abuse. This includes reviewing the penalty framework, such as imprisonment terms, fines and disqualification orders for animal welfare offences, and enforcement powers for better animal welfare and management.
The review currently does not include proposals to prevent the posting of animal abuse content online or increase collaboration on enforcement with animal welfare groups. To reduce disamenities caused by irresponsible pet ownership, NParks has launched initiatives, such as cat licensing under the Cat Management Framework and the Pet Ownership Course.
We will continue to take a collaborative approach in this review. For instance, Minister of State Alvin Tan had engaged Animal Concerns Research and Education Society and Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in July on their White Paper on Strengthening Protections for Animal Welfare. We agreed that while some recommendations will be challenging to implement due to the trade-offs, we could adopt some recommendations as part of the ABA review and further evaluate others with partners. NParks will continue to engage stakeholders, such as animal welfare groups, pet business owners and vets, to ensure that all views are considered. NParks aims to start public consultation on the draft Bill by around end-2026.
NParks will continue to investigate feedback on animal welfare and cruelty thoroughly. For instance, in the recent cases involving community cats in Yishun and Punggol, NParks interviewed key witnesses, reviewed closed-circuit television footage and carried out post-mortem examination for the Yishun community cat, and found that the cases were likely the result of vehicular accidents.
NParks will take firm enforcement action, considering factors, such as severity of the offence, and whether it is a repeat offender. In line with its enforcement efforts, NParks also works with animal welfare group partners to increase education and outreach efforts to raise awareness of responsible pet ownership and the consequences of animal cruelty.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Update on Pigeon Management Plan Expansion to Address Roosting and Hygiene Issues","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"101 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Minister for National Development whether there are plans to expand the pigeon management plan to more constituencies and HDB blocks to address roosting and hygiene issues in residential areas.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The response for this question has been addressed by oral reply to Question No 103 on the Order Paper for 22 September 2025. [Please refer to \"Addressing Issue of Pigeon Roosting and Defecation at Air-conditioner Ledges of HDB Flats\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Requirement for Town Councils to Bear Costs of Sheltered Linkways and Footpaths for LTA Projects on HDB Land","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"102 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) why are Town Councils required to bear the costs of connecting sheltered linkways and footpaths for projects implemented by LTA on HDB land, such as the construction of elevators at pedestrian overhead bridges; and (b) whether the Ministry will review this cost allocation to ensure Town Councils are not unduly burdened financially.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Land Transport Authority (LTA) works with the Housing and Development Board (HDB) to build covered linkways that connect transport infrastructure, like bus stops, bus interchanges and mass rapid transit (MRT) stations, to nearby HDB developments, and sheltered pedestrian overhead bridges (POBs). LTA also builds the lifts for these overhead bridges. All these are fully funded by the Government, to encourage the use of public transport.
However, in cases where residents request additional covered linkways to provide alternative routes when there are already existing covered linkways connecting the same transport infrastructure, POBs and HDB developments, LTA will provide the linkway if the Town Council agrees to co-fund the construction. This strikes a balance between providing convenience to residents and commuters and the need to maintain fiscal prudence.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Consolidating and Coordinating Suicide Data to Formulate Targeted Support","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"103 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what steps are taken by the National Mental Health Office to better consolidate and coordinate data relating to suicide statistics in order to formulate more targeted protective support for those at risk; (b) whether a national suicide prevention strategy will be developed to ensure our suicide prevention efforts support all segments; and (c) if so, when.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: We adopt a whole-of-society strategy to address the issue of suicides. We have run public education campaigns to address stigma and normalise help-seeking; trained peer supporters and frontline personnel to identify and support those in crises; and built up resilience among our youths through school-based programmes. More recently, we implemented the national mindline 1771 to provide 24/7 access for those in distress.
The National Mental Health and Well-being Strategy, launched by the Interagency Taskforce on Mental Health and Well-being in October 2023, supports all segments of our population via a Tiered Care Model based on severity of mental health needs and the corresponding intensity of interventions required. We will continue to review the effectiveness of our measures.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Proposed Task Force on Electrical Consumer Goods Fire Safety","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"104 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in light of recurring HDB fires and public concern, whether the Government will establish a dedicated Task Force on Electrical Consumer Goods Fire Safety across agencies and stakeholders.
Mr K Shanmugam: The number of fires in the Housing and Development Board (HDB) estates has generally been on a decline in the last five years, from 939 in 2020 to 803 in 2024. The Singapore Civil Defence Force already collaborates closely and systematically with many agencies, such as Land Transport Authority, HDB, People's Association, and stakeholders, such as the Town Councils. We will continue to leverage these strong partnerships to further minimise fire risk in our homes.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Percentage of Pre-2018 HDB Units Lacking Home Fire Alarm Devices and Cost Benefit Analysis Mandating Compulsory Installation of Such Devices","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"105 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) what percentage of pre-2018 HDB units lack Home Fire Alarm Devices (HFADs); (b) what cost-benefit analysis supports not mandating HFADs for older units when it is compulsory for new HDB homes; (c) whether HFADs will be mandated for all units/corridors of older HDB blocks; and (d) whether linkage to centralised building systems will be considered for efficient evacuations.
Mr K Shanmugam: As of June 2025, Home Fire Alarm Devices (HFADs) have been installed in about 191,000 Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, or 17%, of all HDB flats. Of these, 74,000 flats, or 39%, were built prior to 2018.
In 2018, we made it mandatory for all new residential premises to have HFADs. For existing residential premises, we took a risk-calibrated approach and only mandated it for homes which are carrying out fire safety related addition and alteration works. This was to strike a balance in wanting to ensure its adoption, but in a practical manner. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage all homeowners to install HFADs and have put in place several schemes to support them in doing so.
More than 80% of HDB public rental flats already have HFADs installed and HDB will progressively install HFADs in the remaining 20%. The installation of HFADs is done at no charge to the tenants.
In 2024, Ministry of National Development expanded the Enhancement for Active Seniors programme to include the installation of HFADs. Seniors can enjoy a subsidy of up to 95% to install HFADs in their homes. HFADs are also installed as part of fire safety works, under the Home Improvement Programme in cases where fire-rated doors are installed.
We will continue to review the fire safety of our HDB flats. However, we do not see a need for HFADs at HDB corridors or for centralised building fire management systems, at this juncture.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Stronger Penalties for Importers and Distributors of Vapes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"107 Mr Sharael Taha asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health whether the Ministry will consider stronger deterrence by subjecting importers and distributors of vapes to the same penalties as those importing and distributing etomidate-laced vapes, in view of the finding that one in three confiscated vape devices tested positive for etomidate and given the potential ease of using vape devices to deliver other unknown drugs or substances in the future.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: This question has been answered at the Sitting on 22 September 2025.
The Ministry of Health is reviewing the longer-term legislation needed to adapt to the new landscape of e-vaporisers. This will include reviewing the appropriate penalties for suppliers of e-vaporisers of all kinds. We plan to enact this new legislation in the first quarter of 2026.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Enhancing Vape Detection in Schools and Counselling for Students Caught Vaping","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"108 Miss Rachel Ong asked the Minister for Education (a) whether the Ministry has plans to require all schools including Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) to install vape detectors on campus; and (b) whether students caught vaping in IHLs have access to counselling support.
109 Mr Sharael Taha asked the Minister for Education (a) how can detection of vape devices in schools be improved more effectively; (b) how will nicotine test kits be implemented in schools; (c) how can a \"peer vigilance culture\" be designed as being supportive rather than seen negatively by students; and (d) how can students who have been identified as vape users be better supported.
Mr Desmond Lee: My response will address questions raised by Ms Rachel Ong and Mr Sharael Taha on the management of vaping in schools and Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs). I will also respond to questions from Ms Lee Hui Ying and Ms Valerie Lee who have filed oral Parliamentary Questions for subsequent Sittings.
Our schools and IHLs use a variety of strategies to detect vaping on campus, rather than relying solely on technological solutions, like vape detectors. They have implemented detection protocols, including guidelines to recognise potential signs of etomidate abuse, and coordination with Health Sciences Authority (HSA) for swift testing of vapes suspected of containing etomidate. In addition, when schools suspect students of vaping, they will interview the students and may use nicotine test kits after notifying parents. As part of educative efforts, schools and IHLs also focus on building positive peer support networks through student-led initiatives. These foster healthy lifestyles and encourage peers to seek help from trusted adults and healthcare professionals when needed.
From 1 September 2025, the Ministry of Education (MOE) has implemented baseline disciplinary measures in schools, including detention, suspension and caning for boys, alongside conduct grade adjustments. IHLs have also implemented stricter disciplinary measures, such as eviction from hostels; withdrawal of privileges, such as leadership opportunities and overseas exchanges; community service orders and fines. Recalcitrant offenders will be suspended or expelled. Schools and IHLs take disciplinary action proportionate to the severity of the offence. Beyond disciplinary measures, schools and IHLs focus on guiding students to understand why their behaviour is wrong and help them take ownership of the problem. Rehabilitation is not a linear process and we seek to support students in their journey to quit vaping.
Students who voluntarily seek help to quit vaping will not face disciplinary measures by schools or IHLs. To help students quit vaping, schools and IHLs offer counselling through in-house counsellors and referrals to external services, including the Health Promotion Board's (HPB's) QuitLine, National Addictions Management Services, WE CARE Community Services and Singapore Anti-Narcotics Association. For students arrested for vaping offences, schools and IHLs work with their families as well as with community partners and other Government agencies to support their rehabilitation and prevent recidivism.
MOE and HPB work together to support schools and IHLs with additional resources to support staff in understanding vaping and what they can do to prevent students from vaping. For example, HPB has developed an online training module for staff to learn about smoking and vaping cessation.
Besides detecting and managing vaping offences, MOE's holistic approach, includes prevention, detection and support across multiple touchpoints. Anti-vaping education is embedded in school curricula, including science, physical education and character and citizenship education, with regular assembly talks and targeted educational packages. Schools engage parents through joint HPB-HSA advisories via Parents Gateway every semester and IHLs have mandatory orientation modules and targeted outreach programmes, such as to residents in university hostels.
Our framework balances firm consequences on the one hand, with sustained support, family engagement and coordinated follow-up on the other hand, to achieve both school safety and student recovery goals. We want to provide students who make mistakes a clear pathway to rehabilitation and restoration.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Better Understanding of Provisional and Actual Suicide Statistics for More Responsive Policies and Community Interventions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"110 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in respect of the significant difference between the provisional and actual data for suicide statistics for 2023 (a) whether the Ministry can provide an update on the strategies for more accurate and timely data; and (b) whether explanations can be provided for this disparity to better understand and aid more responsive policies and community interventions for suicide prevention.
Mr K Shanmugam: The provisional number of deaths from suicide reported in the annual Report on Registration of Births and Deaths are based on those confirmed to be suicides as at the time of publication of the report.
At the time of publication, there could, in addition, be a number of unnatural death cases which are still pending an outcome from the Coroner's Inquiry. These cases are captured in the same report under \"Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified\".
Some of these cases may subsequently be classified as suicides after the completion of the Coroner's Inquiry and the number of suicides for that year will then be updated accordingly in the following year's Report on Registration of Births and Deaths. Hence, the finalised number of deaths from suicide for a particular year will generally be higher than the provisional number.
The Immigration & Checkpoints Authority will provide an explanatory note in future Reports on Registration of Births and Deaths.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Common Safety Lapses Identified Through Companies that Participated in June 2025's Voluntary Safety Timeout","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"112 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Minister for Manpower in light of the five recorded workplace fatalities in May 2025 (a) whether the Government has information on the number of companies that participated in the June 2025 voluntary safety timeout; (b) if so, what is the number; (c) how many Ministry inspections and enforcement actions were conducted during this period; and (d) what were the common safety lapses identified.
Dr Tan See Leng: Following the five workplace fatalities in May 2025, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) called on companies across all industries to conduct voluntary Safety Time-Outs between 12 and 26 June 2025, with an emphasis on work activities involving vehicular safety and work at height. MOM did not track participation in the exercise.
MOM also ramped up our workplace safety and health inspections with more than 500 inspections conducted between April and June 2025 in high-risk sectors, such as construction, manufacturing and marine. Three stop-work orders and 110 fines were issued to companies and individuals for safety breaches. Common breaches found included the lack of control measures for working-at-height hazards, such as unguarded open sides and inadequate guardrails, and for vehicular hazards, such as not having traffic management plans.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Considerations of Mixed-use Developments Managed Under Single MCST","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"113 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether there are other mixed-use developments in Singapore managed under a single MCST like Compass One and Compass Heights; and (b) if not, what were the considerations in allowing Compass One and Compass Heights to be managed under one MCST.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The majority of strata mixed-use developments in Singapore, including Compass One and Compass Heights, operate under a single-tier Management Corporation Strata Title structure.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Data on Eligible Children with No or Inactive CDA Accounts and Barriers to Open and Utilise Such Accounts","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"114 Ms Mariam Jaafar asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) what is the current number of eligible children who have no or inactive Child Development Account (CDA) accounts; and (b) what are the barriers preventing families from opening and utilising CDA accounts.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: Parents can open a Child Development Account (CDA) for an eligible Singapore Citizen child anytime from the child's birth until the end of the year that he or she turns 12.
Based on the 2013 to 2024 birth cohorts, around 420,000 children are eligible for a CDA. Less than 1% of them have not opened their CDAs. One reason why some parents may not have opened CDA for their child is because they are residing overseas and are unable to use CDA funds outside of Singapore.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Extending Climate Vouchers to Tenants Under Single Room Shared Facilities to Encourage Take-up of Climate-friendly Appliances","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"115 Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether the Climate Vouchers can be extended to tenants residing under Single Room Shared Facilities to encourage take-up of climate-friendly appliances; and (b) if not, what are the considerations.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: Under the enhanced Climate Friendly Households Programme (CFHP), Singapore Citizen and Permanent Resident Housing and Development Board (HDB) households, as well as Singapore Citizen households living in private residential properties can claim $400 in Climate vouchers to lower the upfront cost of resource-efficient appliances and fittings. The vouchers can be used by the residents to purchase 10 eligible types of products, including common resource-intensive household products with high water and electricity usage rates, such as refrigerators and washing machines.
The units in HDB's Single Room Shared Facilities are furnished with energy and water-efficient appliances, including refrigerators and lights fixtures. They also have shared facilities, including toilets, kitchens, laundry and activity rooms, for tenants. Tenants thus need not purchase their own appliances and water fixtures. The National Environment Agency will continue to periodically review the enhanced CFHP, including its coverage.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Measures to Assist Palestine Authority Towards Statehood and Implementation of Two-State Solution","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"116 Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim asked the Minister for Foreign Affairs (a) what measures can Singapore deploy to assist the Palestine Authority towards statehood and accelerate implementation of the Two-State Solution; and (b) under what circumstances will Singapore consider stronger actions, such as sanctions or embargo on Israel or recognising Palestine as a state, given the excessive military action in Gaza, blockade to assistance and potential violations of international humanitarian laws.
Dr Vivian Balakrishnan: This question for oral answer was addressed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in their Ministerial Statements on the Situation in the Middle East at the Parliamentary Sitting on 22 September 2025. [Please refer to \"Situation in the Middle East\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Ministerial Statements section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Singapore's Position on Recognising Palestinian State in Light of UN Member States Declaring Intentions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"117 Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin asked the Minister for Foreign Affairs (a) in view of the number of UN member states recognising the Palestinian state, including declared intentions by Australia and key G7 members to do so at the next UN General Assembly, whether Singapore will reconsider its current position; and (b) what factors does the Government consider when assessing sovereign statehood recognition in accordance with international law.
Dr Vivian Balakrishnan: This question for oral answer was addressed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in their Ministerial Statements on the Situation in the Middle East at the Parliamentary Sitting on 22 September 2025. [Please refer to \"Situation in the Middle East\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Ministerial Statements section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Regulations on 3D Printing Industry to Prevent Production of Illegal Items","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"118 Miss Rachel Ong asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry whether there are plans to (i) introduce further regulations on the 3D printing industry and sales of 3D printers to the public to ensure they are not used to produce illegal items or parts; and (b) what responsibilities are placed on retailers and online platforms to prevent misuse of printers and design files.
119 Miss Rachel Ong asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) how many cases have occurred in Singapore where digital blueprints or design files are submitted to 3D printers to produce illegal items, including vapes or weapons; and (b) what safeguards exist for individuals and businesses to prevent misuse of 3D printing technology.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: The Government adopts a risk-based approach to regulating industry and enterprises. We take a serious view towards businesses which participate in activities that may pose harm and safety risks to the public. On the other hand, we seek to foster a pro-enterprise regulatory environment for honest businesses to innovate and grow.
Specifically on illegal items, the Government has put in place strict regulations and strong penalties on the import, manufacture or supply of dangerous or socially harmful goods, including guns and illegal drugs. These regulations and penalties apply regardless of the mode of manufacture and whether the goods are made by businesses or individuals.
For instance, the Guns, Explosives and Weapons Control Act 2021 (GEWCA) which came into force earlier this year provides for stringent controls over the manufacture of guns and weapons, including through 3D printing. GEWCA also stipulates an offence for the unauthorised possession of digital blueprints of guns or major parts of guns for 3D printing.
We do not have plans to impose further regulations on 3D printing. We will stay nimble and respond quickly if new risks emerge. Businesses and consumers should exercise good judgement, stay vigilant and alert the authorities when they encounter potentially dangerous or harmful conduct.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Certification Requirement for Power Banks Sold in Singapore","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"121 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry whether the Ministry will consider imposing a registration, approval or certification requirement for power banks sold in Singapore, to ensure that such power banks comply with standards and requirements set out in the Consumer Protection (Consumer Goods Safety Requirements) Information Booklet published by the Consumer Product Safety Office.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: All power banks sold in Singapore must comply with international safety standards specified in the Information Booklet under the Consumer Protection (Consumer Goods Safety Requirements) Regulations.
To safeguard consumer interests, the Consumer Product Safety Office (CPSO) under the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore conducts regular market surveillance and takes strict enforcement measures, when necessary, to ensure that products sold comply with the requirements. Failure to comply with the CPSO's directions may result in fines or imprisonment. Consumers can find the latest information on product safety matters on the CPSO's website.
The Government will continue to monitor the situation closely and assess the need for additional pre-market requirements on the sale of power banks in Singapore.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Adequacy of AML Controls for Financial Institutions Penalised for Breaching AML Requirements in 2016/2017 and 2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"122 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance in relation to the same financial institutions which are penalised for breaching anti-money laundering (AML) requirements in 2016/2017 and 2025 (a) how do the breaches differ for each incident; (b) whether the Government considers these institutions to have sufficiently strengthened their AML controls after 2016/2017; and (c) if so, why are these institutions penalised again in 2025.
Mr Alvin Tan (for the Prime Minister): As announced on 4 July 2025, nine financial institutions (FIs) which have breached their anti-money laundering obligations were subject to Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) regulatory action.
In respect of FIs that were penalised in both 2016/2017 and 2025, their earlier breaches were largely due to their failures in transaction monitoring, arising out of deficiencies in their relevant systems and controls. Following the issuance of financial penalties in 2016/2017, they have remediated these deficiencies. In 2025, MAS found breaches by these FIs in other areas, such as customer risk assessment, establishment and corroboration of customers' source of wealth and post-suspicious transaction report follow-up. While MAS also found some breaches relating to transaction monitoring, they were due to inconsistent implementation by the FI's employees. MAS noted that that the FI's transaction monitoring systems and controls were generally in place.
The FIs involved have accepted that they had fallen short and have implemented remediation measures, including stronger oversight of staff tasked with implementing controls and checks.
Criminals continuously shift their tactics to evade controls and FIs must adapt their control measures in tandem.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Banning Electronic Products on Flights","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WANA","content":"123 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what criteria the does Ministry use in deciding whether to ban certain types of electronic products on flights; and (b) to what extent and how does the Ministry work with aviation authorities in other jurisdictions to determine the scope of any ban.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) sets guidelines on the carriage and use of various electronic devices on flights, such as laptops, mobile phones and power banks. These guidelines address safety risks, such as electromagnetic interference posed by devices with transmitting capabilities and fire hazards involving lithium batteries. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore's (CAAS') safety regulations are aligned with ICAO's guidelines. These include restrictions on the allowable capacity of lithium batteries onboard aircraft, how they must be carried and the limitations of their use during flight.
Singapore carriers are required to adhere to CAAS's regulations but may also implement stricter policies at their discretion.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Impact of Tokenize Xchange Operations Cessation and Recourse for Customers","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"1 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) what is the number of customers in Singapore who have been impacted by the ceasing of operations of Tokenize Xchange; (b) what is the amount of funds that have been impacted; and (c) what is the recourse for customers in Singapore.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister): Amazingtech Pte Ltd (ATPL), the operator of Tokenize Xchange, was not licensed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) but was operating under a temporary exemption as part of the transitional arrangements when the Payment Services Act 2019 came into force. ATPL's status as a non-licensed entity was disclosed on MAS' website and ATPL's customer agreement. This exemption would end when its application was withdrawn, approved or rejected. Following MAS' rejection of its licence application, ATPL was required to wind down its payment services business in an orderly manner.
Subsequent developments showed that ATPL was unable to meet its obligations to customers. On 15 August 2025, ATPL was placed under interim judicial management by way of a High Court order following a petition by several creditors. As ATPL is not regulated by MAS, we do not have the information requested by Mr Chua. We note that the appointed interim judicial managers (IJMs) submitted a report to the High Court on 9 September 2025, which estimated the total amount owing to customers in monies and digital assets at $266.3 million as of 15 August 2025. As of 9 September 2025, 2,241 customers had lodged their details with the IJMs. Customers of ATPL should register their information with the IJMs if they have not already done so.
MAS has taken a consistent position advising members of the public that crypto is not suitable for retail investors and to deal only with licensed entities.
This year, MAS through MoneySense has also made further efforts to raise awareness among the public about potential fraudulent schemes under the guise of crypto. In MoneySense materials, members of the public have been warned about risks, such as rug-pulling and pump-and-dump schemes. Members of the public should exercise extreme caution and stay away from putting their monies with parties they do not know and in schemes that are high risk, unsuitable and which they do not fully understand.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Strengthening Financial Governance, Procurement Practices and IT Controls across Government and Addressing Recurring Lapses","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"2 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) what systemic measures is the Government taking to strengthen financial governance, procurement practices, and IT controls across Ministries and statutory boards in response to the Auditor-General's Report FY2024/2025; and (b) how will the public be assured that recurring lapses flagged in past audit cycles are being addressed.
Mr Lawrence Wong: The Government takes the Auditor-General's findings seriously and has implemented measures to strengthen financial governance, procurement practices and information technology (IT) controls. These measures include:
a. Improving the knowledge and capabilities of public sector officers to better handle financial, procurement and IT control tasks in accordance with established policies and procedures. In response to the Auditor-General Office's (AGO's) findings, we are updating training programmes and other learning resources to better equip officers to identify key risk areas when evaluating or managing contracts. We are also stepping up the training of information and communication officers, including on threat modelling and privileged account management, so that they are better equipped to perform their roles.
b. Enhancing IT controls and monitoring. Agencies are expected to regularly assess risks to their systems and implement appropriate mitigating controls. Systems with more significant impact are subject to more stringent requirements on the IT controls that should be in place. Where there are critical gaps or vulnerabilities identified, GovTech guides agencies to put in place more robust safeguards, including stricter access rights validation and tapping on automation to reduce human error in account management.
In response to all AGO observations both past and present, agencies take steps to identify root causes, rectify gaps and tighten internal controls. Agencies' internal auditors track the implementation of corrective action, provide independent assessment of the robustness of agencies' controls, as well as raise issues to be remediated in a timely manner. Areas for improvement are shared across public agencies. We will take onboard the lessons learnt to continually improve our processes, controls and systems, and strengthen responsible management of public resources.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Increasing Financial Support for Seniors Living Alone for Healthcare, Social Services and Housing","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"3 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether the Government is considering to provide increased financial support or subsidies targeted at seniors living alone to help them access better healthcare, social services, or housing tailored to their needs.
Mr Lawrence Wong: The Government has recently enhanced several subsidy schemes for healthcare, social support, and housing. These schemes support seniors living alone, especially the lower-income or those with little or no family support.
For healthcare, seniors benefit from substantial subsidies at public hospitals and polyclinics, and for long-term care services. At Budget 2025, the Government announced enhancements to long-term care subsidies and grants, including additional subsidies for older cohorts born in 1969 or earlier.
For social support, seniors who had lower incomes during their working years and who now have less in retirement receive quarterly cash payments through the Silver Support Scheme. From 2025, eligible seniors can receive up to $1,080 each quarter, up from $900 previously. Other measures such as the permanent GST Voucher scheme, which includes cash payments, MediSave top-ups, U-Save and rebates for Service and Conservancy Charges, provide additional help.
On housing, a range of options from shorter-lease 2-room Flexi flats to Community Care Apartments are available. Seniors who right-size to smaller flats may also benefit from the Silver Housing Bonus, which will provide a cash bonus of up to $40,000 from December 2025. Within their homes, the Enhancement for Active Seniors (EASE) programme subsidises home fittings to help seniors live safely.
Beyond subsidies and financial support, we are also strengthening community and estate-level support for seniors. The Silver Generation Office conducts outreach to all Singaporeans aged 60 and above to identify seniors with needs, and connects them to appropriate care and support services, while Active Ageing Centres provide programmes and social support to help seniors stay connected. We are also piloting Age Well Neighbourhoods, which bring senior-friendly infrastructure and services into existing estates so that seniors can age well in familiar communities.
We will continue to review and strengthen our schemes to ensure that all seniors, especially those living alone, can age with dignity and peace of mind.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Security Deposit Limits for Code of Conduct for Leasing of Retail Premises and Review Process","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"4 Mr Ng Shi Xuan asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) how is the upper limit of three months’ gross rent for security deposits determined in the latest Code of Conduct for Leasing of Retail Premises; (b) when will be the next review of the Code; and (c) whether the Ministry has reviewed the appropriateness of the upper limit for security deposits in the two revisions.\n\n
Mr Gan Kim Yong: The Code of Conduct (CoC) for Leasing of Retail Premises was developed by the Fair Tenancy Industry Committee (FTIC) comprising tenant and landlord representatives.
The upper limit of three months' gross rent for security deposits set out in the CoC was based on the prevailing industry practice to require security deposits of three to six months of gross rent for a three-year retail lease. Setting the upper limit at three months seeks to strike a balance between avoiding undue strain on tenants' cashflow and protecting landlords against the cost of unit reinstatement.
The review of the CoC is ongoing and is expected to be completed by the first half of 2026.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Data on Retail Premises Subject to Code of Conduct for Leasing of Retail Premises","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"5 Mr Ng Shi Xuan asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry with regard to retail premises with a qualifying lease subject to the Code of Conduct for Leasing of Retail Premises, what is the breakdown of the number of retail premises (i) in intervals of 1,000 square feet up to 5,000 square feet and (ii) that are more than 5,000 square feet.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: We do not have the requested data, as the leases are private agreements.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Making Government Business Support Materials and Resources Available in Chinese for SMEs and Micro-enterprises","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"6 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry whether the Ministry will consider expanding the availability of Government (i) business support materials (ii) grant application guides and (iii) SME portals, in Chinese, to ensure inclusivity for Chinese-speaking business owners, especially the traditional micro-enterprise.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: Businesses can access materials such as brochures on small and medium enterprise (SME) support in Singapore’s four official languages, namely English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil, on Enterprise Singapore's website. Businesses can also receive business advisory support in the official languages through the respective Singapore Malay, Chinese and Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Supporting SMEs in Navigating Overseas Regulatory Challenges and Geopolitical Risks","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"7 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry whether the Government has any plans to provide further support to Singaporean small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating or expanding overseas, particularly in navigating regulatory challenges or geopolitical risks in regional markets.
Mr Gan Kim Yong: Given our small domestic market, our local enterprises have to look at markets outside of Singapore in order to grow. The Government is committed to supporting our companies to sell and expand overseas. At this year's Committee of Supply Debate, we announced the permanent doubling of the maximum quantum for trade loans under the Enterprise Financing Scheme to $10 million to improve access to trade financing. We also extended the Double Tax Deduction for Internationalisation by five years, and the enhanced $100,000 grant cap for each new market under the Market Readiness Assistance scheme by a year to defray costs relating to overseas market expansion.
EnterpriseSG also has more than 35 overseas centres globally that support Singapore companies seeking new opportunities in markets around the world by providing market information, intelligence and help to facilitate introductions to in-market partners.
In addition, EnterpriseSG works with Trade Association and Chambers to provide resources to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) grow internationally. For instance, the Singapore Business Federation (SBF) and Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry provide support to SMEs via the GlobalConnect programme, which includes market advisory services and business trips for companies to explore and pursue overseas opportunities, as well as introductions to overseas partners for market entry and expansion.
To help businesses navigate the current uncertainties and challenges due to the external economic environment, we partnered SBF to launch the Centre for the Future of Trade and Investment in July 2024, to advise companies on tariff and Free Trade Agreement related queries. The Singapore Economic Resilience Taskforce also announced on 10 July 2025 that the Government will be introducing the Business Adaptation Grant in October 2025 to help eligible firms which have been impacted by United States trade tariffs adapt their business operations and strengthen supply chain resilience.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Enforcement Actions to Address Illegal U-turns and Zebra Crossing Violations","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"8 Mr Edward Chia Bing Hui asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Ministry will consider installing cameras to enforce against illegal U-turns; and (b) what is the latest average monthly deployment of enforcement personnel to address illegal U-turns and zebra crossing violations.
Mr K Shanmugam: The Traffic Police (TP) will roll out new Traffic Violation Enforcement Cameras by 2026. These cameras will enhance enforcement against various traffic violations, including illegal U-turns.
TP deploys officers islandwide, with a focus on accident-prone locations and violation hotspots. They do not focus only on illegal U-turns and zebra crossing violations. The number of officers deployed varies, depending on operational needs and manpower constraints.
9 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in what circumstances will (i) Permanent Residents and (ii) Work Pass holders have their permanent residency or Work Pass revoked when they commit a criminal offence in Singapore.
Mr K Shanmugam: Foreigners, including Singapore Permanent Residents and Work Pass holders, who break our laws or engage in undesirable conduct may have their passes or permits cancelled and be prohibited from re-entry into Singapore. There is a framework to assess such cases, based on the facts, the nature and severity of the incident, the person's family roots here, and the contributions of the person to Singapore.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Feasibility Study on Regulating Chance-based Monetisation Mechanism in Video Games to Safeguard Young Consumers","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"10 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in view of the recent global regulatory developments on loot boxes, which include requirements for probability disclosure and parental consent in the US, South Korea and China, whether the Ministry will study and consider the feasibility of implementing similar measures in Singapore to safeguard consumers, particularly youths, from the risks associated with chance-based monetisation mechanics in video games.
Mr K Shanmugam: The Ministry of Home Affairs and the Gambling Regulatory Authority will review the Member's suggestions on probability disclosure and parental consent to reduce the gambling inducement risks relating to loot boxes.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Challenges in Safeguarding Youths from Extremist Ideologies vis-a-vis Evolving Digital Landscape","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"11 Mr Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs in light of recent restriction orders issued against youths influenced by a wide range of extremist ideologies (a) what challenges does ISD face in keeping pace with the evolving threat landscape and rapid change in technology and social media trends; and (b) how are our youths being safeguarded from such influences. \n
Mr K Shanmugam: Since 2015, following the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Internal Security Department (ISD) has dealt with 18 youths, aged 20 or below, under the Internal Security Act (ISA). Nine had intentions to mount attacks in Singapore. All were self-radicalised online.
The range of extremist ideologies and motivations that can radicalise an individual has become more diverse over the years. In recent times, ISD has issued ISA orders against four youths who were self-radicalised by far-right ideologies, and one who subscribed to a mix of extremist ideologies.
The Internet has been pivotal in facilitating radicalisation. It provides a ready and easily accessible source of extremist material and terrorist propaganda. Social media platforms, encrypted online platforms and gaming-based communities have also increasingly played a role in radicalisation and terrorist recruitment. These private spaces are digital echo chambers, where one's radical beliefs are reinforced through access to the copious amounts of extremist materials circulated in the spaces, and through interaction with other extremist or terrorist elements who are also in there. It can now take mere months, if not weeks, from the point where a youth encounters such online material, to the point of his or her radicalisation. The accelerated speed of radicalisation has meant shorter lead times for threat detection and intervention.
The Government takes a multi-pronged approach to address the threat of youth radicalisation.
Legislative levers have been strengthened through the introduction of the Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act and the Online Criminal Harms Act to block or remove harmful materials, including content that advocates violence and terrorism.
Agencies, including ISD, leverage multiple touchpoints to sensitise youths and those who regularly interact with them, to the threat of radicalisation, and encourage early reporting of suspected radicalisation cases.
For example, ISD has partnered with the Ministry of Education (MOE) to conduct counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation workshops for educators, school counsellors, student welfare officers, and students. ISD and MOE have also jointly produced an online guide for parents and guardians on protecting their children from radicalisation. Community partners such as the Religious Rehabilitation Group (RRG) and the Interagency Aftercare Group (ACG) conduct regular outreach to youths through counter-ideology forums and school assembly talks, and visits to the RRG’s Resource and Counselling Centre.
In schools, students learn about the negative impact of extreme ideas and prejudice on societies in Social Studies and History lessons. In Character and Citizenship Education, students learn to develop empathy and respect for others, recognise risks in the digital space, and use the internet safely and responsibly. They also develop critical skills to help them discern the reliability of information and learn to maintain vigilance against harmful online content.
Beyond schools, the Government has put in place public education efforts to help Singaporeans navigate the digital space and safeguard against digital risks. As an example, the National Library Board's (NLB’s) S.U.R.E. (Source, Understand, Research, Evaluate) Programme, was launched in 2013 to strengthen Singaporeans’ resilience to misinformation and online falsehoods.
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), as well as our community and religious organisations, such as Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS), has also leveraged the popularity of online platforms amongst youths. For instance, MHA launched the SGSecure Instagram and TikTok accounts in 2024 to share key advisories on radicalisation using bite-sized videos and posts. In 2019, MUIS launched the Muslim.SG website, which educates youths about Islam’s inherent values, and promotes messages of peace, tolerance, and compassion. MUIS has also worked with the Asatizah Youth Network, a group of young religious teachers, to provide guidance against youth radicalisation both online and in person.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Breakdown of Data on Residential Fires in HDB Flats by Cause and Type of Active Mobility Devices","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"12 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) what proportion of the residential fires in HDB flats this year are caused by active mobility devices (AMDs) or their batteries; (b) of the fires due to AMDs or their batteries, what is the breakdown by the three main types of devices: (i) mobility scooters; (ii) electric bicycles; and (iii) e-scooters.
Mr K Shanmugam: In the first half of 2025, fires involving Active Mobility Devices or their batteries accounted for less than 2%, or eight cases, of the fires in Housing and Development Board flats. Of these, one and seven fires were attributable to Power Assisted Bicycles and Personal Mobility Devices respectively.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Security Measures to Prevent Incursions into SAF Training Areas and Ensuring Public Safety","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"13 Mr Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim asked the Coordinating Minister for Public Services and Minister for Defence in light of the recent case of a cyclist intruding into a live-firing exercise within the restricted area of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, what are the measures that the SAF has taken to ensure security of the area to prevent any incursion into similar training or live-firing areas for the safety of SAF personnel and members of the public.
Mr Chan Chun Sing: Under the Military Manoeuvres Act, unauthorised persons are not allowed to enter restricted areas designated for Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) live firing in consideration for their own safety. Clear and visible signs warning the public are displayed at various entry points leading to these areas.
The signs were in place during the incident where a cyclist was injured, when he wilfully trespassed into a restricted area in June 2025. After the incident, the National Parks Board and the SAF have added more warning signs in the vicinity to remind members of the public to stay out of restricted areas.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Strengthening Singapore’s Cyber Defence","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"14 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Coordinating Minister for Public Services and Minister for Defence (a) what lessons has the Ministry learnt from recent cyber threats to strengthen Singapore’s cyber defence; and (b) whether there are plans to expand cyber defence units within the SAF, including greater recruitment of cyber specialists through national servicemen and regular servicemen.
Mr Chan Chun Sing: Cyber threats are constantly evolving, and the lines between cyber threats in the military and civilian domains are increasingly blurred. The Singapore Armed Forces' (SAF's) Digital and Intelligence Service (DIS) works closely with other Government agencies and key private sector organisations in defending Singapore’s critical information infrastructure. Through these collaborations, including in responding to specific threats, the DIS also derives useful insight for its further development.
In terms of organisational structure, the DIS inaugurated a Defence Cyber Command (DCCOM) earlier this year that consolidates the SAF's cybersecurity entities to strengthen capabilities and operations. DCCOM also serves a focal point that deepens the DIS' partnership with the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA), other Government agencies, and critical information infrastructure owners in areas such as operations, training and sharing of technical expertise.
On the manpower front, the DIS will continue to strengthen its pipeline of cyber talent through a variety of initiatives. It works with schools, through the Sentinel Programme, to engage Singaporean youths early and equip them with cyber defence skills. The DIS has also introduced a Cyber Work-Learn Scheme with several polytechnics and universities where their students can take on advanced operational cyber roles during their National Service or Regular Service, while undergoing their diploma or degree courses. For Operationally Ready National Servicemen, those who have relevant skills to contribute to cyber defence can be redeployed to the DIS. We will continue to expand the number of ways that National Servicemen can contribute in the DIS.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Evaluating MediSave Withdrawal Limit to Address Healthcare Costs, Evolving Medical Technologies and Changing Needs","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"15 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health what are the Ministry's upcoming plans to re-evaluate the MediSave withdrawal limit including the consideration on regularity of reviews or public consultations in response to shifting healthcare costs, evolving medical technologies and changing needs of Singaporeans.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: MediSave withdrawal limits are reviewed regularly. For example, this year, we announced that the withdrawal limits for the Flexi-MediSave Scheme and Outpatient Scans will be raised from $300 to $400, and $300 to $600 respectively. Flexi-MediSave will also be extended to costlier dental treatments, like root canals and permanent crowns.
The objective of MediSave is to help Singaporeans save for their future healthcare needs, especially for major acute episodes, which tend to happen when one grows old. Enhancements to MediSave are therefore considered carefully to strike a balance between defraying current healthcare expenditure and ensuring that Singaporeans have enough MediSave to meet their future healthcare needs.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Mental Health Support for Adults Facing Multiple Stressors and Improved Data for Targeted Intervention","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"16 Mr Gabriel Lam asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what mental health programmes are being designed or deployed for working adults aged 30 to 39 facing combined stressors from parenting, caregiving, and economic insecurity; and (b) whether the Ministry will consider publishing more granular data on suicide attempts, not just deaths, and including indicators such as socioeconomic status, employment, and family background to improve targeting of mental health interventions.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The Ministry of Health has established various first stop touchpoints such as the national mindline 1771, mindline.sg, and the Community Outreach Teams to simplify and enhance access to support for individuals in mental distress.
For working adults in particular, the tripartite partners have issued the Tripartite Advisory on Mental Health and Well-Being at Workplaces to encourage employers to adopt measures to support the mental well-being of their employees. The Health Promotion Board's Workplace Outreach Wellness Programme provides employers with resources and funding to improve employee mental well-being.
Data on suicide deaths is published by the Immigrations and Checkpoints Authority annually, based on data from the Registry of Deaths. There is currently no comprehensive data source for suicide attempts.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Dementia and Osteoporosis Rates Among Seniors Over 70 and Preventive Screening Plans","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"17 Mr Alex Yeo asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what is the current percentage of seniors above the age of 70 diagnosed with dementia and osteoporosis; and (b) whether the Ministry has plans to include as part of the Healthier SG Programme, screening for pre-dementia and osteoporosis which are common and potentially debilitating medical conditions among seniors in the community.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: About 11% and 16% of seniors above 70 years old have dementia and osteoporosis respectively, based on data in 2023.
Care protocols for dementia and osteoporosis are being developed under Healthier SG. The protocols will cover evidence-based screening assessments and clinical management of the conditions.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Regulating High-energy Drink Sales to Youths Under 16 and Impacts of Consumption on Youths in Singapore","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"18 Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) whether the Ministry is studying the UK government’s proposed ban on the sale of high-caffeine energy drinks to youths under the age of 16; and (b) whether the Ministry is aware of local studies done to examine the impact of consumption of such drinks on youths in Singapore.
Mr Ong Ye Kung: The Ministry of Health (MOH) is aware of the UK government's proposed ban and ongoing public consultation.
Internationally, there is currently no recognised health-based guidance for caffeine intake or international standards on the amount of caffeine allowed to be added to food. Regardless, caffeine should be consumed in moderation and individuals are advised to limit their intake to avoid adverse side effects.
High-caffeine energy drinks, which tend to contain high amounts of sugar and/or sugar substitutes, account for less than 1% of the total sales of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Singapore. The Healthy Meals in Schools Programme restricts the sale of SSBs in schools, hence youths are generally not exposed to such drinks in schools.
Currently, there are no local studies being conducted to examine the impact of consumption of high-caffeine energy drinks in youths. MOH and the Health Promotion Board will continue to monitor the developments internationally and encourage Singaporeans to adopt healthier diets overall.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Monitoring Humanitarian Relief Efforts by Private Organisations and Aid Delivery Restrictions to Gaza","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"19 Mr Saktiandi Supaat asked the Minister for Foreign Affairs (a) whether Government organisations (i) obtain updates on new initiatives from private organisations coordinating humanitarian relief efforts, such as Rahmatan Lil Alamin Foundation and Humanity Matters and (ii) track and report whether aid contributions collected from Singaporeans face any restrictions in delivery to Gaza; and (b) how can Singaporeans best contribute to such Middle East humanitarian relief efforts.
Dr Vivian Balakrishnan: This question for written answer was addressed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in their ministerial statements on “Situation in the Middle East” at the Parliamentary sitting on 22 September 2025. [Please refer to \"Situation in the Middle East\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Ministerial Statements section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Improving Recycling Rates within Businesses and Residential Areas and Creating One-stop Recyclables Collection Centres","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"20 Mr Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether the Ministry can provide an update on the measures taken to promote recycling and increase the domestic recycling rate within businesses and residential areas in Singapore; and (b) whether NEA can consider co-locating various recycling bins for textile, e-waste, paper and recyclable plastic products, in a one-stop recyclables collection centre for convenience of users.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: My reply will also address related Parliamentary Questions on efforts to promote recycling filed by Ms Hany Soh and Mr Foo Cexiang for the Sitting on or after 24 September 2025 and 25 September 2025 respectively. [Please refer to \"Measures to Boost and Improve Paper and Domestic Recycling Rate\", Official Report, 24 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 4, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.] [Please refer to \"Strategies to Reduce Contamination of Blue Recycling Bins\", Official Report, 25 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 5, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
The Government has worked with businesses and the community to introduce measures and initiatives to promote recycling. Examples include the launch of extended producer responsibility schemes for priority waste streams, progressive implementation of food waste segregation for large commercial and industrial food waste generators, and continued enhancements to our National Recycling Programme, such as by increasing the collection frequency for recyclables. The beverage container return scheme for plastic and metal beverage containers will also be launched next April.
Although we have achieved some progress in reducing waste generation, domestic recycling remains a challenge, and we are actively exploring ways to reduce contamination and improve the recycling rate. The National Environment Agency will press on with public education and outreach efforts, such as the Recycle Right campaign, to improve awareness of proper sorting practices. We are encouraged that community partners, such as Public Waste Collectors, non-profit organisations and Town Councils have come forward to trial source-segregated recycling via smart recycling bins, as well as co-locate dedicated recycling bins in malls and Housing and Development Board void decks. We will continue to review these measures.
We are also looking at strengthening support for paper recycling and will share more details when ready.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Review of Cost-bearing Responsibility for Hawkers to Provide Affordable Meals for Low-income Patrons","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"21 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) what are the principles that currently guide who should bear the cost of providing affordable, nutritious meals to low-income patrons; and (b) whether the Ministry will review the current distribution of responsibility to prevent it from disproportionately falling on hawkers.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: This question will be addressed at the next Sitting on 24 September 2025, together with similar Parliamentary Questions, for a more holistic reply. [Please refer to \"Provision of Affordable Meals and Other Contractual Obligations at Socially-conscious Enterprise Hawker Centres\", Official Report, 24 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 4, Oral Answers to Questions section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Singapore’s Drinking Water from 2016 to 2025","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"22 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment for each year since 2016, what has been the level of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Singapore's drinking water.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien: The Public Utilities Board (PUB) has been monitoring per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Singapore's drinking water through its comprehensive water sampling programme since 2016. Based on PUB's advanced laboratory testing capabilities, PFAS have not been detected in our drinking water.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Enquiry on 2027 Target Goals for Development Support and Learning Support (DS-LS) Programme in Preschools","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"23 Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) what is the number and percentage of preschools that currently offer the Development Support and Learning Support (DS-LS) programme; and (b) whether ECDA is on track to reach the target of expanding the DS-LS programme to cover 80% of preschoolers aged five to six by 2027.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: The Development Support and Learning Support (DS-LS) programme serves children requiring low levels of Early Intervention support. As of end 2024, over 900 preschools offer DS-LS, covering 68% of preschoolers aged five to six. The Early Childhood Development Agency has met the target of covering 60% of target preschoolers by 2025 and is on track to cover 80% of target preschoolers at a steady state.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"ComLink+ Take-up Rates among Eligible Families","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"24 Ms Mariam Jaafar asked the Minister for Social and Family Development what has been the take-up rate for ComLink+ among eligible families.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: ComLink+ supports around 10,000 families today. Another 4,000 families were eligible but declined to take part.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Completion Rates of Lasting Power of Attorney across Sociodemographic Profiles and Possible Extension beyond 31 March 2026","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"25 Mr Fadli Fawzi asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) to date, what is the number of Singaporeans who have completed their Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA), broken down by (i) race, (ii) age group, (iii) income, and (iv) gender; (b) whether the Ministry will extend the waiver of the LPA Form 1 filing fee beyond 31 March 2026; and (c) if no, why not.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M: As of 15 August 2025, the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) has registered over 350,000 Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) made by Singaporeans.
93% of the LPAs were made by Chinese donors, followed by 3% by Indian donors and 2% by Malay donors. The remaining 2% were made by donors of other ethnicities. 19% of the donors were above 75 years old, 63% were aged between 50 and 75, 18% were under the age of 50. 58% of the LPAs were made by female donors.
MSF does not collect information of the income of the donors who have submitted their LPA applications.
MSF encourages all Singaporeans to make their LPA as soon as possible to provide peace of mind for themselves and clarity for their families. We will consider the suggestion to further extend the waiver of the LPA Form 1 filing fee for Singaporeans beyond 31 March 2026.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Alternative Arrangements of Public Library Resources for Sims Place’s Residents","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"26 Dr Wan Rizal asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information with the planned relocation of the Geylang East Public Library, what alternative arrangements will the National Library Board (NLB) introduce to ensure continued access to public library resources for residents in Sims Place, especially for children and elderly residents.
Mrs Josephine Teo: The National Library Board's (NLB's) Libraries of the Future (LOTF) Masterplan is a 15-year plan to systematically revamp and upgrade the older public libraries from 2017 to 2030. As part of this plan, NLB's strategy has been to move standalone libraries to locations which have easy access to transportation hubs and networks. These locations, which may include shopping malls and integrated hubs, provide convenience to library users and ensure that public libraries are accessible to as many residents as possible. Geylang East Library, which was opened in 1988, is covered under this plan. When the relocation to Tanjong Katong Complex is completed in 2030, Geylang East Library will be brought closer to Paya Lebar Mass Rapid Transit station, which is an interchange station on the East-West Line and the Circle Line.
We recognise that whenever public libraries are relocated, they will become closer to some residents and farther for others. We therefore strive to ensure the new locations remain accessible. For residents who live near the existing Geylang East Library, the new location is a short bus ride away. Notwithstanding this, NLB has engaged Geylang East residents to better understand their needs and is separately working to identify a potential suitable space nearby to provide some form of library presence, such as a reading corner or a pop-up library, in the vicinity. We will also work with the relevant grassroots organisations to help residents access NLB's digital resources or delivery services.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"SkillsFuture Credit Usage towards Professional Licensure or Examination Fees","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"27 Mr David Hoe asked the Minister for Education (a) whether the $4,000 SkillsFuture Credit (Mid-Career) can be used for professional licensure or examination fees; (b) if not, what is the rationale; and (c) whether the Ministry will consider piloting a capped, outcomes-based list of employability-critical exams eligible for SkillsFuture Credit.
Mr Desmond Lee: Today, the SkillsFuture Credit (Mid-Career) of $4,000 can be used only for training fees and cannot be used to offset professional examination fees, as our key focus is to encourage take-up of substantive training among mid-career Singaporeans.
We have extended the SkillsFuture Credit base tier, which comprises the opening credit of $500 and a one-off top-up of $500 in 2020, to cover about 360 examination-only certifications. These certifications are recognised by the industry and supported by the relevant public agency overseeing the sector.
We will continue to review how the SkillsFuture Credit can support industry-relevant training and certifications.
28 Mr David Hoe asked the Minister for Education whether there are plans to issue regulations or directives for (i) autonomous universities (AUs) to publish module-level GenAI usage rules distinguishing assistive/formatting tools from content generation (ii) due-process requirements in disciplinary proceedings alleging GenAI misuse and (iii) proportional and coherent penalties for GenAI misuse across AUs.
Mr Desmond Lee: The Ministry of Education will provide an oral reply to this Parliamentary Question (PQ), together with other PQs which have been filed on this topic, at the next available opportunity. [Please refer to \"Guidelines Encouraging Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in Schools\", Official Report, 24 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 4, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Findings of Past and Current Reviews on School Policies towards Bullying and Hurtful Behaviours","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"29 Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis asked the Minister for Education (a) when was the last review of school policies on bullying and hurtful behaviours in schools made; (b) what were the outcomes of the review; (b) what is the targeted completion date of the current review; and (c) whether the full findings of the review will be made public.
Mr Desmond Lee: This question has been addressed as part of the oral reply to Questions Nos 1 to 12 on 23 September 2025. [Please refer to \"Management of Bullying in Schools\", Official Report, 23 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 3, Oral Answers to Questions section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Development of Frameworks to Track Recent Graduates' Long-term Employability and Mitigate Risks of Skills Obsolescence","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"30 Mr Low Wu Yang Andre asked the Minister for Education in view of the rapid advancements of AI (a) what frameworks are being developed with our Institutes of Higher Learning to (i) guide the review of curricula and (ii) track and mitigate the risk of skills obsolescence for recent graduates; and (b) what new metrics will be used to measure the long-term employability of recent graduates in an AI-driven economy.
Mr Desmond Lee: The Government closely monitors the employment outcomes of fresh graduates and workers through (a) the Ministry of Education's (MOE's) Graduate Employment Survey (GES) conducted six months after graduation, and (b) the Ministry of Manpower's Labour Force Survey.
The employment rates of fresh graduates six months post-graduation have remained broadly stable over the decade, with some year-to-year fluctuations due to economic cycles and cyclical changes at the sector level. Median salaries for fresh graduates have continued to rise year-on-year, increasing by 3% to 5% in 2024. The long-term unemployment rate of younger workers under 30 years has remained low at between 0.6% to 1.2% between June 2024 and June 2025. Notwithstanding the current global and economic uncertainty, the employment rates of the 2025 graduating cohort as of June 2025 remained comparable to the 2024 graduating cohort at the corresponding time last year.
That said, many undergraduates and fresh graduates may be concerned about their job prospects in the current economic climate, and their employability given how rapidly new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) are reshaping industries and jobs.
The Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) seek to align their curriculum with evolving industry needs, including through exposing students to industry-focused applications of AI.
First, IHLs regularly review their curriculum and course offerings in consultation with sector agencies and industry partners. Where appropriate, IHLs partner industry to design, deliver, assess and certify curriculum. For example, under Nanyang Polytechnic's Professional Competency Model, two AI-related diploma courses directly involve industry in all four aspects. IHLs have also expanded their offerings of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary courses, which allow students to gain exposure and apply their skills to multiple sectors and domains.
Second, the IHLs have strengthened industry partnerships for students to keep abreast of the latest industry developments, deepen their learning and gain working experience. Internships or industry attachments are already a graduation requirement for the polytechnics and Institute of Technical Education, and for most undergraduate programmes at the Autonomous Universities. Students also have the opportunity to work on industry projects as part of their curriculum, including through the Centres of Innovation and Centres of Excellence.
Third, the IHLs' curriculum helps students to learn about AI and equips them with baseline digital literacy and AI competencies to navigate an AI-pervasive world. Students also learn how to use AI within their disciplines and industries, and IHLs integrate industry-relevant AI tools into courses and partner with industry to create hands-on AI learning environments where appropriate.
Fourth, the IHLs have increased curricular focus on helping students learn beyond AI by developing key competencies like critical thinking, interpersonal and collaboration skills, as well as the ability to work across cultures. These competencies are critical in equipping graduates with skills that can bring value beyond AI itself, and that they effectively navigate the workplace and be resilient in responding to future trends and changes.
MOE and IHLs will continue to monitor employment outcomes of fresh graduates and work closely with industry partners and sector agencies to align curricula with industry needs and provide students with the opportunities to deepen their learning through internships and industry projects.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Average and Median Tenure Duration of Teachers across 30-year Period","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"31 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for Education what are the average and median tenure durations of teachers for the periods (i) 1995 to 2009 and (ii) 2010 to 2025.
Mr Desmond Lee: From 1995 to 2009, the median length of service was five to nine years. From 2010 to 2025, the median length of service was 10 to 14 years1.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":["1 : The median durations are in five-year bands, as data on length of service prior to 2012 is only available in five-year bands."],"footNoteQuestions":["31"],"questionNo":"31"},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Average and Median Attrition Rates of Teachers across 30-year Period","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"32 Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim asked the Minister for Education what are the average and median attrition rates of teachers for the periods (i) 1995 to 2009 and (ii) 2010 to 2025.
Mr Desmond Lee: For both the periods (i) 1995 to 2009 and (ii) 2010 to 2024, the mean and median annual resignation rates of teachers have been around 2% to 3%. We expect the resignation rate for 2025 to remain around this range.
33 Dr Charlene Chen asked the Minister for Education (a) how does the Ministry ensure school curricula are regularly updated to equip students with skills relevant to the future economy, particularly in growth areas like digitalisation, sustainability, healthcare, and allied healthcare; (b) how frequently are such reviews conducted in consultation with industry; and (c) how is alignment ensured between education pathways and sectors with strong and emerging manpower demand.
Mr Desmond Lee: The Ministry of Education and our Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) regularly review the curriculum in our schools and IHLs to ensure students develop the competencies and skills needed to thrive in the future economy. This is done in consultation with stakeholders, such as sector agencies and industry representatives, to ensure that the curriculum is responsive to latest developments and issues, emerging trends and industry needs. In addition, the IHLs’ academic staff have various opportunities for industry exposure, such as through industry attachments and projects, to maintain their industry currency.
For schools, the curriculum for each subject is typically reviewed around once every six to eight years. However, in cases where there are fast-changing developments, for example, Artificial Intelligence (AI), we have added AI literacy into the development of students' digital literacy and technological skills within the curriculum and co-curriculum. Sustainability is a theme that has been incorporated into subjects, such as the Science and Humanities syllabi, providing students with a strong foundation to access related subjects at a higher level.
As for our IHLs, the Institute of Technical Education and polytechnics conduct reviews of curricula at the course and module levels annually, with more in-depth institutional reviews of curricula and delivery of courses conducted around every three years. These reviews are informed by feedback from industry including their academic advisory committees and other partnerships. Similarly, the Autonomous Universities conduct regular reviews of their course curricula through their academic advisory boards every two to five years, with more frequent reviews for courses in sectors that are more fast-changing.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Companies Failing to File Mandatory Retrenchment Notifications and Incurring Penalties across Five Years","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"34 Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan asked the Minister for Manpower for each year from 2021 to date (a) what is the number of companies that have failed to file a mandatory retrenchment notification (MRN) within the requisite period; and (b) what is the number of companies that have incurred penalties for failing to comply with this requirement.\n
Dr Tan See Leng: From January 2021 to June 2025, the Ministry of Manpower received around 19,800 Mandatory Retrenchment Notification (MRN) submissions. Of these, 5,750 were submitted later than the requisite period of five working days after affected employees were notified.
Most of the non-compliant employers were issued with caution letters and were cooperative in filing MRNs thereafter.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Active CPF Members Aged 55 from 2020 to 2024 and Future Projected Changes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"35 Mr Shawn Loh asked the Minister for Manpower (a) what is the number and proportion of active CPF members who have turned 55 years old from 2020 to 2024; and (b) in light of a higher rate of labour market disruption, whether the Ministry expects the proportion of active CPF members to decrease in the future.
Dr Tan See Leng: An active Central Provident Fund (CPF) member is a member with at least one CPF contribution paid for the current or any of the preceding three months as an employee. The number and proportion of active CPF members who have turned 55 years old from 2020 to 2024 are shown below:
Even with the labour market disruptions during the pandemic years, the proportion has seen a slight uptrend between 2020 and 2024. We expect the proportion of active CPF members turning age 55 to remain stable in the coming years.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Introduction of Protected Time Regulations during Working Hours in Support of Breastfeeding Mothers","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"36 Ms Elysa Chen asked the Minister for Manpower whether the Government will consider introducing regulations requiring employers to provide protected time for mothers to pump breastmilk during working hours as part of strengthening workplace support for women.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Government recognises the importance of supporting women in the workplace, including the needs of nursing mothers. Given the varied nature of work requirements and arrangements, we take an enabling approach to support employers rather than to impose regulations, and work with tripartite partners to promote an inclusive, supportive work culture for nursing mothers.
For example, the Tripartite Standard on Work-Life Harmony specifies workplace practices that employers should implement to support employees to manage their work responsibilities and personal aspirations, including providing lactation support in the form of a breastfeeding-friendly work environment and flexible lactation breaks. The Employers' Guide to Breastfeeding at the Workplace, which was jointly produced by the National Trade Union Congress U Family, Health Promotion Board and the Singapore National Employers Federation, also recommends employers to provide lactation breaks for employees. The Government has also legislated the provision of lactation facilities by building owners under the Building and Construction Authority's Code on Accessibility.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Purchasing Primary Care Plans for Work Permit and S Pass Holders and Medical Insurance for Employment Pass Holders","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"37 Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan asked the Minister for Manpower (a) whether the Ministry is considering requiring employers to purchase the Primary Care Plan (PCP) for Work Permit and S Pass holders who do not stay in dormitories or work in the Construction, Marine Shipyard and Process sectors; and (b) whether the Ministry is considering requiring employers to purchase medical insurance for Employment Pass holders.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Primary Care Plan (PCP) is mandated only for Work Permit and S Pass holders who live in dormitories or work in the construction, marine shipyard and process sectors. This is because most of these workers live in communal dormitories and face a higher risk of infectious disease outbreaks. The PCP also improves accessibility of primary care as PCP clinics are usually located near where they stay. Employers may choose to purchase the PCP, which is under a fixed capitation rate, for their other migrant workers to have better cost certainty.
The Ministry of Manpower does not require employers to purchase medical insurance for Employment Pass holders, as they would have the means to purchase personal medical insurance or may be receiving medical benefits as part of their employment contract.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Complaints against Employee Monitoring beyond Working Hours, and Enforcement Actions and Employee Recourse Available","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"38 Mr Low Wu Yang Andre asked the Minister for Manpower over the last three years (a) how many complaints has the Ministry received regarding intrusive employee monitoring practices outside of working hours, such as location tracking by employers; (b) what percentage of these complaints has resulted in advisories or enforcement actions against the employer; and (c) what specific recourse is available to employees whose privacy has been breached.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Ministry of Manpower does not track complaints regarding intrusive employee monitoring practices because such practices fall outside of the scope of the Employment Act.
If employees are of the view that their company's policies breach their privacy, they should first surface the issue through their company's grievance-handling channel or approach their union if their company is unionised. Employees may also approach the Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices for further assistance.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Update on Considerations for Default Publication of Anonymised Employment Claims Tribunal Decisions","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"39 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Minister for Manpower whether the Ministry can give an update about its deliberations on whether it will make it the default position to publish the judgment and grounds of decision for cases brought before the Employment Claims Tribunal on an anonymised basis.
Dr Tan See Leng: In general, the Executive leaves it to the Courts to decide on which judgments to publish. The Courts have determined that judgments delivered in the Employment Claims Tribunals (ECT) need not be published by default. Going forward, given the considerable body of case law developed since the establishment of the ECT in 2017, the Judiciary will be publishing selected ECT judgments which serve as useful reference to parties and the general public. The publication of a curated set of ECT judgments, targeted to be made available in phases from the second half of 2026, aims to provide greater awareness and a better understanding of the legal rights and responsibilities in employer-employee relationships. This in turn enhances access to justice. The Courts may also make judgments available upon request by any party and with the Courts' approval. This approach strikes a balance between helping the public understand the law and how it is applied, ensuring that the ECT continues to dispense justice in a timely manner, and maintaining the confidential nature of such proceedings.\t
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Awareness, Utilisation Rates and Efficacy of Differentiated Job Matching Platforms for Fresh Graduates and Young Professionals","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"40 Dr Charlene Chen asked the Minister for Manpower (a) whether differentiated platforms such as social media will be used for job matching of fresh graduates and young PMETs in their job searches; (b) what is the utilisation rate of the MyCareersFuture portal by this group; (c) what is the portal’s efficacy in securing placements; and (d) what are the plans to increase awareness and adoption of the portal.
Dr Tan See Leng: Jobseekers, including fresh graduates and young professionals, managers, executives and technicians (PMETs), tap on multiple channels to maximise their chances of success in their job search. These could include MyCareersFuture (MCF) or other job portals, recruitment agencies, networking platforms and direct company applications.
MCF is one of the most widely used job portals in Singapore. One in three fresh graduates and young PMETs, proxied as those aged 30 and below in the labour force who have attained a diploma/professional qualification or a degree, were active MCF users in 2024. Of this group, about six in ten found new jobs within six months. These job applicants may also have utilised other job platforms.
Workforce Singapore (WSG) will continue to use a combination of digital marketing campaigns, media pitches and physical events to increase visibility of the MCF portal and encourage its usage. Additionally, WSG will continue to enhance functionalities such as the search filters that help users find job opportunities with Government support like the upcoming GRaduate Industry Traineeship (GRIT) programme for fresh graduates.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Fines and Deterrents Imposed on Domestic Workers and Employers for Unpermitted Multi-household Services from 2020 to Date","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"41 Mr Shawn Loh asked the Minister for Manpower (a) for each year from 2020 to date, what is the average fine imposed on (i) migrant domestic workers who have provided unpermitted domestic services to multiple households and (ii) unofficial employers of such services, respectively; and (b) whether the Ministry considers income levels of such workers when calibrating the levels of fines to achieve punitive and deterrent objectives.
Dr Tan See Leng: The Ministry of Manpower considers various factors when determining the appropriate enforcement actions to take, including the need for both punitive and deterrent effects. In the majority of cases where Migrant Domestic Workers (MDWs) worked illegally for households or commercial entities for short duration on few occasions, warnings were issued to both the illegal employers and MDWs.
Based on factors of each case such as the duration of illegal employment, fines would be issued. For the period 2020 to 2024, 66 illegal employers were fined between $1,000 and $12,000 by MOM, with the average fine being $3,100. Two MDWs were fined $2,000 and $4,000 respectively.
As for the more egregious cases that were prosecuted in Court, 12 illegal employers and 19 MDWs were convicted and fined an average of $8,800 and $5,000 respectively. Court-imposed fines are determined by the Courts' assessment of the individual's liability and the circumstances of each case.
42 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether risk assessment based on distant Sumatran quakes has been reviewed and updated following the recent seismic activity in Johor from the proximate Mersing Fault Zone; (b) what analysis assesses HDB blocks' ability to withstand shaking from this nearer source; and (c) whether the Ministry will commit to targeted structural inspections for the most vulnerable older HDB estates.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: All buildings, including Housing and Development Board (HDB) blocks, are designed to be sufficiently robust to withstand lateral forces including tremors from earthquakes in the region. HDB and the Building and Constuction Authority (BCA) have also installed tremor sensors on selected buildings to monitor real-time data to assess the potential impact of seismic activities on our buildings.
Real-time data from HDB's and BCA's tremor sensors showed that the recent earthquake in Johor had no impact on buildings in Singapore, including older HDB estates. BCA and HDB will continue to monitor regional seismic developments and review risk assessment frameworks as necessary.
To ensure building and public safety, BCA has put in place a rigorous regime of periodic structural inspections, which identify signs of structural defects and deterioration.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Proposal for New Aggravated Cruelty Category in Legislation for Cases Resulting in Death or Permanent Disability of Animals","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"43 Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether the Animals and Birds Act will be reviewed to include the introduction of an aggravated cruelty category for serial offenders or cases resulting in death or permanent disability; (b) if so, what is the proposed definition; and (c) what is the policy rationale for the current maximum 18-month jail term.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The question for written answer has been addressed in a written reply to Question Nos 64, 65, 66, and 67 for written answer on the Order Paper for 22 September 2025. [Please refer to \"Review of Penalty Framework for Animal Cruelty and Abuse Offences\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Written Answers to Questions section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Management of Crow-related Public Nuisance and Safety Threats in Residential Areas","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"44 Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat asked the Minister for National Development (a) when and why did controlled shooting for crow management cease; (b) whether there is a timeline to review reinstatement; (c) whether crow-related public nuisance and safety threats in residential estates has escalated; and (d) if so, whether the Government has a framework to address such increased nuisance and threats.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: Since 2024, the National Parks Board (NParks) has removed more than 8,600 crow nests and 16,000 crows from urban hotspots islandwide. With the recent increase in pest bird-related feedback, NParks has been stepping up its multi-pronged efforts to manage the disamenities. These include direct population control with enhanced trapping and removal methods, crow nest removal, enforcement against illegal bird feeding, and education and outreach efforts to reduce human-generated food sources.
To further mitigate crow-related disamenities, the Ministry of National Development and NParks have been working closely with the Singapore Police Force over the past few months to resume the shooting of crows as part of our efforts to bring down the crow population.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Review of Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act for Ageing Condominiums","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"45 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Minister for National Development for condominiums over 30 years old (a) what is the status of the review of the Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act to better protect such ageing buildings; (b) whether there are plans to enhance regulations ensuring timely maintenance of common property by responsible parties; and (c) whether such condominium MCSTs will be mandated to maintain adequate sinking funds.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Ministry of National Development refers Mr Yip to our response to Parliamentary Question No 93 for oral answer on the Order Paper for 22 September 2025 which shares the status of the review of the Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act. [Please refer to \"Review of Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act 2004, and Addressing Maintenance Issues in Ageing Condominium Developments\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Long-term Commercial or Industrial Property Vacancies and Impacts on Rental Markets","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"46 Ms He Ting Ru asked the Minister for National Development (a) what is the current total stock in square metres of office, retail, and industrial space that has remained vacant for over one year; (b) whether studies have been undertaken to investigate the prevalence and scale of persistently vacant commercial or industrial units and their impact on rental volumes and prices; and (c) if so, what are the details of the studies.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: As of June 2025, the total stock of retail, office and industrial spaces that have remained vacant for more than a year are 220,000 square metres, 440,000 square metres and 2.7 million square metres, respectively. By proportion, these figures represent 3.4%, 5.4%, and 5.0% of the total available space in each sector and are generally comparable to pre-pandemic levels.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Number of and Criteria for Private Property Owners Given Waivers for Mandatory Waiting Period","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"47 Ms Valerie Lee asked the Minister for National Development (a) to date, what is the number of private property owners who are given a waiver of the 15-month wait-out period after selling their private property and before buying a HDB resale flat; and (b) whether the Ministry considers changes in family circumstances, such as adequacy of space or financial circumstances, as a factor when granting the waiver.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: This Question has been addressed in the response to Parliamentary Question No 112 for oral answer on the Order Paper for 22 September 2025. [Please refer to \"Update on Review to Remove 15-month Wait-out Requirement for Private Property Owners Downgrading to HDB Flats\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer not Answered by End of Question Time section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Measures to Support PWM Workers Residing in Public Rental Housing Experiencing Rent Increases in View of Wage Adjustments","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"48 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether the Ministry has data on the number of workers covered under the Progressive Wage Model (PWM) who currently reside in public rental housing and have experienced rent increases following wage adjustments; and (b) what specific support measures are in place to cushion the impact of rental increases for these PWM workers.
Mr Chee Hong Tat: The Housing and Development Board (HDB) does not track public rental tenants by the sectors they are employed in.
For tenants of public rental flats, including workers covered under the Progressive Wage Model, HDB will not raise their rent during the tenancy term even if there is an increase in their incomes.
As HDB rental rates are heavily subsidised, it is fair to all taxpayers for a tenant to pay higher rent when his income rises. Before any increase in rent is applied upon tenancy renewal, HDB will consider factors such as household size and living expenses to ensure that any rent increase is lower than the income increase, so that the tenants are still financially better off when they earn higher incomes.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Addressing Deteriorating MRT Reliability and Measures to Address Root Causes","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"49 Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) why has MRT reliability fallen to its lowest levels since 2020 with even newer lines showing significant declines; (b) what proportion of breakdowns are due to under-maintenance and poor equipment quality; (c) how effective are the upgraded signalling systems; and (d) what measures are being taken to address the root causes.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: This question has been addressed in the oral reply to Parliamentary Questions 19 to 24 at the 22 September 2025 Parliament sitting. [Please refer to \"Causes for Recent MRT and LRT Breakdowns, and Measures to Improve Rail Reliability and Review Financial Penalties\", Official Report, 22 September 2025, Vol 96, Issue 2, Oral Answers to Questions section.]
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Public Feedback on Irresponsible Public Riding Behaviours Leading to Enforcement Action Taken against Reported Riders","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"50 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) how many cases of public feedback has the LTA received regarding irresponsible public riding behaviours; and (b) out of these feedback cases, how many have led to (i) enforcement actions against reported riders and (ii) seizure of Active Mobility Devices involved.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The Land Transport Authority (LTA) enforces based on data from LTA closed-circuit televisions, intelligence from enforcement officers, and feedback received.
From 2022 to 2024, LTA received over 1,800 pieces of public feedback on irresponsible riding behaviours. The feedback provided useful information which LTA could act on, to enforce against unsafe riding and use of non-compliant devices.
Over the same period, enforcement officers took action against more than 100 riders for offences involving irresponsible riding behaviours such as speeding on public paths. LTA also seized more than 3,000 active mobility devices involved in offences such as riding non-compliant devices on public paths.
Nonetheless, we recognise that most riders ride safely and responsibly today, and will continue to encourage such riding practices through our public education and outreach efforts. On the ground, enforcement officers also engage and educate path users on proper path etiquette.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Mandating PMAs and PABs to Undergo Periodic Inspections to Ensure Compliance with Safety Standards","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"51 Mr Cai Yinzhou asked the Acting Minister for Transport whether the Ministry will consider implementing regulations for Personal Mobility Aids (PMAs) and Power-Assisted Bicycles (PABs) to undergo periodic inspections to ensure continued compliance with relevant safety standards, similar to current regulations for Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs) to be inspected every two years.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: Personal Mobility Devices, such as e-scooters, are required to meet the UL2272 fire safety standard, which is an internationally recognised benchmark that significantly reduces the risk of fires. Registered e-scooters are subjected to periodic inspections every two years to ensure they remain compliant.
Power-Assisted Bicycles (PABs) must conform to the EN15194 standard, which specifies stringent safety and performance criteria for both electrical and mechanical components, before they can be type-approved, sealed and registered. Since July 2021, new PABs must comply with the EN15194:2017 standard that includes anti-tampering measures that make it more difficult to modify the them.
There are currently no commonly recognised international fire safety standards for Personal Mobility Aids. The Government will continue to monitor the development of international standards.
The Land Transport Authority also takes strong enforcement action against illegal modifications of all motorised active mobility devices.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Taxi and Private Hire Car Drivers Turning 75 from 2022 to 2024 and Maintaining Vocational Licence Age Limit","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"52 Mr Shawn Loh asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether the Ministry has data on the number of taxi and private hire car drivers who turn 75 years old in each year from 2022 to 2024; and (b) what are the considerations to maintain the maximum age limit for a vocational licence at 75 years old.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: The numbers of taxi and private hire car (PHC) driver vocational licence (VL) holders who turned 75 years old each year from 2022 to 2024 are shown in Table 1 below.
As taxi and PHC drivers are responsible for the safety of commuters and other road users, it is important to ensure that they are fit to drive. The maximum age limit of 75 years for a VL holder was decided after reviewing past accident statistics and after consulting the Singapore Medical Association.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Update on Implementation of ERP 2.0 and Plans to Ensure Transparency and Data Privacy for Users","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"53 Mr Lee Hong Chuang asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether the Ministry can provide an update on the implementation of ERP 2.0, including its expected benefits to motorists and transport planning; and (b) how does the Ministry plan to ensure transparency and data privacy for users of the new system.\n
Mr Jeffrey Siow: As of 23 September 2025, today, more than 750,000 or 75% of vehicles have installed Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) 2.0 On-Board Units (OBUs). We are on track to complete the installation by 2026.
We have been taking in feedback from vehicle owners and industry to improve the OBU’s features. The OBU provides real-time traffic updates, such as event-based road closures and diversions, for example, flood warnings, and situational alerts, for example, bus lanes and school zones, to enhance safety on roads for drivers and pedestrians. It also provides information like estimated travel time along expressways and carpark availability in the city area. Since 1 September 2025, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) introduced a new feature for motorists to conveniently pay any missed ERP payment via the OBU.
There are strict safeguards to govern the collection, usage and storage of data. For instance, LTA will use anonymised or aggregated data for traffic management and transport planning purposes. LTA also adheres to Government-wide standards for data security, including strict guidelines on data sharing with other Government agencies.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Statistics on Ridership and Average Load Factors for City Direct Services 675, 676 and 677 since January 2025 and During Peak Hours","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"54 Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what are the ridership statistics for City Direct Services 675, 676, and 677 since their launch in January 2025; and (b) what are the current average load factors for each of these services during peak hours.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: Loading for City Direct Services 675, 676, and 677 has stabilised at around 35% to 45% in the morning peak, and at around 10% to 15% in the evening peak.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Relationship between Rail Service Reliability and Public Transport Adoption","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"55 Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong asked the Acting Minister for Transport whether the Ministry has conducted studies on the relationship between rail service reliability and public transport adoption.
Mr Jeffrey Siow: We have not conducted such studies. In 2024, 66% of peak period journeys were completed by public transport and this proportion has been growing over time. The vast majority of these journeys are completed smoothly.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Extending CDC Vouchers Scheme beyond Merchants Located Near HDB Estates and Hawker Centres","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"56 Mr Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth whether the Ministry can consider extending the CDC Vouchers scheme to benefit more merchants and retailers beyond merchants in HDB housing estates and hawker centres, especially in areas where those ineligible merchants are proximate to HDB and other residential estates.\n
Mr Edwin Tong Chun Fai: I am answering in my capacity as the Minister charged with the responsibility for the People’s Association. The Community Development Council (CDC) Vouchers Scheme was first introduced in June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic with two key objectives: (i) to help Singaporean households cope with the cost of living; and (ii) to support hawkers and heartland merchants.
In line with the policy intent, our aim is to onboard hawkers and merchants in the Housing Development Board (HDB) heartlands, such as those in the National Environment Agency-managed centres and HDB heartlands, including shops which offer daily goods or services.
However, there are instances where few or no heartland merchants are found within or near residential areas. In such locations, we have onboarded, on a case-by-case basis, small businesses that provide goods and services needed by residents.
To date, we have onboarded over 23,000 hawkers and heartland merchants on the CDC Voucher scheme. The CDCs will continue to work closely with key partners, including the Federation of Merchants' Association, Singapore, Heartland Enterprise Centre Singapore, and various merchant and hawker associations, to onboard eligible merchants in the heartlands.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null},{"startPgNo":0,"endPgNo":0,"title":"Visitors Demographic Profiles for Kallang Basin Swimming Complex and St Wilfred Sport Centre Over Past 10 Years","subTitle":null,"sectionType":"WA","content":"57 Dr Wan Rizal asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth over the past 10 years, what are the annual visitor numbers and visitors' demographic profiles, such as age, sex and race for (i) the Kallang Basin Swimming Complex and (ii) the St Wilfred Sport Centre, respectively.
Mr David Neo: Over the past five years, Kallang Basin Swimming Complex (KBSC) received an average annual non-unique visitorship of about 52,000, with about half of them aged between 20 years old and 59 years old.
Over the same period, St Wilfred Sport Centre (SWSC) received an average annual non-unique visitorship of about 124,000, with slightly more than 80% of them aged between 20 years old and 59 years old.
","clarificationText":null,"clarificationTitle":null,"clarificationSubTitle":null,"reportType":null,"questionCount":null,"footNotes":null,"footNoteQuestions":null,"questionNo":null}],"writtenAnswersVOList":[],"writtenAnsNAVOList":[],"annexureList":[{"annexureID":2792,"sittingDate":null,"annexureTitle":"Annex 1","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/annex-Annex 1.pdf","fileName":"Annex 1.pdf","sectionType":"OA","file":null}],"vernacularList":[{"vernacularID":6702,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Mr Chua Kheng Wee Louis","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-Louis Chua Motion 23Sep2025-Chinese.pdf","fileName":"Louis Chua Motion 23Sep2025-Chinese.pdf"},{"vernacularID":6703,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Ms Joan Pereira","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-Joan Pereira Motion 23Sep2025 -Chinese.pdf","fileName":"Joan Pereira Motion 23Sep2025 -Chinese.pdf"},{"vernacularID":6704,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Mr Goh Pei Ming","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-Goh Pei Ming Motion 23Sep2025-Chinese (amended).pdf","fileName":"Goh Pei Ming Motion 23Sep2025-Chinese (amended).pdf"},{"vernacularID":6705,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-23 Sept 2025 - Ag Min Faishal Ibrahim - Address of Thanks [Tracked Edits].pdf","fileName":"23 Sept 2025 - Ag Min Faishal Ibrahim - Address of Thanks [Tracked Edits].pdf"},{"vernacularID":6706,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Ms Sim Ann","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-Sim Ann Motion President 23Sep2025-Chinese.pdf","fileName":"Sim Ann Motion President 23Sep2025-Chinese.pdf"},{"vernacularID":6707,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Mr Saktiandi Supaat","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-23 Sept 2025 - Mr Saktiandi Supaat - Address of Thanks.pdf","fileName":"23 Sept 2025 - Mr Saktiandi Supaat - Address of Thanks.pdf"},{"vernacularID":6708,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Dr Koh Poh Koon","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-Koh Poh Koon Motion 23Sep2025-Chinese.pdf","fileName":"Koh Poh Koon Motion 23Sep2025-Chinese.pdf"},{"vernacularID":6709,"sittingDate":null,"vernacularTitle":"Vernacular Speech by Dr Wan Rizal","filePath":"d:/apps/reports/solr_files/20250923/vernacular-23 Sept 2025 - Dr Wan Rizal - Address of Thanks.pdf","fileName":"23 Sept 2025 - Dr Wan Rizal - Address of Thanks.pdf"}],"onlinePDFFileName":""}